『壹』 牛津版初一英語的語法知識點
時態講解
一、一般現在時主要用於：
1 、表示經常性或習慣性動作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示現在的特徵或狀態。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、劇情圖片介紹，背景說明，動作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor ： What's your trouble, young man?
Tom ： I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發生的動作時。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般過去時主要用於：
1 、表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況（包括習慣性的動作或狀態）
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、談到過去的情況時 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、談到已死人的情況時 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有：
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句，表示主句動作開始的時間。
三、現在完成時主要用於：
1 、表示到現在為止這一時期中發生的動作或情況，即多次動作的總和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示對現在有影響的某一已發生的動作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團已經走了（說明現在不在這里） Look, what you have done. 看你乾的事。
與這一時態連用的時間狀語有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語，連詞 since 引導的時間狀語從句。
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別：
一般過去時：重在說明動作在過去發生時的具體情況（時間、地點、方式、對象、細節等）。
現在完成時：只提起已發生的動作（事實）及其影響，不說明動作發生時的具體情況。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
註：現在完成時表達的動作常具有反復性，故下面一句是錯的：
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應改為： Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、現在完成進行時主要用於：表示過去開始的某一動作一直持續到現在，以至延伸到將來，它強調動作延續時間之長久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫）
cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。（已寫完）
It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。
五、過去完成時
1 、過去完成時是一個相對時態，表示過去的過去，只有在兩個過去發生的動作相比較時才可顯示出來。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
註：主從句表達的動作緊接時，即兩動作發生的時間沒有明顯時間上的懸殊或空檔時，主從句都可用一般過去時。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、過去完成時可表示截止過去某一時間動作的總或動作的結束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有： by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句，表示主句動作結束的時間。
（六）現在進行時主要用於：
1 、表示現在或現階段正在進行的動作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般現在時，表示經常性動作或狀態，而含有某種感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣？（顯得親切）
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。（贊揚）
You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。（厭煩）
3 、動詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發生的動作時。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、過去進行時主要用於： 表示過去某個時刻或階段正在進行的動作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時她在解放軍某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引導的時間狀語從句表示主句的動作正在進行的時間。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
註：
1 、 while 引導時間狀語從句敘述過去的動作時，從句常用過去進行時。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作並列連詞，意為「這時」，連接兩分句時，第一句多用過去進行時。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般過去時與過去進行時的區別：
一般過去時：強調過去某一時間開始或完成的動作。
過去進行時：強調過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
試區別下面兩句：
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們在修建一座水庫。（可能尚未建成）
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫。（已經建成）
八、一般將來時主要用於： 表示將要發生的動作或情況
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般將來時態與其它結構表將來情況的區別：
一般將來時態 ：主要從時間的角度表將要發生的動作或情況。
be going to 結構 ：①表（主觀上）打算或准備做某事時。 ②表有發生某事的預兆時。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
據以上區別，故下面一句是錯的：
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應改為： I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 結構 ：意為「剛要做某事」、「馬上要做某事」強調時間之緊迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個問題。
be to do sth 結構： 表示按計劃、安排、規定將實施某事或表示註定會發生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語，可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞： 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象（即賓語），可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞：字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象（即賓語）。若要跟賓語，必須先在其後添加上某個介詞，如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了，如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語（動作的對象）：是名詞或代詞，或相當於名詞的詞或短語（如動名詞）。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例：「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副詞，不是名詞，故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞，作賓語了)
連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。
表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。
一、 連系動詞的類型有：
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特徵或狀態.這類連系動詞強調"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續"類:表示某種情況或狀態的持續。這類連系動詞強調"持續"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續、仍舊),stand(處於某狀況或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態變化成另一種情況或狀態。這類連系動詞強調"變化"後的情況或狀態.常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項
1. 有些連系動詞通常不用於被動語態和進行時態中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn後跟(表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時,不加冠詞。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
終止性動詞與延續性動詞
終止性動詞指不會持續一段時間的動作,即動作在瞬間或短時間內完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動詞不與一段時間連用
終止性動詞:表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語.
