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新目標英語八下語法項目表

發布時間:2021-01-16 08:48:43

Ⅰ 人教新目標英語八年級下重點短語和語法

初二全科目課件教案習題匯總
語文 數學 英語 物理 歷史
12 
How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost? 本單元目標句型: 1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多長時間了? 2. I『ve been skating since nine o『clock./since I was four years old. 我從九點一直滑到現在/我從四歲一直滑到現在。 3. I『ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小時 。 4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我對中國的歷史了解得越多, 我就越喜歡住在中國。 5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year. 6. When did you get your first pair of skates? 7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours. Alison是第一個開始並且已經滑了整整5個小時。 8. I『m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon. 9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每滑一個小時,每位學生可為慈善事業籌集10元錢。 10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it『s probably my favorite. 謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實上,我想它可能是我的最愛。 11. My mom says I have to stop, because we『ve run out of room to store them. 媽媽說我必須停止了,因為我們已經沒有地方來存放他們了。 12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday. 我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。 13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話,請告訴我們。 14. By the way, what『s your hobby? 15. I『m interested in the job as a writer. 16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions. 校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作,請回答這樣四個問題。 17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中國朝代? 18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list. 從其他國家歷史中,你能記起一些著名人物嗎?列個表。 19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor. 事實上,第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。 20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響, 而且哈爾濱的一些老建築還是俄羅斯風格的。 21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China. 對於一個像我一樣的外國人來說,我對中國文化了解越多,我就越喜歡住在中國。 22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I『m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 盡管我住得離北京很遠,但我相信2008年奧運會我一定在這兒。 本單元語法講解 現在完成進行時:表示從過去某時開始到現在這一段時間里一直在延續的動作。 現在完成進行式結構:have / has +been+ doing/ 1.I have been writing the letter since then.從那時起我一直在寫這封信。(動作從過去一直持續到現在還在繼續) 2.I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自從10年前我就收集郵票了(動作從過去一直現在還在收集)。 3. How long have you been living here?你在這兒已經住了多長時間了。(―居住‖動作從過去一直現在還在繼續)
13 現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別: 1現在完成進行時比現在完成時更強調動作的延續性: 2如果沒有時間強調,現在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行,現在完成時則表示動作已經結束, 3現在完成進行時一般不適用於表狀態的動詞,而現在完成時則可: ,Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 1. turn… down/turn… up 關小聲/調大聲音(電器) 2. turn… on/ turn …off 打開/關閉(電器) 3. move the bike 移動自行車 4. in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,馬上 5. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上學/上課遲到 6. wait in line=stand in line 排隊等候 7. cut in line=jump a queue 插隊 8. get mad/annoyed 變得生氣 9. happen to sb 發生在…身上 10. half an hour 半小時 11. at first 首先 12. at last=in the end=finally 最後 13. allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允許某人做/不做某事 14. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允許某人做/不做某事 15. in public 當眾地;公開地;公然地 16. in public places 在公共場所 17. break the rule 不遵守規則 18. pick… up 撿起 19. put …out 熄滅 20. drop litter 扔垃圾 21. keep the voice down 控制聲音 22. do the dishes 23. put on another pair of jeans 24. be at a meeting 25. help me in the kitchen 26. make some posters 27. clothing store 28. follow…around 29. want to be polite 30. stand in the subway door 31. cut in line 32. stand close to .. 33. have different ideas about 34. feel uncomfortable 35. in all situations 36. in public places 本單元目標句型: 1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打掃院子嗎? 2. Not at all. I『ll do it right away. 一點也不. 我馬上就掃.
14 3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在這打棒球嗎? 4. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? 5. Sorry, we『ll go and play in the park. 對不起,我們到公園去打. 6. Could you (please) make dinner? 請做晚飯好嗎? 7. That『s no problem . 沒問題. 8. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please don『t feed the dog, will you?請不要喂狗好嗎? 9. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight. 10. Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. 11. The store clerk gave you the wrong size. 12. The waitress brought you the wrong food. 13. The pen you bought didn『t work. 14. You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger. 15. We asked some people what annoyed them. Here『s what they said. 16. I don『t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation. 17. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 18. Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite. 19. The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations. 20. Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere. 21. We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette. 22. Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior. 23. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand. 24. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible. 25. People don『t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this. 26. 看到有人抽煙你可以說:Could you please put out that cigarette? 27. 看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說:Would you mind picking it up? 28. 看到有人插對你可以說:Sorry, would you mind joining the line? 常見動名詞、分詞的習慣用法總結 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進行時態中。如: 1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball?
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣?
I am interested in playing football. 5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事; 2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; 3. feel like doing sth 想要做某事; 4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) 5. forget doing sth 忘記做過某事; 6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事); 7. remember doing sth 記得做過某事; 8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; 9. find /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做 10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事; 12. prefer doing sth 寧願做某事; 13. mind doing sth 介意做某事; 14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; 15. practice doing sth 練習做某事; 16. be busy doing sth 忙於做某事; 17. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事; 18. waste time/money doing 浪費時間/金錢做…;

