㈠ 初中英語語法大全
學英語一開始要學發音。英語是拼音文字，由字母組單字。英語字母共有二十六個，其中字母a、e、i、o、u是母音字母，其餘二十一個是輔音字母，其中y字母有時當母音字母用。每個字母可以有一個或一個以上的讀音，因此，英語語音共有五十個音位，音位的書寫形式是音位字母，即音標符號，一個音位字母即音標，表示一個音位，所以，必須先學習五十個KK音標，然後根據發音規則拼讀單字。下面是一些常用的發音規則。
一、輔音字母在單字中的發音一般是一對一的，如p-b、t-d、k（qu）、f-v、s-z、r、h、j、m、n、l、w就發它的本音，一般字母和音標寫法一致，或者字母名稱當中，包含了這個字母的音素。
二、有些輔音字母有多個發音。如：字母c後面接a，o，u的時候，c的發音與字母k發音相同，叫做「hard c sound」，當字母c後面接e，i，或y的時候，通常c的發音與字母s發音相同，叫做「soft c sound」 。有時在e或i前面，c會發/ʃ/音。字母g後面接a，o，u的時候，所發的音叫做「hard g sound」 ，當字母g後面接e，i，或y的時候，有時g的發音與字母j的發音相同，叫做「軟g音」。x在單詞中間或結尾時發/ks/音，在單詞中間時有時發/gz/音，在單詞起始位置時發/z/音。y在單詞起始位置時發音為輔音/j/，單詞或音節中間或結尾時被當做母音，在重讀開音節里發長母音/aɪ/，在重讀閉音節里和詞末發短母音/ɪ/。
三、輔音字母組合的發音也是有規律可循的。常見的輔音字母組合有：tr-dr，發音時舌身與r相似，舌尖貼上齒齦後部，氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的t-d後立刻發r。ck只發一個k的音，ng的發音是舌頭抵住上顎後方所發出的鼻音，n在k之前也這樣發音。
四、復合字母構成的單音。digraph是兩個（或三個）輔音字母在一起只發一個音，通常指以下四種組合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。ch發/tʃ/音，sh發/ʃ/音，一般來說wh發/hw/音（清輔音），但在o前面發/h/音，th的發音則需要一些記憶力了，在虛詞和一部分代詞中發濁音（舌尖在上下牙齒中間，聲帶需要振動，聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來），其它以th開始的單詞基本上都發清音（舌尖在上下牙齒中間，聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來，但是聲帶不振動）。
五、在有些輔音字母組合中，其中一個字母是不發音的，如kn中的k、ps中的p、mb和bt里的b、mn里的m、wr中的w。在羅曼語族詞彙里，輔音字母h一般也不發音；而在法語詞源的外來語里，輔音字母在詞末也不發音，如depot、ballet、faux pas等。
六、英語里母音的發音比較復雜，每個母音都可以發多個音，掌握了母音的發音規律才能對整個單詞的發音有比較准確的掌握。母音字母有五個：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一個單詞的中間或結尾時也被當做母音。每個單詞里都包含有至少一個母音，母音是單詞的「最強音」。母音所發的音取決於該母音在單詞中的位置或它是如何與其它母音組合的。一般來說，如果五個母音字母中的任意一個後面緊接著一個或幾個輔音字母，這個母音字母就處於重讀閉音節中，發成短音：a發/æ/、e發/ɛ/、i和y都發/ɪ/音、o發/α/、u發/ʌ/音。
七、如果一個單詞以字母e結尾，前面的母音發長音，叫做重讀相對開音節（magic e）。如果一個母音是在一個單詞或重讀音節的結尾，該母音也發長音，叫做重讀開音節，所謂長音就是母音字母的名字，如：a的長音為/e/，e的長音為/i/，i和y的長音都是/aɪ/，o的長音為/o/，u的長音為/ju/。重讀相對開音節結尾的字母e只起到讓前面的母音發長音的作用，自己是不發音的。
八、當一個單詞或音節里有兩個母音時，通常第一個母音發長音，第二個母音不發音，叫做vowel digraph。但是al、au、aw、ou、o有時發/ɔ/這個音，也是長母音。但是，在一些特殊情況下，母音後面緊接著輔音字母的時候，該母音是發長音的。如o在st、ld前，i在gh、gn、ld、nd前都要發長音，但母音字母o接st時有時也發成長母音/ɔ/，如cost，lost等。
九、雙母音是兩個母音音素組合在一起的，所以聽上去有兩個音，盡管這兩個音並不是兩個母音所單獨發出的，如oi（oy）和ou（ow）分別發/ɔɪ/和/aʊ/音。
十、母音字母與r結合起來後，發捲舌音，如ar發/αr/、or發/ɔr/、er、ir、ur都發/ɝ/。
十一、五個母音字母在非重讀音節中發弱母音/ə/。
學會了發音後，再開始學詞彙和語法。英語屬於印歐語系的日耳曼西部語支，英語的詞彙有開放性，一部分是日耳曼語族詞彙，一部分是羅曼語族詞彙，還有一部分是從法語、德語、西班牙語、義大利語、拉丁語、希臘語、阿拉伯語以及其它語言引進的詞彙。英語屬於屈折語，但是它的屈折變化形式相對比較少，除了名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞有詞形變化外，數詞、冠詞、介系詞、連接詞、感嘆詞都是不變的，只有簡單句、並列句、復合句三種句子結構，詞序比較固定。只要你用心學，一定能學好英語這門語言的，希望我能幫助到你。
㈡ 英語名詞性從句的語法知識
你這個問題太寬泛。只能選擇部分回答。
有時因意思表達的需要，要用一個從句在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語，稱為名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）。名詞性從句作為一個整體，本身在整個句子中起一個名詞的作用；同時既是從句，就從句內來說，也有主、謂成份。當然，從句要有引導詞。
引導詞的基本含義及用法
對於引導詞要注意兩點：a. 本身所含的意思，b. 其在從句中所充當的句子成分。據此，可以分成幾類（這是我自己的辦法，要比別的辦法管用）
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1．That 既無意義，也不在句子中擔任成分。
可以說只是一個「標志」，標明所跟的是一個從句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2．Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意義，但在從句中不擔任成分。
Whether/if --「是否」；because—「因為」；as if—「似乎」