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中，動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短，可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作，這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續的動作，這種動作發生後立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特徵
1.延續性動詞可以用於現在完成時，其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有：for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞，而at eight表示"點時間"，前後顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以藉助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特徵
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成，因此可用於現在完成時。如：
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續。因此，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
誤：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞，不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那麼，應如何正確表達呢？可以採用下面的四種方法：
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中，成為可以延續的狀態，因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用，構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型，意為"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中，但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞)，也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程，從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如：
誤：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
終止性動詞不用於進行時態,若是進行時態形式應譯成將來時態的意思。
終止性動詞和延續性動詞辨析 王嵩
英語動詞可以分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。這兩種動詞在每年中考英語試題中出現率較高，筆者將其歸納分類，供同學們學習時參考。一、延續性動詞 延續性動詞表示的動作不但可以延續，而且可以產生持久的影響。常見的這類動詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續性動詞的用法很廣，但常見於現在完成時中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。例如：1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．自從來到中國，我已經學會了l，000多個漢字。2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自從來到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。3．I have kept the picture for about three years．這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動詞 終止性動詞又稱為瞬間動詞或非延續性動詞，它表示的動作不能延續，也就是說動作一旦發生就立即結束，並產生某種結果。常見的這類動詞有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。終止性動詞用在現在完成時要注意下面三點： （一）終止性動詞可直接用來表示某一動作的完成。例如：1．They have reached Shanghai．他們已經到達了上海。2．Has he gone to London? 他已經到倫敦去了嗎? （二）終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續，所以，在現在完成時中一般不能和以since，for等引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：1．那老人已經死了一周了。The old man has died for a week．(誤)2．他三天前就已經來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago．(誤)在以上兩句中，die和come都是終止性動詞，可用於現在完成時，但不能與以since或for引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。那麼，上面兩個句子應該怎樣譯成英語呢?請看下面四種譯法：1．把終止性動詞改為延續性的動詞。例如：①The old man has been dead for a week．②He has been here since three days ago．2．把原句中的一段時間改為表示「過去」的時間，時態由現在完成時改變成一般過去時。例如：①The old man died a week ago．②He came here three days ago．3．用「It is+時間+since…」句式。例如：①It is／has been a week since the old man died．②It has been／is three days since he came here．4．用「多長時間+has passed+since…」句式。例如：①A week has passed since the old men died．②Three days had passed since he came here． (三)有關特殊終止性動詞的用法。1．在while(表示一段時間)引導的從句里，謂語動詞不能使用終止性動詞，但可以把while改成when，這樣，從句里的謂語動詞就可以使用終止性動詞了。因為when既可以表示時間的「點」，又可以表示時間的「段」。例如：While he got to America．he found his English Was very poor．(誤)When he got t0 America．he found his English was very poor．(正)2．終止性動詞的否定式與until連用時，意為「直到……才／不到什麼時間不……」等。例如：Don』t get off until the bus stops．車未停穩，切勿下車。3．終止性動詞不可以與how long引導的句式連用。例如：How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)
終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的用法區別
上海市中國中學 黃文英
英語中的動詞，是學習中的重點，又是難點。英語中的動詞有多種分類法。根據其有無含義，動詞可分為實義動詞和助動詞；根據動詞所表示的是動作還是狀態，可以分為行為動詞和狀態動詞；根據動詞所表示的動作能否延緩，分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
可以表示持續的行為或狀態的動詞，叫做「延續性動詞」，也叫「持續性動詞」，如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暫、瞬間性的動詞，叫做「終止性動詞」，也可叫「短暫性動詞」，或「瞬間性動詞」，如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
終止性動詞構成的現在完成時，不可以用表示一段時間的狀語（如：since 和for引導的短語）來修飾，終止性動詞構成的現在完成時，只表示動作發生的因果關系，不能表示動作的延續，因此不能用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾。
如可以說：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可說：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因為start是終止性動詞, 它所表示的動作短促, 當紅十字會出發時，start這個動作便結束了, 不可能延續兩天。
在十多年的教學生涯中，發現學生對於如何解決這對矛盾不知所措，下面我來歸納一下解決這對矛盾的四種方法。
用ago時間狀語短語來代替since或for引導的時間狀語：
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
應改為: He returned from America two years ago.
2．用It is… since…復合句代替簡單句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意：以上兩種辦法適用於所有終止性動詞。
3．用相應的形容詞和副詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4．用延緩性動詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
應改為:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但須注意：終止性動詞的否定式可以和since 或for 引導的時間狀語連用。因為終止性動詞的否定表示的是一種可以延續的狀態。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven』t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)
此外，終止性動詞與延緩性動詞在翻譯上也不同，很易混淆。下面我再就終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的含義問題做一歸納：
1. 在連詞since引導的時間狀語從句中， 用終止性動詞的過去時或用延緩性動詞過去時，其含義是大不相同的。
A. since所引導的時間狀語從句中，如果句子謂語是終止性動詞的過去時， 則從句表示的時間是從「那一時刻開始」。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自從他來校以來，一貫努力學習。
B. 在since所引導的時間狀語從句中，其謂語是延緩性動詞的過去時，那麼從句所表示的時間是從延緩性動詞所表示的動作結束時算起。
eg. I haven』t heard any noise since I slept.