Ⅱ 新目標八年級英語下冊1至4單元語法重點

Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一.短語歸納
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地鐵
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火車
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽車
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 騎自行車
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽車
8. get to school 到達學校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到達 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 離學校10公里(遠)
10. from…to… 從…到… from his home to school 從他家到學校
11. how (用於提問狀態和交通工具) 怎樣
how long 用來詢問時間的長度(用於提問時間段 多長(時間)) 或物體的長度
how often (用於提問頻率) 多久時間一次
how far (用於提問距離) 多遠
how many 用於提問數量) 多少
how much(用於提問數量/價錢) 多少/多少錢
how soon「過多久」,用來詢問某事要在多久以後才能發生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出發去學校
14. the early bus 早班車
15. take sb. to school 帶某人去學校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然後,他乘坐早班車到學校
16. bus ride 搭公車的路程
17. bus stop 公車亭
18. bus station 公車站
bus stop 是指小站,bus station指大的站,比如汽車站。現在的英語 尤其是美式英語里,二者的區分不是太細。
19. train station 火車站
20. subway station 地鐵站
21. think of 認為
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校車
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美國的北/南/東/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校車
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other (兩者中的)另一個
27. others = other (students) 其他的(學生)
28. things are different 情況不同
29. be different from 與…不同
be the same as 與……一樣
30. make a difference 產生差異
31. depend on 取決於/依賴/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 視……而定;決定於
I haven』t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我沒有汽車,只能依靠公共汽車。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上學
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的樂趣
35. not all students並非所有的學生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China,bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中國,自行車和公共汽車是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分學生乘坐地鐵上學
38. a large/ great number of 大多數的
☆ a number of + 復數名詞 作主語,動詞用復數 「許多」=many
可用large/great/small 修飾,表程度。
☆ the number of + 復數名詞 作主語,動詞用單數 「…..的數量」
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表語 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 但是He is a sick man. 他是一個病人。(sick作定語,此時不能用ill)ill(形容詞):illness(名詞) 40. worry about sb./sth. 擔心某人/某事☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….為某人/某事擔心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大約六點半around 作介詞時,是「大約、將近」的意思時,常與數詞連用 He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大約在6點30分動身去學校leave for 動詞短語,意思是「去(某地)」 見3單元重點短語歸納中的詳解43. five minutes』walk步行五分鍾的路程44. Don』t worry. 別擔心45. in Chinese 用漢語 46.How/ What about…?How/ What about…?常用來詢問和建議,其中about是介詞,其後跟名詞、代詞及動名詞,意思是「……怎麼樣?……如何?」How about trying again? 再試一下如何?
給我郵箱吧,發不了這么多
行嗎

Ⅲ 新目標英語八年級下冊語法

1、一般現在時,這個很常見,不作為重點
2、現在完成時,重點的語法,對與詞性變化有很大的板塊,尤其是特殊語法變化
3、一般將來時,也算是一個重點,主要是there be的將來時,很簡單的
4、過去進行時,when,while引導的從句,記住幾個例句就都會了
5、感嘆句,由what或how引導,what後面感嘆的部分中心詞為名詞,而how感嘆的部分一般為形容詞或副詞。
6、反義疑問句,注意特殊的反意疑問句,還有特殊否定詞,不管怎麼問,結合事實回答就可以。

Ⅳ 新目標英語八年級下單詞表新目標英語八年級下單詞表

1 robot n. 機器人

2 won't =will not 將不

3 they'll (=they will)

