英語九年級上語法知識

㈠ 外研社九年級英語上冊主要講了什麼語法知識點

外研社九年級英語上冊語法知識點:

1. What are you up to? 你在做什麼?
2. Would you like a hand …? 你想要幫忙嗎?
3. have a look at … 看一看…
4. in the centre of …. 在…的中央
5. on our way back from… 在我們從…回來的路上
6. I bet you do! 我打賭你會做到的。
7. only once + 句子 只有在…的條件下才行
Unit 2
1.take a helicopter tour
take/ go on a… tour 表示進行…旅途
goon a camel ride 騎駱駝旅遊
2. be surprised at sth. 對某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised at the result of the exam.
be surprised todo sth. 對做某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised to hear the news.
3. at different times of the day 在每天的不同時刻
4. in many ways 在很多方面
They are likeus in many ways.
in differentways 用不同的方法
I can work out this math problem indifferent ways.
ina way 在某種程度上來說
Ina way,that can be compared with the introction of the Internet in the 20thcentury.
by theway 順便說一下
5. be similar to 與…相似
Hisanswer is similar to mine.
6. have a good/bad temper
有好/壞脾氣
Miss Li is very kind. She has a good temper.
7. keep doing sth. 不斷做某事
It keepsraining these days.
Mole8 Unit 1
1. at the back/front 在後面/前面
on the left/right 在左邊/右邊
2. over 越過
climb over the wall 爬過這道牆
see over the people 越過人群看
3. enter the competition
=take part in the competition 參加比賽
4. You bet! (口語)當然!
5. get sb. doing sth.
= make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
How did you get thecamera working?
= How did you makethe camera work?
6. How did you get on? 你進展怎樣?
get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
get on well with sth. 某事進展順利
He gets on well with his classmates.
Mary didn』t get on well with her work.
7. be in with a chance to dosth.
= have a chance to do sth. 有機會去做某事
8. have gone = bemissing
= be lost = get lost 不見了，失蹤了
My watch has gone.
=My watch is missing.
= My watch is/gets lost.
9. You are kidding! 你在開玩笑吧!
10. expect to do sth. 期待，料到去做某事
11. pick up sth. 撿起某物
pick up sb. 接人
My father picks me up everyday.
Unit 2
1. be pleased with sb./sth.
對某人/某物感到滿意
2. even though + 句子
= even if + 句子
即使…(對虛擬的情況進行讓步)
I won』t go to the party even though/ifI have time.
即使我有時間我也不會去參加聚會的。
though = although
雖然…(對現實的情況進行讓步)
I didn』t go to the party though/although Ihad time.
雖然我有時間，但是我沒有去參加聚會。
3.read on 繼續讀
動詞+on 表示繼續做某事
4.know … well 對…熟悉
5. manage to do sth. 設法去做某事
We managed to get what we wanted.
我們設法得到了我們想要的東西。
6. a collection of 一組…
7. work on sth. 從事…
8. Congratulations tosb. 祝賀某人
9. present the prize 頒獎
give prizes to sb. 給某人頒獎
which, who 引導的定語從句
Mole9 Unit 1
1. Oh dear! 天啊!
2. It』s no laughingmatter.
這不是什麼可笑的事情。
3. over there 在那邊
4. have a word with sb. 和某人說句話
5. That』s good news. 這是個好消息。
news是不可數名詞，前面不能加a
可以加量詞 a piece of news
two pieces of news
6. Here you are. 給你。
7. be in deep trouble 有大麻煩
Unit 2
1. orange-and-white 黃白相間的
black-and-white 黑白的
2. win the heard of … 贏得…的心
3. a group of 一群…
4. He eats as many peachesas he likes.
他喜歡吃多少桃子就吃多少。
as … as possible 盡可能…
as early as possible 盡早
5. make a mess 弄得一團糟
6. ever since + 句子 自從…
7. translate … into … 把…翻譯成…
8. have sth. done (bysb.)
把某物讓別人…了
We hadthe machine mended.
我們把機器讓人修好了。
He hashad his hair cut.
他把頭發請人給他剪了。
9.選擇疑問句：
在一般疑問句後加or …構成選擇疑問句。
選擇疑問句不能回答Yes或No，要選擇其中一個進行回答。如：
--Are you in Class 1 or Class 2?
--I』m in Class 1.
/I』m in Class 2.
/Neither, I』m in Class 5.
10. 在定從中，當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of thepersons and things that I saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
定從中只能用that的情況
1. 當先行詞是everything, anything,nothing, something, all, none, few, little, 等代詞時，只能用that。如：
Have you taken down everythingthat Mr. Li said?
你記下李老師講的一切了嗎?
All that can be done hasbeen done.
所有能做的都做好了。
2. 當先行詞被序數詞和形容詞最高級修飾的時候，只能用that。如：
The first place that theyvisited in London was the Big Ben.
他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方是大本鍾。
This is the best film thatI have ever seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
3. 當主句有who, which等疑問詞時，定從只能用that引導。如：
Who is the man thatis standing over there?
站在那邊的人是誰?
Which is the T-Shirt thatyou bought?
你買的T恤是哪一件?
4. 當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of the persons and things thatI saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
Mole 10Unit 1
1. a bit + 形容詞= a little 形容詞
表示「有點…」
I』m a bit tired. =I』m a little tired.
我有點累了。
a little + 不可數名詞
a bit of + 不可數名詞
There is a littletime left.
= There is a bit oftime left.
還剩下一點時間。
2. give up 放棄
give up doingsth. 放棄做某事
My father gaveup smoking 2 years ago.
我爸爸2年前戒煙了。
3. stay fit = keep fit 保持健康
4.need to do sth. 需要做某事
5. take exercise 做運動
exercise 表示「鍛煉」時是不可數名詞，
表示練習時，是可數名詞
doing morning exercise 做晨練
do eye exercise 做眼操
These maths exercises arevery difficult.
這些數學習題很難。
6. go running 去跑步
go swimming 去游泳
go sightseeing 去觀光
7. talk to sb. 跟某人說話
talk with sb. 跟某人交談
8. nearly adv. 幾乎，差不多
Nearly 300 students entered thecompetition.
差不多300個學生參加了比賽。
The car nearly hitthe man.
車差點撞到那個男子。
9. not … any more 不再…
10. bump into sb. 碰見
I bumped into an old friendyesterday.
昨天我碰見一個老朋友。
Unit 2
1. know about 了解
2. include v.包括
including 介詞. 可以做伴隨狀語
Your ties includedoing the cleaning and cooking.
你的職責包括做清潔和做飯。
Manypeople like pop music including my grandpa.
很多人都喜歡流行音樂，包括我爺爺。
3.persuade sb. (not) to do sth.
說服某人做(不要做)某事
My father persuadedme not to join the club. 爸爸勸說我不要參加那個俱樂部。
4.ban … from … 禁止…進入…
ban … fromdoing sth. 禁止…做某事
Mobile phonesmust be banned from schools. 應該禁止帶手機進入學校。
The policemanbanned him from driving.
警察禁止他開車。
5. a TV programme showed his visits to theschool. 一個電視節目播放了他的這次學校之行。
(這里visit是名詞，後面的to the school是定語)
6. get/have sth. done 把某物給…了
get things done 把事情做了。
I』ll have/get my computerrepaired.
我要把電腦給修了。
7. put on weight 增加體重
loseweight 減肥
8. in order todo sth. 為了…
What do yousometimes have to do in order to get fit?
有時候你不得不做什麼來健身呢?
whose引導的定從
當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系時，就用whose引導定從。如：
There is a boy in our team.
The boy』s parents want him to go to a
sports school.
--- There is a boy in our team whoseparents want him to go to a sports school.
通常包含whose引導的定從的句子可以
譯成兩句漢語。如以上句子可以譯成：
在我們隊里有個男孩，他的父母想讓他參加體校。
先行詞是人是物都可以用whose引導，如：
1)He is the only student in our class
whose father is a policeman.
他是我們班唯一一個爸爸是警察的學生。
2)The desk whose leg is broken will
be repaired.
那張斷了只腳的桌子將被拿去修理。
Mole 11
數字的寫法和讀法
1.1—10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
2. 11—20
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
3. 幾十
twenty thirty forty fifty
sixty seventy eighty ninety
注意：four要去掉u再加ty; nine直接加ty
只有變為序數詞時nine要去e加th.
4. 幾十幾
注意：十位數和十位數之間要加連字元
twenty-six ninety-seven
5. 百位數和十位數之間可以加and也可以不加。當十位數為零時，一定要加and
156 one hundred (and) fifty-six
509 five hundred and nine
6. 英語里每三個數為一個單位，用一個逗號隔開。第一個逗號為thousand(千);第二個逗號為million(百萬);第三個逗號為billion(十億)。如：
7. 表示具體數字時，hundred,thousand million,billion不能加s;表達一個大概的數字時，可以加s fivethousand students 五千個學生 thousandsof students 好幾千個學生
8. 序數詞的構成;在基數詞後加th
特殊變化的序數詞： first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth
9. 整十的數字把y改為ie再加th twentieth fiftieth
10. 幾十幾的數字只用把個位數變成序數詞 twenty-first sixty-fourth
11.分數的表達：
分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞。
當分子大於1時，分母要復數。
1/3 one third
1/2 a half
1/4 one fourth = a quarter
3/10 threetenths
Mole11 Unit 1
1. What』s the population of…?
某地的人口有多少?
Thepopulation is big/large.
人口多。
(注意：形容人口多不能用many來修飾population;people才能用many來修飾)
2. along with = togetherwith
連同，與…在一起
Tintinhas been to many places along with his dog.
3. look up 查看，查(字典)
I』ll lookup the word in the dictionary.
4. comp up 出現，進行
He cameup at last.
最後他出現了。
Thesports meeting will come up next month.
下個月將進行運動會。
5. thanks to 多虧
Thanksto the policeman, the boy was found.
多虧了警察，孩子被找到了。
thanksto = because of 由於
Unit 2
1. over + 時間 表示「在…期間」
overthe last 50 years 在上個50年間
over the past 10 years 在過去的10年間
2. in the distance 在遠處
3. be close to … 靠近…
4. no + 單數名詞= not a +單數名詞
No + 復數名詞 = not any + 復數名詞
Thereis no student in the classroom.
= Thereisn』t a student in the classroom.
Thereare no clouds in the sky.
= Therearen』t any clouds in the sky.
5. room 作可數名詞時表示「房間」
作不可數名詞時表示「空間」
Thereare 3 rooms in my house.
我家有3間房。
Thereis little room for the desk.
沒有空間來放這張桌子了。
6. close down 關閉，倒閉
7. add to 增加
8. run 可以表示「經營，管理」
runa company 經營一個公司
run acity 管理一個城市
9. protect … from …
保護…不受…(的侵害)
protect people fromcrime
保護人民不受不法活動的侵害
Mole12 Unit 1
1. give a warm welcome to sb.
熱烈歡迎某人
welcome 既可以做動詞也可以做名詞
Let』s welcome Tomto our class.
2. be pleased/happy to do sth.
高興去做某事
3. as a pupil = when I was a pupil
當我是個學生的時候
4. my time here was very important.
我在這里的時間是非常重要的。
句中的here作定語，修飾time，要後置。
The people thereare very friendly.
那裡的人們很友善。
5. free adj. 自由的，有空的，免費的
The bird is free inthe sky.
鳥兒在天空很自由。
Are you free thisSunday?
這個星期天你有空嗎?
The food there is free.
那裡的食物是免費的。
6. each 表示「每個」
做形容詞時等於every，但each 強調「個體」，every 強調「整體」。如：
Each/Everystudent has an English book.
每個學生都有一本英語書。
(用every student 表達相當於 all the students )
each還可以作副詞，不能用every替代。如：
They earned 100dollars each.
他們每人賺了100美元。
7.watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事
Unit 2
1. experience n. 經驗(u.n.)，經歷(c.n.)
experience v. 體驗
experienced adj. 有經驗的
He has much experiencein teaching.
他有豐富的教學經驗。
Please tell me your experiencesin Africa.
請告訴我你在非洲的經歷。
Have you ever experiencedpoorness?
你有沒有經歷過貧窮?
He is an experiencedteacher.
他是一個有經驗的教師。
2. up to + 數字 直到，至多
We can invite up to 20people.
我們可以邀請至多20個人。
3. progress 進展(不可數名詞)
makeprogress with/in sth.
在某方面取得進步
I』ve made progresswith/in English.
我的英語已經有了進步。
4. take place 發生, 進行(沒有被動語態)
The story took place on acold winter morning.
這個故事發生在一個寒冷的冬天的早上。
The training course will takeplace next week.
這個培訓課程下周開始。
5. choose to do sth. 選擇去做某事
6. a place of interest
名勝(在place這里變復數)
Howmany places of interest have you been to?
你去過多少個名勝了?
7. fill in 填寫
fill in the blanks 填空
fill in the form 填表
fill sth. with sth. 用…裝滿…
8. where 引導的定從
當先行詞在定從中做地點狀語時，用where來引導。where = 介詞+which。如：
Do you know the factory whereyour father works?
= Do you know the factory whichyour father works in?
你知道你爸爸工作的工廠嗎?

㈡ 英語仁愛九年級上的知識點和語法

I like music that Ican dance to.
【教學目標】1.會表達自己的喜好(Learn to expresspreferences)
2.習使用定語從句(Practice using theAttributive Clause)
3.練習使用本單元的目標英語(Practice using thetarget language.
【單元內容概述】一.單詞。1.名詞類:
lyric(歌詞;抒情詞句);fisherman;entertainment;feature;wife;
photograph;photography;photographer;
exhibition;gallery(美術館;畫廊);show;display;
class(等級;類別);official;energy;Italian;Indian;weight;
figure(統計)數字;potato;chip;chocolate;sugar;coke;
2.動詞類:prefer;display;interest;suggest;
suit;expect;release;double;spoil(寵愛;溺愛)
3.形容詞類:gentle;known;honest;Italian;Indian;overweight;fresh
4.副詞類:roughly(粗略地;大體上)
二.片語和短語(Key Phrases)
Yellow River黃河remind …of…提醒;使……記起
on display/show展覽;陳列catch up趕上;跟上
sing along with和著……一起唱dance to伴著……跳舞
different kinds of不同種類的be sure to一定
[pic00000.bmp]她最珍愛的照片
[pic00001.bmp]在一個星期一的上午
prefer…to…喜歡……勝過……become overweight變得過重
10 percent百分之十release a healthsurvey發布一項健康調查
in different ways以不同的方式;在不同的方面
三.目標語言(Target Language)
1.—What kind ofmusic do you like?
【重、難點講解】一.重點詞彙
1.prefer v.(1)prefer=like sth.better,單獨使用時.其用法與like相同。例如:
I perfer walkingalone.我比較喜歡一個人溜達.(prefer doing)
She prefers to bealone.她寧願獨自一個人.(prefer to do)
I prefer my coffeeblack.我愛喝不加奶的咖啡.(prefer sth.)
prefer sb.to do sth.
Their father prefersthem to be homeearly.他們的父親希望他們早回家.
prefer sth.prefer doingprefer to doprefer sb.to do sth.
(2)prefer…to…(=choose sth.ratherthan sth else;
like sth.betterthan…)是一個固定短語,意為「寧願選擇……而不願選擇;跟……比起來更喜歡…….
例如:He prefers tea tocoffee.他喜歡茶勝過咖啡.(prefer sth.to sth.)
I prefer walking tocycling.我願意步行,不願意騎自行車.(prefer doingsth.to doing sth.)
(3)prefer to…ratherthan…寧願做……而不願做……
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
我寧願呆在家裡,也不願意去看那個電影.
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
The heroine preferredto die rahther thansurrender.女英雄寧死不屈.
2.interest v.引起……的關注;使……感興趣
interest v.(=cause one to givehis/her attentionto sth.)
提示:(1)interest還可以用作名詞,指「興趣;好奇心;關心」。
eg.Now,he's grown up
他已經長大了,對集郵不再感興趣了,完全失去興趣了。
(2)interestedadj.「(對某人或某事物)感興趣的;關心的」
interestingadj.「有趣的;引起興趣的」
I tried to tell himabout it,but he justwasn't interested.我想把這件事告訴他,可他簡直不感興趣。
[pic00013.bmp]
那位老人很有趣,並且對任何事情感興趣。
3.expect. 預計;預料;期待;盼望
expect. v.(thinkor believe thatsth.will happen orthat sb/sth willcome)
expect的常用搭配為:(1)expect sth(from sb.)
eg.This is the parcelwhich we have beenexpecting(from New York).
這是我們一直在期待底(從紐約來的)郵包。
I was expecting apresent from her,soI was disappointed Ididn't receive one.
我原來一直盼望著收到她送的禮物,所以因得不到而失望。
(2)expected to do sth.
eg.You can't expect tolearn a foreignlanguage in a week.
不要指望一個星期就能學會一門外語。
(3)expect sb.to dosth.
eg.We expected him toarrive yesterday.我們原以為他昨天能到。
I expect you to behere on time.我要求你准時到這兒。
You'll be expectedto work on Saturdays.你們星期六要上班。
(4)expect+that-clause
eg.I expect (that) Iwill be back onSunday.我預計星期日回來。
You would expectedthat there would bestrong disagreementabout this.
你可以料到此事會有嚴重分歧。
注意: expect還有「料想;認為;猜想」等含義,相當於think,suppose.
eg.「Who has eaten allthe cakes?」「Tom,Iexpect.(I expectthat it was Tom).」
「誰把蛋糕都吃光了?」「我想是湯姆[大概是湯姆]吧。
「Will you need help?」「I don't expect so.」「你需要幫忙嗎?」「我想不必了」
「Will he be late?」「 I expect so.」「他會遲到嗎?」 「我想會的。」
4.remind sb. of sth.(=cause sb.toremember sth)提醒;使……記起
He reminds me of hisbrother.我見到他便回想起了他的哥哥.
This song reminds meof France.我一聽到這首歌就想起了法國.
5.catch up趕上;跟上
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.趕上某人;達到與某人相同的境界.
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.=reach sbwho is ahead;reachthe same stage as sb.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
你先走,我很快就會趕上你.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
他因病一學期未上課,得努力趕上(其他同學).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.但是,它的確有幾個好特點.
(1) 該句中,does是用來強調,表示 「真的;的確」.
除了does外,我們還可以根據時態和人稱的需要,用do和did來表示強調.又如:
He does study hard.(比He studies hard.要強烈.)
We did come hereyesterday.(比We came hereyesterday.要強烈)
They do give me alot of help.(比They give me alot of help.要強烈)
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.
(2)在口語中,though可以用作副詞,相當於however,放用在句末:
eg.I expect you areright—I'll ask him,though.我認為你說得對—我去問問他們也好.
She promised tophone.I heardnothing,though.他答應要打點話來.可我沒聽到回信兒.
二.重點語法 (一)疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構英語有個很有用的結構,就是:
疑問詞+不定式動詞(question word+to-infinitive)。
疑問詞是疑問代詞「who,whom,what,which,whose」和疑問副詞「when,where,how,why」。
此外,此外,連接詞「whether」也適用。
例句:I don't know what totry next.I'm not sure what toexpect.
「疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五種:
1.當主語,如:
When to hold themeeting has not yetbeen decided.Where to live is aproblem.
2.當賓語,如:
We must know what tosay at a meeting.
He could not tellwhom to trust.
Do you know how toplay bridge?
3.當補足語,如:
The problem is whereto find thefinancial aid.The question is whoto elect.
4.當名詞同位語,如:
Tom had no ideawhich book to readfirst.
Do you have a roughimpression how to doit?
5.當賓語補足語,如:
Jim is not surewhose to choose.
Mary and John arenot certain whetherto get married ornot.
適用於「疑問詞+不定式動詞」的動詞包括:
「know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,
imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand」等。
值得特別注意的是:當這結構當賓語時,它的作用等於名詞從句,例如:
I could not decidewhich dictonary tobuy.
=I could notdecide whichdictionary I shouldbuy.
Jack did not knowwhere to find such agood teacher.
=Jack did not knowwhere he could findsuch a good teacher.
有些動詞,如「ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach」等,
可以先有個賓語,然後才接著加上適當的「疑問詞+不定式動詞」 結構。例如:
The chief engineershowed them how torepair the machine.
Have you told himwhere to get theapplication form?
綜上所述,可見「疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構是個形象清新,
既容易用又不容易出錯的特別結構,可以多多運用。
(二)語從句(Attributive Clauses)
定語從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞叫先行詞。
定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。關系代詞有:
who,whom,whose,that,which等。關系副詞有:when,where,why等。
例如:I like music that Ican dance to.
I love singers whowrite their ownmusic.
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。
關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
(1)who,whom,that 這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to seeyou? 他就是你想見的人嗎?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
(2)Whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如:
They rushed over tohelp the man whosecar had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me thebook whose(ofwhich) cover isgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
(3)which,that 它們所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never beenseen before appearsin the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在句中作主語)
The package (which/that)you arecarrying is aboutto come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作賓語)
(1)when,where,why 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
關系副詞when,where,why的含義相當於"介詞+which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+which"結構交替使用,
例如: I still remember theday when (on which)I first came here.
我至今還記得我初來咋到的那一天.
Beijing is the placewhere (in which) Iwas born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reasonwhy (for which) herefused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

㈢ 九年級英語的一些句型和語法

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。

否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
 一、被動語態的句式變化： 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態的句式變化：

二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下： 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的，be是什麼時態，全句就是什麼時態，be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：我們學過的was / were born 生於，就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰，不用by＋動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
（2）強調動作的承受者，這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
（3）作客觀說明時，常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變為主語（2）動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by後面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．

Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。

Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√

1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區別

 

2．定語從句中關系詞的省略

 

Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被動語態
被動語態基本用法：當句子的主語是動作的執行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態。被動語態由助動詞be+過去分詞構成，時態通過be表現出來。
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
各種時態的被動語態構成
一般現在時：S（主語）+am/is /are +P.P（動詞的過去分詞）
一般過去時：S+was/were +P.P.
情態動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般將來時：S+ will+be+ P.P.
現在進行時：S+am/is /are+being +P.P
現在完成時：S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
過去進行時：S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞
(如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
被動語態中的be 是助動詞，有人稱、數和時態的變化。
被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by 表示「由，被」的意思
漢語中含有「據說」、「據悉」、「有人說」、「大家說」等時。例如：
It is believed that …… 人們認為 …… It is said that …… 據說 ……
It is thought that …… 人們認為 …… It is known that …… 眾所周知 ……
It is reported that ……據報道 …… It is proved that ……據證明 ……
It is announced that ……據宣布 …… It is suggested that ……據建議 ……
It is requested that ……據要求 …… It is demanded that ……據要求 ……

Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 過去完成時
(1) 構成：由助動詞had + 過去分詞 構成
否定式：had not + 過去分詞 縮寫形式：hadn』t
(2) 用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了
的動作。
(3) 它所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。
①表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示
③還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
當我到達那裡時，你已經開始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到達這里時，汽車已經離開了
典型題例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此題應該選用D項。從「He said he had never seen that film before 」中
可知是過去完成時態，而從「 Instead,」中可以知道與前面的賓語從句是並列的內容，故應該選用「had read」。
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此題應該選用B項。從「for a while 」中可知要用完成時態的持續性動
詞連接，而從「when they got to the station. 」中可以知道過去時間點以前的事情，應該用故應該選用「had been away 」。
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此題應該選用B項。從「I received a book 」中可知與動詞「order 」的
前後關系，應該是在「收到書以前已經預訂了」，故應該用「order」的過去完成時態結構表示「過去的過去」這一概念。故應該選用「had ordered」。
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此題應該選用C項。從「 …since he came back from the school.」中可知前面的主句是完成時態，但是從「The boy told his mother 」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，，故應該選用「had been」。
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此題應該選用B項。從「already 」中可知是完成時態，但是從「 When we got to the field」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，故應該選用「had started 」。

㈣ 九年級英語基本語法知識

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激，於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作「被」、「由」等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即「許多人講英語。」） 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」，常做插入語。如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後，越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing，相當於名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）★作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化，to後面接動詞原形。 否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語，而用didn』t ＋ 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作， 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用，描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員，但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態，人稱和數的變化，其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
 一、被動語態的句式變化：
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種，真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中，才用虛擬語氣，而在真實條件句中，要用陳述語氣。
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好，我們將會去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的，並非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實條件句。在本句中，適用「主將從現。」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，「如果我是你」，但事實上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設的情況，沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時，從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」，引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時，be動詞只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦？」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞長可省略，但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時，介詞後只用whom，指物時，介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用who，指物時，只用which。Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動詞和副詞之間，也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞，後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被動語態
被動語態基本用法：當句子的主語是動作的執行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態。被動語態由助動詞be+過去分詞構成，時態通過be表現出來。
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
各種時態的被動語態構成
一般現在時：S（主語）+am/is /are +P.P（動詞的過去分詞）
一般過去時：S+was/were +P.P.
情態動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般將來時：S+ will+be+ P.P.
現在進行時：S+am/is /are+being +P.P
現在完成時：S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
過去進行時：S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞
(如果是不用物動詞，其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
被動語態中的be 是助動詞，有人稱、數和時態的變化。
被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by 表示「由，被」的意思
漢語中含有「據說」、「據悉」、「有人說」、「大家說」等時。例如：
It is believed that …… 人們認為 …… It is said that …… 據說 ……
It is thought that …… 人們認為 …… It is known that …… 眾所周知 ……
It is reported that ……據報道 …… It is proved that ……據證明 ……
It is announced that ……據宣布 …… It is suggested that ……據建議 ……
It is requested that ……據要求 …… It is demanded that ……據要求 ……
典型例題
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此題應該選用D項。從「 These eggs… 」中可知前面的主語是「find」動詞的承受者，而 「…by a group of scientists.」更加證明了這一點，「 were founded」意思為「被成立」，故應該選用「were found」。
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此題應該選用D項。從「by my father 」中可知前面的主語是「give」動詞的承受者，而 「… . every year」證明了要用現在時態的被動語態結構，故應該選用「am given」。
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此題應該選用C項。從「He was… 」中可知前面的主語是「hear 」動詞的承受者，而 動詞不定式當中的「hear sb do sth」在被動語態中要加「to 」，故應該選用「heard to sing」。
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此題應該選用A項。從「…by China in the last few years. 」中可知前面的主語是「 send up」動詞的承受者，而 「in the last few years.」意思為「在過去的幾年中」，應該用完成時態， 而不是過去時態，故應該選用「have been sent up」。
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此題應該選用C項。從「…next year. 」中可知是將來時態，而前面的主語是「 Another new road」是「 build」動詞的承受者，故應該選用「 will be built」。
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 過去完成時
(1) 構成：由助動詞had + 過去分詞 構成
否定式：had not + 過去分詞 縮寫形式：hadn』t
(2) 用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了
的動作。
(3) 它所表示的時間是「過去的過去」。
①表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示
③還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
當我到達那裡時，你已經開始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到達這里時，汽車已經離開了
典型題例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此題應該選用D項。從「He said he had never seen that film before 」中
可知是過去完成時態，而從「 Instead,」中可以知道與前面的賓語從句是並列的內容，故應該選用「had read」。
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此題應該選用B項。從「for a while 」中可知要用完成時態的持續性動
詞連接，而從「when they got to the station. 」中可以知道過去時間點以前的事情，應該用故應該選用「had been away 」。
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此題應該選用B項。從「I received a book 」中可知與動詞「order 」的
前後關系，應該是在「收到書以前已經預訂了」，故應該用「order」的過去完成時態結構表示「過去的過去」這一概念。故應該選用「had ordered」。
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此題應該選用C項。從「 …since he came back from the school.」中可知前面的主句是完成時態，但是從「The boy told his mother 」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，，故應該選用「had been」。
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此題應該選用B項。從「already 」中可知是完成時態，但是從「 When we got to the field」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態，故應該選用「had started 」。
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?
1、賓語從句
A.賓語從句：賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導賓語從句的關聯詞有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、連接詞
1)由連接詞that引導陳述句，在口語中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由連接詞whether/if引導一般疑問句，whether和if 常可互換，但下列場合一般用whether.
①介詞後的賓語從句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②與or not連用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由連接代詞what, who(whom，whose)which或連接副詞when, where, why，how引導特殊疑問句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、語序：
不管賓語從句是陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，都要用陳述句語序，也就是說主謂次序不能顛倒。連接詞＋主謂結構
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、時態：
一般說來，主從句時態要統一。如果主句是一般現在時，從句可根據需要用其它任何時態；如果主句是一般過去時，從句應該用相應的過去時態范疇（也就是用一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果從句表明的是一個客觀事實或真理，那麼無論主句是什麼時態，從句都只能用一般現在時。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意：在think後的賓語從句，如果需要表示否定意義，一般不在賓語從句中否定，而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don』t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 誤)
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
請你告訴我怎麼才能去郵局好嗎？中的how to get to the park
是疑問詞與動詞不定式連用，用作賓語，但不是賓語從句，可是
相當於how I can get to the park（賓語從句）如：
I don』t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don』t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解決這個問題
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開？

Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.
should have asked」是「情態動詞＋現在完成時」表示過去本應該做某事，事實上沒有做
I find it difficult to remember everything.

形式賓語 真正賓語

常見的形式賓語有：
find / think + it/them +形容詞 to do sth. 如：
I think it hard to study English.
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人（感到），使……處於某種狀態
（make的賓語之後可跟名詞，形容詞，分詞來充當賓語的補足語）
make sb. / sth. + do …使某人做某事（不能帶不定式符號to）
make it 習慣用語，及時趕到，到達目的地
make of /from./out of
★Make of 原材料製成成品後，原材料未經任何化學變化，仍保持原有性質. 例如： The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.★Make from 當原材料製成成品後，經過了化學變化，失去了原有性質.
make up of 常用於被動結構：be made up of相當於consist of（由…組成） make up from 由…所製造
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
現在完成時是由「助動詞have（has）+動詞過去分詞」構成。
用法: 1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等連用,也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語,如these days, today, this year, so far等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已經不在我這兒了)
★注意：在這里要注意already和yet的辨析:
★①already通常用於肯定句。 I have already told him.我已經告訴他了.  I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已經把它放進我的手提箱了.
★②yet常用於疑問句和否定句。 ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你澆樹了嗎?  ----Yes，I have already watered it. 我澆了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂過狗了嗎?  ----No. I haven』t fed it yet.沒有，我沒喂. 2.表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,一直持續到現在,也許還將繼續下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續性動詞.
解析： 1.英語動詞根據詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示動作的發生與結束於一瞬間完成,不能再延續,所以它的現在完成時不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導的特殊疑問句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.終止性動詞要表示持續時, 可用以下方法:
⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.
eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應的狀態動詞或延續性動詞
★常見終止性動詞與延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)的對應關系如下：
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.現在完成時中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經歷,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等連用.
4.現在完成時中的 for 與 since
for + 時間段 與延續性動詞的現在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導的從句中動詞用過去時
2.when 引導 的特殊問句不與現在完成時連用.
3.have got,has got 雖然是現在完成時,但have got=have has got==has

㈤ 人教版初中英語九年級語法知識點

UNIT 1：介詞by的常見用法
V-ING形式
UNIT 2：used to的用法
UNIT 3：含有情態動詞的被動句式版
UNIT 4：虛擬語氣
UNIT 5：情態動詞表推測權
UNIT 6：關系代詞的用法
UNIT 7：would like的用法
UNIT 8：短語動詞
UNIT 9：被動語態
UNIT 10：過去完成時
UNIT 11：賓語從句
UNIT 12：be supposed to的用法
UNIT 13：make的用法
UNIT 14：現在完成時
UNIT 15：時態復習

㈥ 新目標英語九年級上所有要教的 語法 知識點（不用講解，我只要個目錄就行了） 要求語法全面一點

Unit 1
一：知識點
1.Check in : 在旅館的登記入住。 Check out: 在旅館結賬離開。
2.By: ①通過…..方式（途徑）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁邊。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……為止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
3. what about doing sth：…怎麼樣？
4.aloud， loud ，loudly 均可做副詞。
aloud 出聲地 大聲地 多與read 、speak連用
例如：read aloud 朗讀 speak aloud說出聲來
loud 大聲地 響亮地 loudly 高聲地 多指喧鬧聲和不悅耳的聲音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鳥鳴。 sound 指人可以聽到的各種聲音。 noise 指噪音、吵鬧聲
6. find + 賓語 + 賓補（名詞形容詞介詞短語 分詞等）
例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed.
7. 常見的系動詞有： ①是：am 、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay ③ 轉變：become、 get、 turn ④ ……起來 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 賓語 + 賓補（形容詞過去分詞動詞不定式） 使某種情況發生
例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦乾凈 Get Mr. Green to come. 讓格林先生進來
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行車
You can』t get him waiting. 你不能讓他老等著
9. 動詞不定式做定語
①與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關系
The next train to arrive was fromNew York. He is always the first to come.
②與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don』t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名詞為不可數名詞 11. add 補充說 又說
12. join 加入某團體 並成為其中一員 attend 出席參加會議或講座
join in與take part in指參加到某項活動中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every復合詞與not連用構成部分否定。其完全否定為：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕擔心，表示委婉語氣
15.either ①放在否定句末表示「也」 ②兩者中的「任一」
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引導主語部分，謂語動詞按照就近原則處理
16.complete完成，是個較正式的詞，後不能接動名詞 finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 與序數詞連用表示「又一」，「再一」。
例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻煩，困難
19.unless 除非，如果不，等於「if not」本身就表示否定，引導條件狀語從句，主句為將來時，條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示將來。
例：My baby sister doesn』t cry unless she』s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn』t cry if she isn』t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you』ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的話，你會出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替，更換。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我們沒有咖啡了，改喝茶好嗎？
Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯圖爾病了，所以換了我去。
instead of 作為某人或某事物的替換
例：Let』s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口頭的，口語的。 Speaking 講話的，說某種語言的。
二，短語：
1.by making flashcards 通過做單詞抽認卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗讀 4.that way (=in that way) 通過那種方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的會話技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高興
8.have conversations with friends 與朋友對話
9.get excited 高興，激動
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以說漢語結束對話
11.do a survey about… 做有關…的調查 12.keep an English notebook 記英語筆記13.spoken English (= oral English) 英語口語 14.make mistakes 犯錯誤
15.get the pronunciation right 使發音準確
16.practise speaking English 練習說英語 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以…開始 19.later on 隨後
20.in class在課堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 記筆記 23.enjoy doing 喜歡干…
24.write down 寫下，記下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查詢 26.native speakers 說本族話的人
27.make up 編造，虛構，化妝，打扮 28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 對待，處理，解決 30.worry about (be worried about) 擔心，擔憂
31.be angry with 生某人的氣 32.stay angry 生氣
33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…當做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…變成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的幫助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比較
39.think of (think about) 想起，想到 40.physical problems身體上的問題
41.break off 中斷，突然終止 42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
三，句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試做准備？
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那種方法，我已經學到了很多東西。
3.It』s too hard to understand the voice. 聽懂那些聲音太難了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.記流行歌曲的詞也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 衛明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他覺得看電影讓人感到沮喪.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又說和朋友對話根本沒用。
8.I don』t have a partner to practice English with. 我沒有搭檔一起練習英語。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn』t matter if you don』t understand every word.隨後，我認識到聽不懂每個詞並沒有關系。
10.It』s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異於這些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 給老師留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很難造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什麼？
14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英語對於大多數人來說是第二語言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我們怎樣處理我們的問題？
16.It is our ty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our ecation with the help of our teachers. 在老師的幫助下盡我們最大的努力來應對挑戰是我們的責任。
He can』t walk or even speak.他無法走路，甚至無法說話
Unit 2
一. 知識點
1. used to 過去常常做某事,暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形.
否定形式為: didn』t use to 或 usedn』t to 疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 習慣於, to 為介詞.
2. wear 表示狀態. put on 表示動作. dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.
4. Don』t you remember me? 否定疑問句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don』t 是的, 我不記得了.
5. 反意疑問句:
① 陳述部分的主語為 this, that, 疑問部分主語用it; 陳述部分主語用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語.
例: This is a new story, isn』t it? Those are your parents, aren』t they?
② 陳述部分是 there be 結構, 疑問部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn』t there?
③ I am 後的疑問句, 用aren』t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren』t I?
④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時,疑問部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn』t they?
但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或後綴的單詞時, 這個句子仍視為肯定, 後面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn』t she?
⑤ 陳述部分的主語若為不定式或 V-ing 短語, 疑問部分主語用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn』t it?
⑥ 陳述句中主語是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語; 若陳述部分主語是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分用it 做主語.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn』t it?
⑦ 當主語是第一人稱I時, 若謂動為think, believe, guess 等詞時, 且其後跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱, 時態要與賓語從句保持一致, 同時還要考慮否定轉移.
例: I don』t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 後用 will you? (let』s 開頭時, 後用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It』s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時間.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 對的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn』t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光.
13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段時間 ring the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短語
1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣.2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 體操課.5. worry about. 擔心.
6. all the time 一直, 總是7. chat with 與…閑聊8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩
12. make a decision 做出決定 13. to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最後, 終於
19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的

㈦ 新目標英語九年級上冊重點語法有哪些

Unit1
1. 聽古典音樂 listen to classical music
2. 向老師尋求幫助 ask the teacher for help
3. 為考試學習 study for a test?
4. 通過和小組學習 by studying with a group.
5. 大聲朗讀怎麼樣？What\How about reading aloud?
8. 練習發音 practice pronouncing
9. 說話技能 speaking skills
10.問某人關於。。。的情況 ask sb about sth
11.問到有關學習語法的事 ask about studying grammar
15. 感覺不同 feel differently
16. 發現看電影是令人沮喪 find watching movies frustration
17. 觀看演員說話 watch the actors say the words
18. 說得太快 speak too quickly
19. 一點也不 not … at all
20．一點也沒有幫助 be not helpful at all
don』t help at all
21．對於。。。感到激動 get excited about sth
22．最後以說漢語結束 end up speaking in Chinese
23．做一個關於學英語的調查 do a survey about studying English
25．英語口語 spoken English
26．在語法方面出現錯誤 make mistakes in grammar
27．慢慢地讀 read slowly
28．我不知道如何使用逗號。how to use commas.
29．使發音正確 get the pronunciation right
30．挑戰之一 one of the challenges
31．獲得很多的寫作訓練 get much writing practice
32．在雜志中 in magazines
33．解決問題的辦法 solutions to the problems
34．為什麼不加入英語俱樂部呢？Why not join the English club?
Why don』t you join the English club?
36．首先 first of all
37．後來 later on
35．我沒有練習英語的夥伴。I don』t have a partner to practice English with.
39．害怕在課堂上發言be afraid of speaking in class
40．不要嘲笑我。Don』t laugh at me.
41．沒關系。It doesn』t matter.
43．我也不知道 I don』t know, either.
44．做某事的秘訣之一 one of the secrets of doing sth
46．記筆記 take notes
48．做某事有困難（四個）have trouble doing sth
have difficulty doing sth
have problems doing sth
have a hard time doing sth
49．把它們寫下 write them down
51．在字典中把它查出來
look them up in a dictionary
feels soft.
摸起來很軟。
53．編一個對話 make up a conversation
54．作為第二語言 as a second language
56．我們如何處理我們的問題？
How do we deal with our problems?
57．同義句
What do we do with our problems?
60．和某人生氣 be angry with sb
61．通過學會忘記 by learning to forget
62．一個不公正的女孩 an unfair girl
67．解決一個問題 solve a problem
68．把。。。當作。。。regard…as
70．抱怨某事 complain about sth
71．對某人要求嚴格 be strict with sth
72．對某事要求嚴格 be strict in sth
74．把。。。變成。。。change … into…
77．做。。。是某人的職責
It』s one』s ty to do sth.
78．盡他們最大的努力做某事
try their best to do sth
79．在老師的幫助下
with the help of the teacher
80．把A比作B compare A to B
81．把A和B相比較 compare A with B
82．例如 for example
84．讓我們面臨挑戰吧。
Let』s face the challenges.
85．一個士兵 a soldier
86．中斷友誼 break off a friendship
89．加入英語俱樂部
Joining the English club
98．一個發展中國家 a developing country
99．一個發達國家 a developed country
95．發現學英語是困難的
find learning English difficult
91．記英語筆記 keep an English note
92．對某人來說做。。。是容易的。
It』s easy for sb to do sth

Unit2
我過去起床很晚。I used to get up late.
我習慣於早起。
I am used to getting up early.
等一會兒 wait a minute
你過去彈鋼琴嗎？
Did you use to play the piano?
我對學英語感興趣。
I am interested in studying English.
她喜歡踢足球。I like playing soccer.
我在游泳隊。I am on the soccer team.
我是游泳隊的一員。
I am a member of the soccer team.
人們確實改變。People sure change.
他過去害怕黑暗。
He used to be afraid of the dark.
害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth
害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth
一個寂寞的男孩 a lonely boy
感覺寂寞 feel lonely
獨自呆在家裡 stay alone at home
坐飛機飛行 fly in an airplane
上飛機 get on the plane
下飛機 get out of the plane
在黑暗中 in the dark
在夜晚 in the evening
在一群人面前
in front of a group of people
睡覺時卧室的燈是開著的
go to bed with the bedroom light on
通過電視看比賽
watch the match on TV
蜘蛛和其他的昆蟲
spiders and other insects
還有什麼
what else / what other things
害怕體育課
be afraid of / be terrified of gym class
我不擔心考試。
I don』t worry about the tests.
一直，總是 all the time
吃糖 eat candy
嚼口香糖 chew gum
我最大的問題就是我太忙了。
My biggest problem is that I』m too busy.
忙於做某事 be busy doing sth
忙於某事 be busy with sth
如此多的時間 so much time
如此多的規矩 so many rules
這些天 these days
直接回家 go right home
吃晚飯 eat dinner
花費時間/金錢做某事
(spend) spend time/money doing sth
在某事上花費時間/金錢
(spend) spend time / money on sth
做某事花費某人一些時間(take)It takes sb some time to do sth
eat 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 eat—ate—eaten --eating
不再 no longer / no more / not …any longer/ not …any more
整天 all day
和某人聊天 chat with sb
chat 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
帶我去音樂會 take me to concerts
我有做作業的時間
I have time to do my homework.
同義句 I have time for homework.
我有買車的錢
I have money to buy a car.
同義句 I have money for a car.
懷念過去的日子 miss the old days
在過去幾年中我的生活改變很多。
My life has changed a lot in the last/ past few years.
在過去50年中中國發生很多變化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the last / past 50 years.
我的日常生活與你的不同。
My daily life is different from yours.
介意做某事 mind doing sth
你介意我在這吸煙嗎？
Would you mind my smoking here?
我喜歡讀漫畫。
I like reading comics.
不要如此擔心事情。
Don』t worry about things so much.
這會讓你有壓力。
It will make you stressed out.
我的朋友搬到另外一個城鎮去了。My friend moved to another town.
受感動（兩個）
be moved / be impressed
我把頭發留長了。
I grow my hair long.
她似乎很年輕。
She seems to be young
同義句 She seems young.
同義句 It seems that she is young.
她似乎知道每件事。
She seems to know everything.
同義句
It seems that she knows everything.
一個十一歲的男孩
an eleven-year-old boy
支付。。。 pay for (pay--paid—paid)
我支付不起這個房子。
I can』t afford the house.
同義句
I can』t afford to pay for the house.
為他自己和家人惹麻煩 cause trouble / problems for himself and his family
陷入麻煩 get into trouble
處於麻煩中 be in trouble
擺脫麻煩 get out of trouble
對某人有耐心 be patient with sb
最後 in the end
做一個艱難的決定
make a difficult decision
決定做某事 decide to do sth
把他送到一個男子寄宿學校
send him to a boys』 boarding school
send 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 send—sent—sent—sending
使某人吃驚的是 to one』s surprise
那就是我確實想要的。
It was exactly what I needed.
即使他很窮，他也很快樂。
Even though he is poor, he is happy.
以。。。為驕傲 （兩個）
take pride in / be proud of
他已經死了兩年了。
He has been dead for two years.
他兩年前死了。
He died two years ago.
他的死讓我們難過。
His death made us sad.
那條狗快死了。The dog is dying.
注意你的發音
pay attention to your pronunciation
班級中最好的學生之一
one of the best students in the class
對自己感覺好
feel good about oneself
對某人來說做。。。是重要的。
It』s important for sb to do sth
在那裡支持著他們的孩子
be there for their children
放棄做某事 give up doing sth
把它放棄 give it up
別浪費時間。Don』t waste time.
改變某人的想法
change one』s mind
正如Martin自己說的
as Martin himself says
他的媽媽盡可能好地照顧他。
His mother looked after him as much as she could.
和他媽媽的最近一次談話
a recent conversation with his mother
改變某人的生活 change one』s life
畫畫 paint a picture
她過去恐高。
She used to be afraid high places.
你過去很矮，是不是？
You used to be short, didn』t you?

祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)