自從我醒後，沒聽見任何聲音。
介詞for引導的時間狀語，在翻譯時有兩種不同的情況：
A．介詞for引導的時間狀語和延緩性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用時，有兩種不同的含義。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那兒已六個月了。（或： 他住在那兒還不到六個月。）
B．介詞for引導的時間狀語和終止性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用，只有一種含義。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
瑪麗已六個月沒有離開過這兒了。
句中含有till 或until 引導的短語或從句，從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的，也可以是終止性的，但要注意兩種情況：
如果主句中動詞是延續性的動詞，動詞肯定或否定都可以，只是含義不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他聽無線電一直到他父親回來為止。
eg. He didn』t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父親回來，他才聽無線電。
如果主句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞，則只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn』t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五歲才結婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)
『貳』 上海新世紀英語七年級的語法重點
其實很簡單 看看書上的語法 就夠用了 我們考試都離不開書 祝你考試成功。
『叄』 七年級英語語法
一般就是名次的單復數,名詞的格,冠詞等,1. 形容詞的用法；
2. 副詞的用法；3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法；4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區別和位置。我覺得最重要的是動詞了
你可以根據書後的單詞和附錄來看
暑假時我做初三學生的家教,找了動詞方面的語法,其實你可以綜合的講
下面是我暑假用的一些
初中英語語法總結
( 動詞的時態)
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4） 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時，用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以後句用一般現在時。
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？
2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那時，布朗一家無論什麼時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如：It is
time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ，例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you
came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在
。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）
注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。
1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing：對……已感到習慣，或"習慣於"，to是介詞，後需加名詞或動名詞。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。
11.4 一般將來時
1） shall用於第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱，在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？
2） be going to +不定式，表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢？
b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next
month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4） be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意願。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開？十分鍾後。
2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3）在時間或條件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後，讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡，就寫信給你。
4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have（has） +過去分詞。
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）
I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）
He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
（1） ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
（錯）I have received his letter for a month.
（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四種用法
1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past
six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後，變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後，變化可大了。
4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1） 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）
2） 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several
times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。
11.15 過去完成時
1） 概念：表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。 那時以前 那時 現在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
3） 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1） 兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先後，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。
2 ） 兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 將來完成時
1） 構成will have done
2） 概念
a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經到達上海了。
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法：
a. 表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。（說話時並未在寫，只處於寫作的狀態。）
c. 表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由於沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
11.20 過去進行時
1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。
3） 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C.
割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，後跟形容詞，如：fall sick。
『肆』 七年級英語重點、語法 口訣總匯
定冠抄詞真古怪，不知何時才能戴。列舉以下諸情況，只有此時才能戴。特指某些人或物，彼此雙方都明白。前面提過人或事，序數詞前緊緊挨。形容詞的最高級，樂器名稱頭上戴。獨一無二宇宙間，普名組成專名來。習慣用語一家人，巧學妙用記得快！
使用定冠別糊塗，下列情況不加入。名前已有定修飾，專有名詞不可數。復數名詞表一類，職務頭銜與稱呼。四季星期節日月，三餐球類固片語。物質名詞表一般，抽象名詞也應無。靈活運用多思考，反復推敲少失誤。
『伍』 初一英語重點語法有哪些
初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發的，但語法中常會有一些知識點看起來很細小，容易被忽視，但這些知識點掌握不熟練，往往會造成一些語法應用上的錯誤。因此在學習初一英語語法時，要認真、細心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。
下面從幾個方面，總結出了初一英語語法，如果要復習英語句法的同學，可以參考一下，
一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：
一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A） 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下：
一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：
一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：
一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)
e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)
否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.
c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.
e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.
When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What』s your favourite color? It』s black.
⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.
What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.
What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.
14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.
17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.
What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
三、初一英語語法——時態
1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.
情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.
行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.
2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.
They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.