4 everything pron. 每件事,一切

5 paper n. 紙,文件,論文,報紙; v. 用紙糊,貼壁紙; adj.紙制的

6 use n. 利用,使用,用途; v. 使用; vt. 使用,用

7 less a. 更少的,更小的; ad. 更少地,更小地

8 fewer a. 少的; int. 較少數; a. 較少的

9 pollution n. 污染

10 tree n. 樹

11 she'll (=she will,she shall)

12 building n. 建築物

13 astronaut n. 宇航員

14 rocket n. 火箭,煙火; v. 發射火箭,猛漲

15 space n. 位置,空間,距離; v. 隔開,分隔

16 space station 空間站

17 fly n. 蒼蠅,兩翼昆蟲,飛行; v. 飛,飛翔,逃走

18 took v. 拿,取

19 moon n. 月亮

20 I'll =I shall 我將...

21 fall n. 秋天,落下,瀑布; v. 倒下,落下,來臨

22 fell v. 跌落,落下,降低

23 fall in love with 愛上

24 alone a. 單獨的,僅僅; ad. 單獨地

25 pet a. 寵愛的; n. 寵物; vt. 撫摸,輕撫

26 parrot n. 鸚鵡; v. 學舌

27 probably ad. 大概,或許

28 go skating 去滑冰;去溜冰

29 suit n. 套裝,訴訟,請求; v. 適合,取悅,滿足

30 be able to 能;會

31 dress n. 女裝,服裝; v. 穿著

32 casually ad.非正式的,隨意的

33 which a. 哪一個,哪一些; int. 哪個; pron. 哪一個

34 even a. 平坦的,偶數的,相等的; ad. 甚至,恰好,正當

35 the World Cup 世界盃

36 wrote write的過去式

37 myself pron. 我自己

38 interview n. 面談,訪問,接見; v. 接見,會談

39 predict v. 預知,預言,預報

40 future a. 將來的; n. 將來,未來; n. 期貨

41 prediction n. 預言,預報

42 came come的過去式

43 come true 實現,達到

44 sound n. 聲音,吵鬧,海峽; a. 健全的,可靠的,合理的; v. 聽,發出聲音,測量

45 company n. 公司,友伴,交際

46 thought n. 想法,思想; v. (think的過去式和過去分詞)想,思考,認為; vbl. 想,思考,認為

47 fiction n. 小說,虛構

48 unpleasant a. 使人不愉快的,討厭的

49 scientist n. 科學家

50 in the future 將來

51 however ad. 然而; conj. 然而,可是,不過

52 hundred n. 百,百個東西; a. 百,百個

53 hundreds of 成百上千的,數以百計的

54 already ad. 已經

55 made a. 已製成的,成功的,創造的; v. 做,使,安排; vbl. 做,造成,安排

56 factory n. 工廠

57 simple a. 簡單的,簡朴的,單純的

58 such a. 如此的,這樣的

59 bored a. 厭煩的,無聊的

60 everywhere ad. 到處,無論何處

61 human a. 人的,人類的; n. 人

62 shape n. 形狀,定形,身材; v. 定形,使...成形,塑造

63 huge a. 龐大的,巨大的

64 earthquake n. 地震

65 snake n. 蛇; v. 蜿蜒,彎彎曲曲行進

66 look for 尋找,尋求

67 possible a. 可能的

68 electric a. 電的

69 toothbrush n. 牙刷

70 seem v. 像是,似乎

71 impossible a. 不可能的

72 housework n. 家務勞動

73 rating n. 等級

74 keep out 不讓...進入

75 play n. 游戲,遊玩,劇本,比賽; v. 玩,進行比賽,演奏,播放

76 loud a. 大聲的; ad. 響亮地,大聲地

77 argue v. 爭論,辯論,爭吵,勸說

78 wrong a. 錯誤的,不正當的,失常的; ad. 錯誤,邪惡

79 What's wrong (with) 怎麼了?

80 style n. 風格,時尚,字體; v. 稱呼,設計

81 out of style 過時的,不時髦的

82 could can 的過去式; conj. 能夠

83 should conj. 應該,將要

84 call sombody up 打電話給...

