『壹』 初三上冊英語語法和重點短語歸納！！
Section A:
1.by working with friends
通過和朋友一起學習
2.make flashcards
製作抽認卡
make vocabulary lists
製作詞彙表
make mistakes
犯錯誤
make up(a conversation)
編造，組成（會話）
3. ask the teacher for help
向老師尋求幫助
ask sb. about sth.
詢問某人關於某事
ask sb. to do sth
請求某人做某事
4. listen to tapes
聽錄音
5. work/study with a group
和小組成員一起學習
6 learn a lot (in) that way
以那種方式學到很多
7. improve ones speaking skill
提高某人的口語技能
8. too…to…
太„„而不能
9. read aloud
朗讀
10. practice conversations with friends
和朋友一起練習會話
practice speaking English 練習說英語
11. Wei Ming feels differently.
衛明有不同的感受
12. watch sb. do sth.
看見某人做某事（全過程動作已結束）
watch sb. doing sth
看見某人正在做某事（片斷，正在進行）
.
13. join an English club
加入英語俱樂部
14. not… at all = not … in the slightest
一點也不，根本不
15. end up doing sth. =finish doing
終止做某事
end up speaking in Chinese 以說漢語結束對話
16. get excited about…
對„„變得興奮起來
17. do a survey about…
做有關„„的調查
Section B:
18. spoken English
英語口語
written English
書面英語
19. make mistakes 犯錯
mistake…for…
把„„誤當做„„
by mistake
錯誤地
20. get the pronunciation right
使發音正確
21. have a partner to practice English with
找一個練習英語的搭檔
22. get/do much writing practice
多做寫作訓練
23. first of all
首先
24. begin with
以„„開始
end up with sth.
以„„結束
25. later on
以後，隨後
26. It doesnt matter
沒關系
27. be afraid to do sth.
害怕做某事
be afraid of sth.
害怕某事
28. in class
在課堂上
29. laugh at sb.
嘲笑某人
30. make complete sentences
造完整的句子
31. help a little/a lot 有一點/很大幫助
32. My teacher is very impressed.
給老師留下了深刻的印象
『貳』 初三上英語第四單元語法聚交翻譯
重要短語抄歸納： 1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家裡 3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海灘 5.visit museums 參觀博物館 6.go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 7.quite a few相當多 8.study for為……而學習 9.go out出去 。
『叄』 初三英語上冊語法
定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記住：
1.what不能引導定語從句.
2.關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）註：
A． 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。
1．先行詞為one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行詞為these時
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定語從句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
註：
A. 介詞如果位於作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之後。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping』s son.
C． 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、修飾時。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關系代詞只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）關系代詞放在介詞之後
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主語時
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三．比較When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
All the students who study hard have passed.學習努力的學生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學生都及格了，他們學習努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學生都很努力。）
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。） 從句是對先行詞的附加說明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。） 與主句關系密切，不用逗號 與主句關系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用「的」連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句後面關系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關系代詞不能省略關系代詞as和which
先研究下面兩個例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。
○2.Tom didn』t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。
這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內容。但有兩點不同之處：
1． 在形式上as引導的非限制性定語從句可位於主句的後面，也可位於主句的前面；而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位於主句的後面，不能位於主句的前面。
2． 在意義上，as引導的定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為「正如……」，「就像……」，而which引導的定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which引導的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。
2． The street hasn』t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）
3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經指出的那樣，英語對於初學者說，是相當難學的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等結構中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對於初學的人來說是太難了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認識所有到會的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。
「One of the +復數名詞」後面定語從句中謂語單復數情況
這一結構後面的定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個復數名詞在數上保持一致。如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +復數名詞這一結構前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語，後面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復數名詞。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修飾the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
as與which引導的定語從句
兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 當與such或the same連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在從句中作主語時，後面常接行為動詞的被動語態，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態，一般要用which作主語。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
英語被動語態
一、概述
英語中有兩種語態，主動和被動。
例如：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。 被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。 所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句) The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)
二、被動語態的構成
被動語態由「助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞」構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught
一般過去時：was／were＋taught
一般將來時：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught
過去進行時：was/were being＋taught
現在完成時：have／has been＋taught
過去完成時：had been +taught
過去將來時：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被動語態的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。 例如： Some more interesting novels were stolen last year. 一些新小說去年被寫了。(沒說小說是誰寫的) This book was published in 1981.這本書出版於1981年。
(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
四、主動語態變被動語態的方法
(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞) (根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made
『肆』 九年級英語第四單元語法聚焦翻譯
One morning before class, when I was running into the classroom, I knocked over the ink bottle on the teacher's desk, and the red ink spilt ① on the desk. I was sure I would be scolded by the teacher. Just at that moment the bell rang and I went to my seat.
「Stand up!」 our monitor said loudly. I stood up and my legs were trembling.
「Who knocked over the ink bottle?」 Miss Ye, the teacher, asked. I kept silent. Many eyes were fixed upon me. Miss Ye walked to me and asked in a low voice,「Did you do it?」
「No, no, I didn't, 」 I said hurriedly②. My face turned red at once. I didn't know why I had told a lie.
「OK, I believe you.」 She patted me on the head and then began teaching.
I felt very sorry. I knew I was wrong. So I went to see Miss Ye in the afternoon.
「I'm sorry, Miss Ye,」 I said. 「This morning I told a lie.」
「I saw the whole thing through the window when I was outside the classroom, 」she said. 「But I didn't scold you. I knew you would come to tell me the truth because I believe you are an honest girl.」
I dropped my head without saying a word.
「I'm happy that you have come,」 she continued. 「You haven't made me disappointed.」
When I heard these words, tears filled my eyes.
課前的一個早晨，當我沖進教室的時候，我打翻了墨水瓶放在老師的書桌上，和紅墨水灑在桌子上。我確信我會被老師罵。就在這時，門鈴響了，我去我的座位。
「站起來！「我們的班長大聲說。我站起來，我的腿在顫抖。
「是誰打翻了墨水瓶？「葉老師問。我保持沉默。許多眼睛盯著我。葉小姐向我走來，低聲問，「你做了嗎？「
「不，不，我沒有，」我連忙說。我的臉變紅了。我不知道我為什麼要撒謊。
「好吧，我相信你。」她拍拍我的頭，然後開始教學。
我感到很抱歉。我知道我錯了。所以我去看葉小姐在下午。
「對不起，葉小姐，」我說。「今天早上我撒謊了。」
「我看到了整個事情的經過的時候，我在教室外面，」她說。「但我沒有罵你。我知道你會來告訴我真相，因為我相信你是個誠實的女孩。」
我把我的頭一句話不說。
「我很高興你來了，」她繼續說。「你沒有讓我失望。」
當我聽到這些話時，我的眼睛充滿淚水。
『伍』 初三上冊英語第四單元語法總結
Unit 4
一、知識點
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用復數。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用復數。
3What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣？（引導條件狀語從句、疑問句）
eg What if she doesn』t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦？
What if your parent don』t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦？
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦？
7、before 引導一個句子，為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等，則為介詞。
8、food 表示食品種類，一種食物時，為可數名詞
What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。
She is tall.
What』s ×× like? 問「品質性格」。
She is outgoing.
12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告have a report 聽報告
13、permission (n.) 允許，許可 permit (v.) 允許
Don』t read others』 diary without permission.
14、plenty of 充足的，相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞，只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一夥人
③ 陪伴
I would like your company if you are free tonight.
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①進行，進展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了？
②相處
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎？
I』m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。
18、would rather … than … （= would … rather than）寧願，而不願。
前後連接兩個動詞原形，否定形式為：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞，動詞應為v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常單獨使用，表示「寧願做…」
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
連接兩個並列成分，前後對稱。
eg I』d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞，放在名詞之後
eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這里的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的
the passage below 下面的這段話
22、the rest 其餘的，可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞
23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。類似於think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的？
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出干……
二、短語
1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣？ 4、get nervous 緊張
5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於
7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可
11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one』s permission 請求××的允許
13、introce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…干…
15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一點也不 17、right away 立刻，馬上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間
21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽
23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗
30、deal with 對付，處理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地，無意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 網友
三、句子
1、He doesn』t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。
2、You shouldn』t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人說什麼。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元，你會干什麼？
4、If I were you, I 『d take a small present.如果我是你，我會帶一個小禮物。
5、I』m too tired to do well.我太累了，沒考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。
7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人？
8、I』d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他（她）到我家吃飯。
9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。
11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。
12、She doesn』t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I』ll get out of here.如果我是你，我會離開這里。
祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)
『陸』 初三上冊英語語法點
1.
seem
形容詞
Everything
seems
easy.一切似乎很容易。
2.
seem
名詞
He
seemed
an
honest
man.他看上去像是個老實人。
This
seemed
to
us
an
ideal
plan.我們感到這是個完美的計劃。
3.
seem
不定式
The
maths
problem
seems
to
be
very
difficult
to
work
out.這道數學題似乎很難解決。
I
seem
to
have
caught
a
cold.我好像是感冒了。
4.
seem
過去分詞
Our
teacher
seemed
stopped
by
the
question.我們的老師似乎是被那個問題難住了。
His
story
seemed
revealed.他的謊言似乎已被揭露。
5.
seem
doing
No
one
seemed
thinking
that
way.似乎沒人那樣想。
She
seemed
lacking
in
enthusiasm
when
we
were
talking
about
that
film.我們談論那部電影時，她看來好像沒多大熱情。
6.
seem
like
n./
V-ing，意思是"看起來像……"
It
seems
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.自從我上次見到你以後，好像是過了好幾年。
Those
cards
seemed
like
so
many
little
flags
dotted
about
the
schoolroom.那些卡片好像許多面小旗點綴著教室。
7.
There
seems
to
be...,意為"似乎有；好像有……"
There
seems
to
be
no
work
for
you
to
do
now.看來現在沒有工作需要你做了。
8.
It
seems/seemed
that從句
It
seems
that
he
is
lying.看來他在撒謊。
It
seemed
that
no
one
knew
what
happened.看來沒有人知道發生了什麼事。
9.
It
seems/seemed
as
if從句
It
seems
as
if
he
were
in
a
dream.看來他像是在做夢。
『柒』 初三上冊英語第一單元語法要點翻譯
重要短語歸納：
1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家裡
3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海灘
5.visit museums 參觀博物館 6.go to summer camp去參觀夏令營
7.quite a few相當多 8.study for為……而學習
9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分時間
11.taste good嘗起來很好吃 12.come up出來,發生
13.of course當然 14.feel like給……的感覺；感受到
15.go shopping去購物 16.in the past在過去
17.walk around四處走走 18.because of因為
19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天
21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明
23.go on繼續 24.take photos照相
25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下
27.have a good time玩得高興=enjoy oneself=have great fun