『壹』 初中一年級英語上冊從第幾課開始講語法的
語法是穿插在課文里的,除了預備的前3課,正式的課文的第一課就開始有了。叫做語法聚焦。我說的是人教版的教材。
『貳』 蘇教版初一下學期英語課本上的語法重點
初一下語法總結網站http://www.docin.com/p-159919586.html
1.How do you do?第一次見面
---How do you do
2.It's great to do sth
3.what about ----n/doing
4.play the guitar/violin/piano
5.make sb do sth 使某人做某事
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
6.like/love/enjoy/hate doing sth
7.if+一般現在時.剩下部分一般將來時(will)
8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.
9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.
三種時態:
一般過去時態
Be動詞過去式的句式。
否定句是在was/were後面加not, was not=wasn』t/were not=weren』t。
一般疑問句是把was/were提前並放到句首,要求首字母要大寫。
實義動詞過去式的句式:
肯定式:主語+動詞故去式+其它。如,They had a good time yesterday.
否定式:主語+did not+動詞原形+其他。如,They didn』t have a good time yesterday.
一般疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主語+did. 否定回答:No,主語+didn』t.如,Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn』t.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其他?如,What time did you finish your homework?
一般現在時態
當主語是第三人稱單數時,肯定句為:主語+動詞的s形式+賓語
否定句為:主語+助動詞doesn't+動詞原形+賓語
疑問句為:Does+主語+動詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動詞does.
註:第三人稱單數用了 does 後面就不用動詞的s形式了,而用動詞原形.
動詞的一般現在時態, 除了第三人稱單數(he she it) 外,其餘都用動詞原形。當主語是其他人稱時,肯定句為:主語+動詞原形+賓語
否定句為:主語+助動詞don't+動詞原形+賓語
疑問句為:Do+主語+動詞原形+賓語
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助動詞do.
註:變為疑問句,要在句首加"do" ; 變為否定句, 要在動詞前面加"do not", 可以簡寫為 "don't".
知識點:
1.現在進行時的主要結構
用來表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行的動作和用來表示當前的活動或現極端一直在進行著的動作。
在其句子中一般都會有兩個詞與時態有關:1)表示時間的狀語2)動詞的相應變化。如,I』m reading a book now.在這個句子中,時間狀語now,決定了時態為現在進行時,而動詞am reading也體現了現在進行時。
肯定句:主語+be+v.ing+…
否定句:主語+be+v.ing+…
疑問句:Be+主語+ving?
特殊疑問句+be+主語+ving?
2.ving形式的構成
1)直接在動詞原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing
2)以不發音字母e結尾的動詞,去e再加-ing,如have-having
3)以重讀閉音節結尾的單詞,結尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫這個字母,再加-ing。如,begin-beginning。
望採納
『叄』 現在初一年級英語課主要學什麼單詞,句子,重點是語法,最好有教科
七年級上冊英語片語歸納
1.Good morning 2.Good afternoon 3. Goodevening 4.in English 5.an orange 6.spell it
7.what color 8.a red cup 9. his blue ruler10.her yellow key 11. my name 12.his name
13. her name 14.telephone number 15.firstname 16.last name 17.my friend 18.in China
19.in my family 20.her father 21.have a goodday 22.his parents 23.two photos of my family
24.in the first photo 25.in the next picture26.these two girls 27.the name of my dog 28.excuse me
29.what about 30.thanks...for. 31.in theschool library 32.ask...for 33.call...at. 34.school ID card
35.a computer game 36.on the sofa 37. underthe chair 38.in your schoolbag 39.under the table
40.in my grandparents』 room 41.on your head42.tape player 43.model plane 44.under the radio
45.ping-pong bat 46.be late 47.let sb do48.That sounds good. 49 play volleyball 50. watch TV
51.play basketball 52.in the same school53.play..with 54.do sports 55.after class 56.think about
57.next week 58.some fruit 59.get salad60.ask...about 61.eating habits 62.the volleyball star
63.like...for breakfast/lunch/dinner 64.whatfruit 65.one last question 66.be fat 67.want to do sth
68.healthy food 69.forbreakfast/lunch/dinner 70.how much 71.a sweater for school 72.two dollars
for one pair 73. a pair of /two pairs of 74.clothes store 75. at our great sale 76. at very good prices
77.skirts in purple 78.Happy birthday .79.how old 80. in August 81. on May 1st 82. come to my
birthday party 83.at three p.m 84.Englishtest 85.school trip 86.School Day 87.book sale 88.
English Day 89.art festival 90.Sports Day91.soccer game 92.this term 93. my favorite subject
94. on Monday 95.the next day 96. for sure97.from...to 98.have an art lesson 99.on Friday
afternoon 100.your math class
七年級英語上冊知識語法總匯
Starters units1—3
1. ---What』s this in English? ---It』s anorange. (其中 what』s = _______ ____; it』s =____ ___) the key? --- --- red. (其中they』re = ______________)
3. ① a或an
a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以母音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple. ② the表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
如:This is a cat. The cat is white.It's an English book. The book is yellow and green. 注意:一個f ____f (類似的字母還有h, l, m, n, r, s, x) 一個u _____u
Unit 1
1.我姓格林。你姓布朗嗎? My last name is Green. _____ _______ _______ _______ Brown?
2. first name 名字 = given name last name 姓氏 = family name anID card 一張身份證
3. phone number 電話號碼 = telephone number 4. name』s = name is I』m = I am
5. 我____ 你____ 他 _____ 她 ____ 他的 ____ 她的 ____ 你的_____我的___
Unit 2
1. isn』t = _____ _____ ; aren』t = _____________ 不是 2. play computer games玩電腦游戲
3. call sb.at+ 電話號碼 撥(某電話號碼)找某人 4. excuse me 請原諒,打擾了
5. a set of keys 一串鑰匙 6. How do you spell (it 為賓格) 你怎麼拼讀它呢?
7. Is this/ that your dictionary? 這/那是你的字典嗎? 答:Yes, it is. / No, it isn』t.
8. Thank you very much. 答:You』re welcome. (不用謝)
Unit 3
1. these』re = ______ _____ those』re = __________ that』s = _____ ____ 注意:this is _____縮寫
2. thanks for +動詞ing 為„感謝 Thanks forme.=Thanks for your help.感謝你的幫助。
3. a photo 你的全家福照片
4. 比較:這是你的信。 es. 這是那些手錶。 Unit 4
1. under the chair /on the floor在椅子下/在地板上 in the room 在房間里
2. take ―帶走‖,從近處帶到遠處如:Please take these books to Mary. 請把這些書帶給瑪麗。 bring ―帶來‖,從遠處帶來 如:Pleasesome books.請給我帶些書來。
3. need + 某人或某物. ―需要…‖ 如:She needsthese books. 她需要這些書。
4. 比較:thebaseball? ies?
--- ---5. I know. 我知道。否定句:I don』t know. 我不知道。 一般疑問句:Do youknow? 你知道嗎?
6. Can you bring some things to school ? 你能帶一些東西來學校嗎?答:Yes, I can. / No, I can』t.
Unit 5
1. 球類運動前不用the,如:play volleyball/ basketball every day 每天打排球/籃球
2. play sports做運動,參加體育比賽 = do sports sports collection體育收藏 sportsclub 體育俱樂部
3. watch TV 看電視 watch them on TV 在電視上觀看它們
4. Let + 代詞的賓格 + 動詞原形 「讓某人做„„」
如:Let』s ( = ______ _______) go. 讓我們走吧。 Let me see. 讓我看看。
5. have (第三人稱單數形式)_____ do (三單) _____ they (賓格)______us(主格)______
7. 比較good 和well :That sounds good. 那聽起來不錯。 He can play chess well. 他下棋下得好。
8. 比較:---Dothey have a computer? ---Does he have a soccer ball?
---Yes, they do. / No, they don』t. ---Yes,he does. / No, he doesn』t.
Unit 6
1. have … for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 早餐/ 午餐/ 晚餐吃„„
2. healthy food健康食品
4. good(adj. 好的)& well(adv. 好)The good runner eats well.這個優秀的運動員吃得好。
5. 名詞所有格:① 一般加 』s;以 s 結尾的(特別是名詞復數),在 s 後加 』 如:
Sally』s address 莎莉的地址 the teachers』 room 老師們的房間 three hours』class 三小時的課
② Mary and Linda's desk 瑪麗和琳達的課桌(兩個人共有的課桌,desk用單數)
Mary's and Linda's birthdays 瑪麗的生日和琳達的生日(各自的生日,birthday用復數)
③ …of + 名詞 (無生命的物體) 如:the color of the sweater a photo of yourfamily
Unit 7
1. How much is this sweater? = 這件毛衣多少錢一件。
2. at a very good price 以優惠的價格 on sale 廉價出售;出售 great sale 大減價
3. T-shirts 黑色的T恤衫 錢的數量錢的數量 以……(具體的)價格 我們以15美元出售黑藍色的帽子。
同義句:We sell black and blue hats atthe price of $15.