85 ticket n. 票,券

86 surprise n. 驚奇; v. 使驚奇

87 on the phone 在通電話,用電話交談

88 What's the matter 怎麼了?

89 pay for 付款

90 part-time job 業余工作,零工

91 okay ad. <表示同意或允許>好的,可以,行

92 either a. 任一,兩方的; prep. 任一,隨便任一個; conj. 或,也

93 bake v. 烘焙,烤

94 Teen Talk 青少年論壇

95 tutor n. 家庭教師,導師

96 original a. 最初的,原始的,有獨創性的,原版的; n. 起源,原件,原稿

97 the same as... 和...一樣

98 in style 時髦的,流行的

99 haircut n. 理發

100 except v. 除,除外,反對; prep. 除了...之外,若不是,除非
101 upset a. 煩亂的,不高興; v. 顛覆,推翻,擾亂,使心煩意亂,使不舒服

102 fail v. 失敗,不及格,辜負,缺少

103 get on (後接副詞或用於疑問句的how之後)perform or fare in a particular situation; make progress 過日子; 進展;上(車)

104 didn't aux. did not的縮寫

105 couldn't =could not

106 football n. 足球

107 until prep.&conj. 直到...為止

108 fit a. 適宜的,對的,准備好的; v. 適合,安裝; n. 適宜,發作,一陣

109 as... as possible 盡...可能

110 pressure n. 壓力,壓強,壓迫

111 complain v. 抱怨,悲嘆,控訴

112 include v. 包括,包含,連...在內; [計算機] 包括

113 pushy a. 強求的

114 send v. 送給,傳,寄

115 all kinds of 各種各樣的

116 compare v. 比較,比喻,對照

117 crazy a. 瘋狂的

118 themselves pron. 他(她,它)們自己

119 alt a. 成年的,成熟的; n. 成年人

120 on the one hand (在)一方面

121 organized 安排有序的,有組織的

122 on the other hand (在)另一方面

123 freedom n. 自由

124 UFO n. 不明飛行物

125 barber n. 理發師

126 barber shop 理發店

127 bathroom n. 浴室

128 bedroom n. 卧室; adj.性感的

129 kitchen n. 廚房

130 get out 出去,離開

131 cut n. 切口,割傷,降低; v. 切割,減少,刺痛; vbl. 切割,減少,刺痛; [計算機] 剪掉

132 alien n. 外僑;外星人; a. 外國的,相異的

133 bought v. 買; vbl. 買

134 land n. 陸地,國土,土地; v. 登陸,登岸,卸貨

135 got v. (get的過去式)得到; vt. (get 的過去式)猜到,明白

136 shirt n. 襯衫

137 take off (指飛機等)起飛

138 while conj. 當...的時候; n.&a. 一會兒; v. 消磨

139 experience n. 經歷,經驗; v. 經歷,體驗

140 around ad. 大約,到處,在周圍; prep. 在...周圍

141 strange a. 陌生的,奇怪的

142 follow v. 跟隨,沿行,遵循,聽得懂

143 amazing a. 令人驚異的

144 kid n. 小孩; v. 開玩笑,哄騙,嘲弄

145 scared a. 害怕的

146 climb v. 攀登,上升,爬

147 jump n. 跳躍,跳動,上漲; v. 跳越,躍過,突升

148 shout n. 呼喊,突發的大笑; v. 呼喊,高聲談笑,玩樂

149 rode v. 騎,乘坐,克服

150 cat n. 貓,貓科動物; (CAT) 電子計算機橫斷層掃描

151 train station 火車站

152 ran v. 跑,跑步,延續

153 run away 逃跑

154 anywhere ad. 任何地方; pron. 任何(一個)地方

155 met v. 遇見; vbl. 遇見

156 come in 進來;進入

157 happen v. 發生; vi. 發生,碰巧

158 accident n. 事故,意外的事

159 plane a. 平的; n. 飛機,平面,刨子; v. 刨

160 Beijing International Airport 北京國際機場

161 heard hear的過去式(分詞)

162 modern a. 現代的; n. 現代人

163 kill n. 殺,殺戮; v. 殺,破壞,消減

164 Memphis 孟菲斯(美國城市)

165 murder v.&n. 謀殺,兇殺; vt. 謀殺

166 hear about 聽說

167 bright a. 明亮的,陽光的; ad. 亮

168 playground n.&a. 操場

169 bell n. 鍾,鈴

170 rang ring 的過去式

171 told tell的過去式(分詞)

172 close n. 結束,完結; a. 靠近的,親近的; v. 關,結束,靠近

173 silence n. 沉默,寂靜; v. 使沉默,使安靜; vt. 使安靜,使沉默

174 take place 發生

175 recent a. 近來的,新近的

176 World Trade Center 世界貿易中心

177 destroy v. 破壞,毀壞; [計算機] 撤消

178 terrorist n. 恐怖分子

179 meaning n. 意義,意思,含義

180 as... as... 象...一樣

181 became v. 變得

182 flight n. 飛行,飛機的航程,航班,逃跑

183 earth n. 地球

184 hero n. 男主角,男主人公,英雄

185 flew fly的過去式

186 tragedy n. 悲劇,慘事,災難

187 ever ad. 曾經,永遠,究竟

188 mad a. 發瘋的

189 anymore ad. 現在

190 snack n. 小吃,點心; v. 吃零食,吃點心

191 direct speech 直接引語

192 reported speech 間接引語

193 first of all 首先,第一

194 message n. 消息,信息

195 pass on 傳遞

196 suppose v. 推想,假設,以為,認為; 應該,獲准(be suppose to),讓(虛擬語氣)

197 be supposed to 被期望或被要求

198 hard-working 盡心盡力的; 努力工作的.

199 do well in 在...方面做得好

200 grandpa n. (口語)爺爺,外公

Ⅳ go for it新目標英語 八年級上 語法

1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有顏色)
你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范圍)
你最喜愛哪一種顏色?
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.
我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中:
enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事

2.decide on doing sth 決定做某事
They decide on flying kites.
他們決定放風箏。
3.decide on sth 就某事決定......
Betty decided on the red skirt.
貝蒂選定了那條紅裙子。
4.decide的名詞形式為decision,結構:make a decision,意為「做決定」。如:
He has made a decision.
他已經做一個決定了。
43) too many,too much與much too
1.too many意為「太多」,用於修飾可數名詞的復數。如:
There are too many students in our class.
我們班上有太多的學生。
2.too much意為「太多」,用於修飾不可數名詞。如:
We have too much work to do.
我們有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示「太」,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如:
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了,所以我搬不動它。
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如:
We can carry the heavy box.
我們可以搬得動箱子。
Who can sing an English song?
誰會唱英文歌?
2.表示驚訝、不相信等態度,主要用於否定句和疑問句中。如:
Can it be true?
這會是真的嗎?
You can't be serious?
你不會當真吧?
3.表示允許,意思與may相近,主要用於口語中。如:
Can I smoke here?
我可以在這兒吸煙嗎?
Can I go with him?
我可以跟他一起去嗎?