『陸』 給點上海英語初一年級英語語法試卷
1( ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.A. are B. were C. is D. was( ) 2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were( ) 3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.A. were B. are C. is D. was( ) 4 -How many children ____ in the picture?A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there2( ) 1 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.A. were B. has been C. / D. was( ) 2 Most of our earth____ covered by water.A. are B. is C. was D. were( ) 3 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 4 Neither___right.A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't3( ) 1 The population of the world ____ still ____ now.A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown( ) 2 There ____ many people running in the park every morning.A. is B. were C. are D. have( ) 3 These police often___the children across the street.A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping4( ) 1 ___ going to England by air next week.A. The Green family are B. The Greens family areC. The Green's family are D. Green family are( ) 2 The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all( ) 3 Our class ___ big.A. is B. are C. were D. will5( ) 1 Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.A. is B. are C. am D. be( ) 2 Either you or he ____ right.A. are B. is C. does D. were( ) 3 Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.A. is B. are C. is not D. are not( ) 4 Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.A. is B. was C. are D. has6( ) 1 Physics ___ interesting to us.A. are B. has C. is D. were( ) 2 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.A. is B. was C. were D. are( ) 3 Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.A. are B. were C. was D. is參考答案：1. 1 -4 C D A D2. 1-4 D B A C3. 1 -3 C C A4. 1 -3 A D A5. 1 -4 C B A C6. 1 -3 C B D 初一英語語法句型轉換專項試題1 What』s the time? What time __________ _________?2 Are you all here today? _________ ________ here today?3 That』s OK. That』s _________ __________.4 Thank you very much. Thanks ________ _________.Lily is in Class Two. Lucy is in Class Two, too.Lily and Lucy ________ ___________ Class Two.6 It』s six forty-five. It』s ________ __________ to ________.7 My bike is broken.(就劃線部分提問)。 What』s _________ ______ your bike?8 I want an English book.(就劃線部分提問)。_______ ________ you want? 9 You can do it now. （變否定句） You ________________ do it now.10 I have a new bag. （變一般疑問句） _________ _________ have a new bag? _____________ you ______________ a new bag?11 This is my box.（變復數） __________ _________ my ________.12 There is some water in the glass. （變否定句）There ________ ________ water in the glass. There are some boxes on the table.（變單數） There ________ _________ _________ on the table. There are seven pencils in the pencil-box. (就劃線部分提問)________ _______ pencils _______ there in the pencil-box?15 Don』t give him the book. （變肯定句） ____________ him the book.16 There are some tea in the cup. (就劃線部分提問)__________ _________ in the cup?17 What do you want? What _______________ you _______________18 Throw it like this. （變否定句） ______________ throw it like this.19 Can you swim? (肯定/否定回答) Yes, _______ ________. _________, I __________.The pens are on the floor. (就劃線部分提問) ________ ________ the pens?There is a kite in my bedroom. （變復數）There _______ _________ __________ in my bedroom.I』m in Grade One. (就劃線部分提問) ____________ grade are you _____________?The boys are playing football. (變一般疑問句) ___________ the boy _____________ football?My father is mending a bike. (就劃線部分提問) ___________ your father _____________?Kate has a cat. （變否定句） Kate ______________ _______________ a cat.They have some big apples. (變一般疑問句) __________ they ____________ _____________ big apples?27 Does she have a sister?(否定回答) _______________, she ______________.28 My favorite color is white. (就劃線部分提問) ____________ ___________ your favorite colour?____________ ___________ do you ____________ best?29 Today is Sunday. (就劃線部分提問)_________ ________ is_________ today?30 We are having an English lesson.（變否定句）We ___________ ___________ having an English lesson.書面表達專項練習書面表達評分標准：第一檔次：9—10分 內容完整，用詞准確，句子通順、連貫，單詞拼寫和標點符號使用正確，書寫工整。第二檔次：6—8分 內容基本完整，表達尚清楚，句子連貫，語言基本正確。第三檔次：3—5分 內容不夠完整，表達尚清楚，但句子不夠連貫，行文有錯誤。第四檔次：1—2分 只有一些內容，表達不清，錯誤連篇。要求：根據所給提示，寫一篇50個詞左右的短文。範文：提示：今天是星期天，李雷不用上課，他和爸爸一起去動物園。在那裡他看見很多動物，有老虎、猴子、熊貓和熊。這些動物每天都有食物喂養，但它們並不快樂，它們喜歡生活在森林，因為動物園的生活與森林中的生活不一樣。 Today is Sunday. Li Lei doesn』t go to school. He goes to the zoo with his father. He sees many animals there, such as tigers, monkeys, pandas and bears. These animals are given food everyday, but they are not happy in the zoo. They like living in the forest because the life in the zoo is different from the life / that in the forest .一今天是星期一。張老師想把一些書拿到課室。我和張明去幫他。我找到一個大箱子。我們把書裝進箱子。箱子里滿滿的都是書。我們一起把書拿到課室去。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二我的房間這是我的房間。房間不大。在牆上有三幅畫。在窗邊是我的桌子。桌子上有一台電腦和一些書。我的床上放著一件外套。床底下是我的足球鞋。你還能看到什麼東西嗎？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三我的朋友我有一個好朋友。她有長長的頭發，圓圓的臉，大大的眼睛和小小的嘴巴。她喜歡游泳和讀書。她的英語很好，我的數學很棒。我們互相幫助，互相學習。看！她正在跳舞呢！My friend________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四足球是Jim最喜歡的運動。每個星期天下午他都和朋友們去踢球。他踢得很好。是學校足球隊的隊員。Ronaldo是他最喜歡的足球運動員。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五今天是星期五，天氣晴朗。Lily 和Lucy 在上學。她們正在上一節數學課。她們的爸爸在上班。他是一個醫生。她們的媽媽在家。她在做家務。她們的弟弟John今年三歲，他沒有上學。他在和一隻貓玩。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七格林先生從美國來。他教我們英語。他每周去上漢語課，並且學習很認真。他的兩個孩子現在也在中國。他們也能說一點漢語。王叔叔是格林先生的一個好朋友。現在，他正為孩子們製造一架模型飛機。