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it』s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don』t have confidence.
3．When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意義，且在從句中擔任狀語。
When--「。。。的時間」或「何時」；whenever—「無論何時」，作時間狀語
Where—「。。。的地點」或「何地」；wherever—「無論何地」，作地點狀語。
Why--「。。。的原因」或「為什麼」，作原因狀語。
How--「。。。的方式」或「怎樣」；however—「無論怎樣」，作方式狀語。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don』t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4．What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意義，且在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
What—「。。。的（東西、事情。。。）」或「什麼」，whatever—「無論什麼」，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Which—「哪一個/些」，whichever—「無論哪一個/些」，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Who—「誰」，whoever—「無論誰」，在從句中作主語、表語，有時也可代whom，whomever作賓語。
Whom—「誰」，whomever「無論誰」（罕用），在從句中作賓語。
She is sorry for what she said. （她所說的話）（what無疑問含義）
I don』t know what will happen next. （將發生什麼事）（what有疑問含義）
I don't know which of us was the more scared. （我們中的哪一個更害怕）
They never found out who the murderer was. （謀殺者是誰）
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. （關於他外出我告訴了誰）
He's good at whatever he is does. （他做無論什麼事）
5．What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意義，且在從句中作定語
What—「什麼（樣的）」，whatever— 「無論什麼（樣的）。作定語。
Which—「哪個/些」，whichever—「無論哪個/些」。作定語。
Whose—「誰的」，在從句中作定語。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. （那個學校）
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. （什麼大學）
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. （誰的主意）
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. （無論什麼懷疑）
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. （無論什麼方法）
㈢ 英語的各種從句的語法問題、、、
最常見的就是：賓語從句；還有就是：狀語從句、定語從句；高中的話，還有：同內位語從句、容主語從句、表語從句。
其實，判斷是哪種從句就是看它在句子中作什麼成分，就叫什麼從句。
賓語從句 注意其 語序！！ 用陳述語序；即：主語+can/will/should...+謂語+賓語。
狀語從句主要有條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句等，遵循「主將從現」原則，即主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時代替將來時。
定語從句：首先判斷先行詞，再判斷用哪個引導詞；
同位語從句就是看從句是不是對從句前的名詞的解釋說明，是的話就叫同位語從句；
表語從句就是作句子的表語；
主語從句顧名思義，作句子的主語；一般由what來引導。
具體的從句的詳細講解，請你與我保持聯系，可以隨時為你解答。
㈣ 英語狀語從句的語法知識
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由於狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它並不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。 現分別列舉如下:
1． 時間狀語從句
常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn』t realize how special my mother was until I became an alt.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where
特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：because, since, as, since
特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
My friends dislike me because I』m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let』s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 結果狀語從句
常用引導詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It』s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn』t sleep last night.
6． 條件狀語從句
常用引導詞：if, unless,
特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We』ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can』t agree to his proposal.
盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won』t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比較狀語從句
常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之於人，猶如油之於機器。
9． 方式狀語從句
常用引導詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
㈤ 關於英語從句語法的一些問題
1 不可以。我們只能懷疑比較確定的內容，不能懷疑模稜兩可的內容。
我懷疑你幫我交版話費了。（權肯定句）
我懷疑你沒幫我交話費。（否定句）
但是我不可能既懷疑你給我交話費了，又懷疑你沒給我交話費。
if表示「是否」，即兩種情況都可能，這種懷疑不合理，所以不能用在doubt之後。
2 的確是虛擬語氣。
虛擬語氣不僅僅表示難以實現的願望，也可以表示真實的願望。
I wish he could give up smoking(可能有一定難度，但是我的願望是真實的)
本句也是如此，可能tom一貫粗心，下一次不粗心不很現實，但願望是真實的。
㈥ 學英語的語法和從句需要抓住什麼要點或技巧
語法就是靠背了，從句的話可能先理解整個句子，注意一定是整個，再根據意思判斷that或其他插在那最好。 另外，熟能生巧是任何難題的解決辦法，熟了感覺就出來了
滿意請採納
㈦ 英語從句語法知識求教
英語中六大從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1）主語從句可直接位於主語的位置，如果從句較長，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」，一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導的主語從句，都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1）賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是）已構成固定搭配，其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外，還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明，一般用連詞that引導，由於先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短，將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之後，無逗號，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人，whose有時也可指物，相當於of which；which用於指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those
㈧ 英語中從句的語法大全
英語中六大從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1）主語從句可直接位於主語的位置，如果從句較長，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」，一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導的主語從句，都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1）賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是）已構成固定搭配，其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外，還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明，一般用連詞that引導，由於先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短，將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之後，無逗號，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人，whose有時也可指物，相當於of which；which用於指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用關系代詞that引導從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語時不可用that，只可用which或whom引導從句，並且不可省略，但當介詞位於賓語從句句末時，作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當於一個「介詞+which」的結構。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定語從句
*非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個主句，起補充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*「介詞+which\whom\whose」引導的定語從句
「介詞+which\whom\whose」可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句，該結構中介詞的選擇取決於從句謂語動詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導的定語從句
as引導的定語從句主要用於「such...as」及「the same...as」的結構中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時，代替整個主句，從句可位於主句之前、之後或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)
6.狀語從句
*時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和片語有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、結果和目的狀語從句
1）引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引導目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態動詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*條件和讓步狀語從句
1）引導條件狀語從句的連詞和片語有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和片語有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構，具有強調意義。其結構為「形容詞（副詞、動詞、名詞）+as+主語+謂語」。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
㈨ 英語中的所有語法知識點
1.
各類詞性，如：冠詞、名詞、數詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、動內詞容、助動詞、情態動詞等等；
2.
句子的分類：簡單句；復合句，包括並列復合句和主從復合句，其中後者包括含有下列從句：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）；定語從句（形容詞性從句）；狀語從句（副詞性從句）
3.
句子的基本結構：主語+謂語；主語+謂語+賓語；主語+謂語+雙賓語；主語+謂語+復合賓語；主語+連系動詞+表語
4.
句子的語氣：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句
5.
虛擬語氣
6.
倒裝語序
7.
省略
8.
it的用法