Ⅵ 英語新目標八下語法

重點語法:一般將來時態的應用 do/does 的一般將來時態形式:(shall/will) do do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態:(shall/will) be done一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句:What will people have in a few years?重點短語:won't = will not they'll = they will she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上(某人/某物) be able to do sth. 能夠做某事 come true 實現 in the future 未來 hundreds of 數以百計的 thousands of 數以千計的 look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物) will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式 may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片,預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法) do/does 的過去將來時態形式:(should/would) do do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態:(should/would) be done過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑問句例句:Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑問句例句:What should I do?重點短語:keep sb. out 不讓某人進入 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了? out of style 不時髦的;過時的 call sb. up 給某人打電話 pay for sth. 為某事付款 part-time job 兼職工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣 in style 時髦的;流行的 get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處(好) didn't = did not couldn't = could not as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快) all kinds of 各種;許多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 be angry at sth. 生某事的氣 the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣 have fight with sb. 與某人打架 learn to do sth. 學會做某事 not ... until ... 直到……才…… compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較 it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了 maybe adv. 或許 may be (情態動詞 + 動詞原形)可能是 shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式 pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下,一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重點語法:過去進行時態 do/does 的過去進行時態形式:(was/were) doing do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態:(was/were) being done過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑問句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?動詞 when 和 while 的選擇:when 後加瞬間動詞,while 後加延續性動詞。例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句結構:(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞 =(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞例句:What a beautiful flower [it is]! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers [they are]! =How beautiful the flowers are!重點短語:get out 出去;離開 take off 起飛 run away 逃跑;跑掉 come in 進來 hear about = hear of 聽說 take place 發生 as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考慮 think of 認為 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctor's 在診所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前,閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重點語法:賓語從句結構:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)例句:----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句) ----He says I'm good at English.注意:①主句是一般現在時態,賓語從句的時態不受其影響。 例句:He says I'm good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是過去時態,賓語從句也要用過去時態。 例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。 例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④動詞原形不能作主語,必須用其 -ing 形式。 例句:She said helping others changed her life.重點短語:direct speech 直接引語 reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 傳遞 be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身體健康 get over 克服 open up 打開 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年終考試 get nervous 變得緊張 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做) forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做) it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……(加形容詞) context 上下文Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞,你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句結構:主句 + if + 條件狀語從句 if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句注意:在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中,主句應用將來時態,狀語從句用一般現在時態。例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重點短語:take away 拿走 around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 謀生 all the time = always 一直 What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了? in order to do sth. 為了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事(to 省略,該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。) make sb. adj. 使得某人……(加形容詞) make sb. done 使得某人被做 be famous for 為……而出名 be famous as 作為……而出名 in class 在課堂上 spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……(時間/錢)用於做某事 see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事(強調整個過程) see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事(強調偶然性) say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重點語法:現在完成進行時態 do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式:have/has been doing do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態:have/has been being done現在完成進行時態所應用的場合:①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響例:我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自從那次他與我談過心後,我天天都在進步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑問句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑問句例句:How long have you been skating?注意:瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。例句:你借這本書已經多長時間了? How long have you been keeping this book?重點短語:run out of 用完;用盡 by the way 順便說說 be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣 more than 比……多 far away 在遠處 would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人 in fact 實際上 room 房間(用於可數名詞);空間(用於不可數名詞) common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前,用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章,快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章,就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事重點短語:not at all 一點也不 turn down 調節使音量變小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻;馬上 wait in line 排隊等候 cut in line 插隊等候 hasn't = has not keep ... down 壓低聲音;使緩和 at first = first of all 首先 take care 當心;小心 take care of = care about = look after 關心;照顧 break the rule 違規 obey the rule 遵守規定 put out 熄滅 pick sth. up 撿起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人 depend on 依賴;依靠 get back = return 要回 mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候,我們需要尋找「主題語句」,也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」,或者每個文段的全部意思,來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後,該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事 why don't you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句:Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句:How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重點短語:fall asleep 入睡 give away 贈送;分發 hear of = hear about 聽說 take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣 make friends with 與……交友 make progress 取得進步 keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖,我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時,常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題,達到總結的目的。)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?重點語法:現在完成時態 do/does 的現在完成時態形式:(have/has) done do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態:(have/has) been done 現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。例句:我去年去過美國,那是我第一次出國。 I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.重點短語:have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興 on board 在船上 end up doing sth. 結束做某事 all year round = all over the year 終年 understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後,把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話,那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?重點語法:反意疑問句反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成,或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。例句:He's a student, isn't he? She's not his mother, is she?回答反意疑問句時,要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的,則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的,則必須用 no 回答。例句:你還沒有準備好,對吧? You're not ready, are you? 是的,我沒有準備好。 No, I'm not. 不,我准備好了。 Yes, I am.重點短語:look through 瀏覽 come along 出現;發生 get along 相處 at least 至少 at most 至多 a thank-you note 感謝信 forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級 many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級

Ⅶ 新目標英語八下的單詞表 (光要漢語)按順序的!!

第一單元
1、將;會;要 2、機器人 3、won't= 4、they'll= 5、每件事物 6、紙;紙張 7、(few的比較級)較少的;更少的 8、污染 9、樹;樹木 10、she'll= 11、建築物;樓房 12、宇航員;航天員 13、火箭 14、太空;空間 15、太空站 16、飛行 17、動詞take的過去式 18、月亮;月球 19、I'll= 20、落下;跌落 21、動詞fall的過去式 22、愛上(某人或某物) 23、單獨地;孤獨地 24、寵物 25、鸚鵡 26、大概;或許 27、去滑冰 28、一套衣服 29、能;能夠 30、有能力做某事;會做某事 31、穿衣 32、非正式地;隨意地 33、哪個;哪幾個 34、甚至 35、世界盃 36、動詞write的過去式 37、(反身代詞)我自己;我本人 38、面談;面試 39、(v)預言;預測 40、(n)預言;預測 41、動詞come的過去式 42、(希望等)實現;達到 43、聲音 44、公司 45、動詞think的過去式 46、策略;戰略 47、小說 48、使人不愉快的 49、科學家 50、未來;將來 51、大量;許多 52、早已;已經 53、動詞make的過去式 54、工廠 55、簡單的;簡易的 56、這樣的;這種 57、厭煩的;厭倦的 58、各地;到處 59、人;人類 60、巨大的;龐大的 61、外形;形狀 62、地震 63、蛇 64、可能的 65、電的;導電的 66、牙刷 67、像是;似乎 68、不可能的;不會發生的 69、家務;家務事 70、級別;等級
第二單元
71、不讓……進入 72、播放 73、爭論;爭吵 74、錯誤的;有毛病的;不適合的 75、怎麼了? 76、風格;款式;式樣 77、不時髦的;過時的 78、可以;應該;可能 79、打電話給…… 80、票;入場券 81、使驚奇;使意外 82、用電話交談;在通話 83、怎麼了? 84、付……帳;付買……的錢
85、兼職工作 86、好的 87、同樣地(不……);也(不……);任一(的);(兩方中的)每一方 88、烤;烘 89、麵包或糕餅的售賣活動 90、青少年論壇 91、家庭教師 92、新穎的 93、與……同樣的 94、時髦的;流行的 95、理發;發型 96、除;把……除外 97、心煩的;沮喪的 98、失敗
99、相處;進展 100、didn』t= 101、couldn't= 102、歸還;送回 103、足球 104、到……為止 105、適合;適應 106、找到時間(做某事) 107、盡可能…… 108、壓力 109、抱怨;埋怨;發牢騷 110、包括;包含 111、固執己見的;一意孤行的 112、推;推動;督促 113、派遣;打發;安排去 114、各種各樣的 115、比較 116、瘋狂的;狂熱的 117、(反身代詞)他(她,它)們自己 118、成年人 119、(在)一方面 120、有組織的 121、(在)另一方面 122、自由
(阿爾卑斯,我要芒果味的,O(∩_∩)O~)

Ⅷ 八年級下冊英語語法重點(新目標)

II. 重要句型
1. We』d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one』s way to a place
4. stand on one』s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…抄until…
14. make room for sb.
IV. 重要語法
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運用;
2. 反身代詞的用法;
3. 並列句;
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級;
5. 冠詞的用法;
6. 動詞的過去進行時;
【考點掃描】

Ⅸ 我想要八年級下冊新目標英語語法復習1-10單元的

By是個很常用的介詞(有時也用作副詞),在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種: 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激,於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作「被」、「由」等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。(即「許多人講英語。」) 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」,常做插入語。如: By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒。你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如: I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後,越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing,相當於名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1)★作主語(這種用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2)作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎?3)作表語Babysister』s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to後面接動詞原形。

否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語,而用didn』t + 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示過去的習慣動作, 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員,但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態,人稱和數的變化,其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化: 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態的句式變化:

二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下: 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的,be是什麼時態,全句就是什麼時態,be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。 一般現在時的被動語態為:主+am / is / are (not)+過去分詞 一般過去時的被動語態為:主+was / were +過去分詞
例如: 我們學過的was / were born 生於,就是一個被動語態. born是個過去分詞(bear) -When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語+is / am / are + being +過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語+have / has +been +過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞+be+過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語+will +be +過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語+would / should + be +過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語+was / were + being +過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語+had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法:(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰,不用by+動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
(2)強調動作的承受者,這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
(3)作客觀說明時,常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是: (1)把原句中的賓語變為主語 (2)動詞改為被動形式,即be+過去分詞 (3)原來的主語,如果需要的話,放在by後面,如果沒必要,可省略。 請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).

Unit4
虛擬語氣:如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意:條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬(非真實)條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。
請比較:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園。在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實條件句。在本句中,適用「主將從現。」
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的話,我立刻就走。)在這句話中,條件句,「如果我是你」,但事實上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時,從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」,引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦?」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble

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