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案一Today is Monday. Mr. Zhang wants to take some books to the classroom. Zhang Ming and I go to help him. I find a big box. We put the books in the box. The box is full of books. We carry the box to the classroom together. 二My RoomThis is my room. It』s not a big room. There are three pictures on the wall. My desk is near the window. There is a computer and some books on the desk. There is a coat on my bed. My football shoes are under the bed. What else can you see?三My FriendI have a good friend. She has long hair, a round face, big eyes and a small mouth. She likes swimming and reading. She is good at English. I』m good at maths. We help each other and learn from each other. Look! She is dancing!四Football is Jim』s favourite sport. Every Sunday afternoon, he plays football with his friends. He is very good at playing football. He is on the school football team. Ronaldo is his favourite football player.五 Today is Friday. It』s a fine day. Lily and Lucy are at school. They』re having a math lesson. Their father is at work. He is a doctor. Their mother is at home. She is doing housework. Their little brother John is three. He doesn』t go to school. He is playing with a cat. 六 Jim Green is a student at No. One Middle School. He has classes from Monday to Friday. On Saturdays, he goes swimming with his friends. On Sundays, he goes to the park with his father and mother. On Sunday afternoon, he does his homework. On Sunday evening, he has a good rest.七 Mr. Green is from America. He teaches us English. He has Chinese lessons every week. He studies hard. His two children is in China. They can speak a little Chinese, too. Uncle Wang is Mr. Green』s good friend. He is making a model plane for the children.
『柒』 七年級上冊英語語法歸納
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類：英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一．短語：
1 ．be from = come from 來自於----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6．pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7．the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8．speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9．go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二．重點句式：
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本單元的國家，人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (問路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪裡？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告訴我去……的路嗎？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎樣到達……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪條是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（You』d better+動詞原形）
三．片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……（內）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18．on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重難點解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬於大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的後面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let』s see the pandas first.
11．They』re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法，and通常用於連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時；點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數名詞，表示「許多」時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如：
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？
How are you? 你好嗎？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師？
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結構。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二．重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到達某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 對某事感興趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙於做某事 be strict in sth 對某事要求嚴格 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 decide to do sth 決定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 find sb do/doing sth 發現某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 給某人某物 give sth to sb 給某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 幫助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it』s time for sth 該做某事了 it』s time for sb to do sth 該某人做某事了
it』s time to do sth 該做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜歡做某事
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事
pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人 pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
practice doing sth 練習做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過某事
remember to do sth 記得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事
show sb sth 給某人看某物 show sth to sb 給某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花費…做某事 spend…on sth 花費…在某物上
start doing sth 開始做某事 start to do sth 開始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下來再做某事
talk about sth 談論某事 talk to/with sb 與某人交談
tell sb about sth 告訴某人關於某事 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看見某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
『捌』 初一英語上冊重點語法歸納
一般現在時，主語單復數，謂語是 am or is are
『玖』 初一英語重點語法有哪些
初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發的，但語法中常會有一些知識點看起來很細小，容易被忽視，但這些知識點掌握不熟練，往往會造成一些語法應用上的錯誤。因此在學習初一英語語法時，要認真、細心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。
下面從幾個方面，總結出了初一英語語法，如果要復習英語句法的同學，可以參考一下，
一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A）、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞，而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式，但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：
一）在後面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員
九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen