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非謂語動詞語法英語解釋

發布時間:2021-01-17 17:59:58

❶ 英語語法裡面什麼是非謂語動詞

簡單點來說就是:一個句子裡面已經有一個謂語(通常是動詞)然後又出現一個動詞(包括be動詞)那麼這個動詞就是非謂語。

❷ 英語非謂語動詞語法該怎麼做

一、不定式的語法功能
主語:To catch the train is impossible. 要趕上那趟火車是不可能的了。
賓語:They need to look at a map. 他們需要查看地圖。
表語:My work is to clean the classroom. 我的工作是清潔教室。
定語:I have lots of work to do. 我有許多事要做。
狀語:I』m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打擾你了。
賓補:He told me to close the door. 他叫我去關門。
二、動名詞的語法功能
主語:Reading is a pleasure. 閱讀是件快樂的事。
賓語:I enjoy reading. 我喜歡閱讀。
表語:Her hobby is singing songs. 她愛好唱歌。
定語:He』s in the reading room. 他在閱覽室。
三、現在分詞的語法功能
表語:The book is very interesting. 那本書很有趣。
定語:It』s an interesting book. 這是本有趣的書。
狀語:He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那裡看報。
賓補:I saw him standing there. 我看見他站在那裡。
四、過去分詞的語法功能
表語:They were excited at the news. 聽到這個消息非常激動。
定語:There』re few minutes left. 沒幾分鍾剩下了。
狀語:Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful. 從山上看我校很美。
賓補:I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看見他被湯姆打了

❸ 關於非謂語動詞語法的詳解

在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式(the Infinitive);動名詞(the Gerund);現在分詞(the Present Participle);過去分詞(the Past Participle)。

1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有:

(1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被狀語修飾:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主動與被動, 「體」式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式)

We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式)

(4)都可以有邏輯主語

They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)

We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(現在分詞的邏輯主語)

2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有:

(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。

(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。

(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。

(二)非謂語動詞的句法功能:

二、非謂語動詞用法:

(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵。

1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之後,
例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表語:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作賓語:

常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)後面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)後置,放在賓語補足語後面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作賓語補足語:

在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定語:

動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞後。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:

①動賓關系:

I have a meeting to attend.

注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②說明所修飾名詞的內容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:

He is the first to get here.

(6)作狀語:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表結果:

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示強調:

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作獨立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的並列:第二個不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)動名詞:

動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。

1.動名詞的形式:

否定式:not + 動名詞

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。

(2)被動式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。

(4)完成被動式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。

(5)否定式:not + 動名詞

I regret not following his advice. 我後悔沒聽他的勸告。

(6)復合結構:物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。

2.動名詞的句法功能:

(1)作主語:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。

當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。

It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。

(2)作表語:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在螞蟻王國,蟻後的工作是產卵。

(3)作賓語:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我們必須阻止空氣被污染。

注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句。此外,動名詞作賓語時,若跟有賓語補足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。

要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認),deny(否認), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定語:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學校有游泳池嗎?

(5)作同位語:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未改變。

(三)現在分詞:

現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。

1、現在分詞的形式:

否定式:not + 現在分詞

(1)現在分詞的主動語態:現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,完成
式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生,常作狀語。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業,他開始打籃球。

(2)現在分詞的被動語態:一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作,完成式表示發生在謂語動
詞之前的被動的動作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告訴了好幾遍,這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。

2.現在分詞的句法功能:

(1)作定語:現在分詞作定語,當分詞單獨做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語
放在名詞後。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在後來的幾年中,他學習更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。

現在分詞作定語相當於一個定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)現在分詞作表語:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示現在進行時,也可能是現在分詞做表語,它們的區別在於be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時,而表示特徵時是系動詞be與現在分詞構成系表結構。

(3)作賓語補足語:

如下動詞後可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。

(4)現在分詞作狀語:

①作時間狀語:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。

②作原因狀語:

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由於是共青團員,他經常幫助他人。

③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家裡,又擦又洗。

④作條件狀語:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩,你就會浪費寶貴的時間。

⑤作結果狀語:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的狀語:

He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。

⑦作讓步狀語:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧與邏輯主語構成獨立主格:

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽車時,一隻鳥落到我頭上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已經賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。

有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。

⑨作獨立成分:

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

從外表看,他一定是個演員。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細心。

(四)過去分詞:

過去分詞只有一種形式:規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求,要一一記住。

過去分詞的句法功能:

1.過去分詞作定語:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。

注意當過去分詞是單詞時,一般用於名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的後面。過去分詞做定語相當於一個被動語態的定語從句。

2.過去分詞作表語:

The window is broken. 窗戶破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 過去分詞,如果表示狀態是系表結構,如果表示被動的動作是被動語態。區別:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被動)

有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(開水) fallen leaves(落葉)

newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)

the changed world(變了的世界)

這類過去分詞有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.過去分詞作賓語補足語:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。

有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。

4.過去分詞作狀語:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到鄰居們的表揚,他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。(表示讓步)

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進山洞

❹ 英語非謂語動詞怎麼理解

簡單來說,動詞的主要作用是在句子中作謂語,表示動作。但有一些動詞的形式,如不定式、動名詞、分詞,它們是動詞,但是正好不能做謂語。所以稱為非謂語動詞。

❺ 急求英語語法非謂語動詞有啥子意義和用法啊…通俗點。

非謂語動詞指不能單獨作謂語,但同時仍保留動詞某些特徵的動詞形式。內非謂語動詞主要有
不定式
,V
-ing形式容
,V-ed形式三類。它們沒有人稱和數的變化,但可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。說白了,非謂語動詞就是以上三種類型作謂語
列舉
幾個給你看。括弧內容為非謂語動詞
一.I.like.
(to.read).
detective
.stories.
二.(reading).is.an
art.
三.all.of.us.were.(moved).to.tears.at.the.sorrowful.story.

❻ 英語語法非謂語動詞

to do doing done都可以修飾名詞,修飾名詞(或者代詞)都是作定語。
用doing表示主動,專用done表示被動,例如,The high buildings built by government rises against the night sky.
由政府屬建造的大廈直插夜空。
built是done形式,修飾大廈,表示被動(大廈被政府建造)
The government building the Imperial Palace has gone.
建造故宮的清政府已經死了.
building是doing形式,修飾the government,表主動(政府建造了故宮)
另外,作定語時長的後置,短的前置。
to do 作定語,多包涵將來意味,就是你正在說這句話的時候你還沒付諸行動
l have something to do.(to do修飾代詞something,作定語)
l need someone to help me.(to help修飾代詞someone,作定語)

❼ 英語語法的非謂語動詞

您好!很高興為您解答!
由於您沒有具體指出非謂語動詞的哪種用法,以下是非謂語動詞用法小結:
1.不帶to的不定式
1)在表示生理感覺的動詞後的不定式不帶to。這類詞有:
feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到
watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知
notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽
2)另一類是某些使役動詞,如make, let,have等。
(注):
①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時.其後的不定式一般需帶to,如:
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在動詞find與help之後,不定式可帶to亦可不帶to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他發現羊在此季節越出柵欄,感到驚訝。
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結構中。例如:
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看電視別的什麼也沒有干。
但是,如果謂語動詞不是「do nothing,anything,everything」,那麼but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.醫生除了讓他戒煙,其它什麼都沒有說。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別有別的辦法。

2.with 的復合結構(作狀語或作定語)
with+ n.+ to do/ to be done (動詞不定式的動作還未進行)
with+ n.+ doing/ being done (動詞不定式的動作正在進行)
with+ n.+ done (動詞不定式的動作已經完成或指n. 所處的狀態)
1). With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.
2). He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling
3.不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
(1)現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在於兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。
1)現在分詞作狀語時,現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,它們之間的關系是主動關系。

3). With the temple being repaired, we can』t visited it.
2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間的關系是被動關系。
(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區別
1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)
2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結果或原因。
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由於在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)

❽ 英語非謂語動詞語法問題

result in中的in是介詞,後面看作是動名詞的復合結構,not making it to the marketplace 是動名詞的否定形專式作賓語,a great deal of food是動名詞的邏輯主語。英屬語中這樣的情形很多。學語法可以看 高中英語語法通霸。

❾ 英語語法問題非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞就是不做謂語的動詞 形式不一樣 它還是個動詞 只是在句中成分不一樣
比如 The man running is ugly. 這里的running 是非謂語動詞作定語 仍然是動詞

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