5. Here you are. 給你。 6. You're welcome. 不客氣。
Unit 8
1. date of birth 出生日期 =birthday 2. how old 幾歲,多大年紀
3. I』m twelve. = I am twelve years old. 我十二歲。
4. ① on + 具體某一天或具體某一天的早、中、晚 如:on Sunday on January 2nd 在1月2號
on the morning 在十月一號的早晨 on Monday evening 在星期一晚上
② in + 時間段 如:inthe morning / afternoon / evening在早晨/中午/晚上
in a year / month/ week在一年/月/周里 in April在四月里 in 2011 在2011年 ③ at+ 幾點,例如: at 8:00 at noon/ night在正午/夜裡
5. 特殊疑問詞:what(什麼),how(怎麼樣,如何),where(在哪裡),when(何時),who
(誰),what time (幾點),how much(多少+不可數名詞;多少錢),how many (多少
+可數名詞)
Unit 9 她最喜歡的學科是科學。
2. on Wednesday 在星期三 3. after class 課後 after school 放學後
4. play with 和„玩耍 5. 對星期幾提問:What day is ittoday? 對日期提問: What』s the date today?
否定句:The students don』t go toschool every day.
一般疑問句:Do the students go to schoolevery day? 回答:Yes, they do. / No, they don』t.
否定句:Mary doesn』t do homework at20:00.
一般疑問句:Does Mary do homework at20:00? 回答:Yes, she does. / No, she doesn』t.
七年級上冊英語詞彙專練
一 用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. What』s _______(you) name?
2 .Nice to _______(meet) you.
3. ______(I) name is Gina.
4. 1 _______(he) name is Jim.
5._______(be) you Mary?
6. What ________(be) her name?
7. Hello! I ___________(be) Alan.
8.. Here are two ______ (picture).
9.. Is _____ (these) your eraser?
10.. _______ (that) are my brothers.
11.. ______ (Her) isn』t Susan. Her name isMary.
12. Lin Hai and Guo Peng are my ______(friend).
13. My name _________(be) Jenny. 51. He eatstwo _______ (egg) for breakfast.
14.. Barry ______(like) fruit salad.
15.. Here are some _______(tomato).
16.. They eat _____ (good) and they arehealthy.
17.. He is a good _______ (run).
18..Thereare some ________(tomato)in thebasket.
19..Do youlike French ________(fry)?
20..She________(have)ice cream fordessert.
21..________(health)food is important.
22.She________(do not)play sports.
23..________your mother ________(watch)TVevery day?
24..Thelittle girl likes ________(strawberry)a lot.
25.Lots ofchildren(孩子) like ________(play)football.
26.Chicken________(be)very delicious.
27.Mydaughter ________(run)eveningmorning.
28.He wants ________ (swim) in the pool.
『肆』 初一英語知識點總結
一.短語
1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at home
study for exams Central Park show sth to sb
.help him find his father walk back to… go shopping
the Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth
.bus trip the Great Wall Tian』an Men Square
.a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth
.decide to do sth all day
二.重點句子和注意事項
1.Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.
Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.
Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.
Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.
2. Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?
Yes, I/he/she/they did.
No, I/he/she/they didn』t.
3. How were the movies? They were fantastic
4. have fun doing something 干某事有樂趣
= enjoy oneself doing something
We have fun learning and speaking English .
We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English .
我們學英語有很多樂趣 .
5. find sb. doing sth. 發現某人在干某事 find sb. do sth. 發現某人干過某事
I find him reading the novel (小說).
I found him go into the room .
6. corner 角落,角,拐角處
in the corner 在角落裡(指在建築物裡面)
at the corner 在拐角處(指在建築物外面或道路的拐角)
My bike is at the corner .
7. be lost 迷路了=get lost , lost (adj.)
The girl was lost in the big city .
8. help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb for sth 幫助某人干某事
He always helps us learn English
9. make sb. do sth. 讓/使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不帶to
The movie makes me relaxing .
Let the boy do his homework alone .
10. feel+ adj. 感到...
I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited
11. decide to do sth. 決定干某事
They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
一. 片語
1.. TV shows(電視節目)
soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoon Beijing Opera
Animal World Tell it like it is Law Today game show
CCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and Nature
Chinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52
Sports news sports show Culture China
2. write an article for the school magazine.給學校雜志寫一篇文章
3. a thirteen - year - old boy.一個十三歲的男孩
4. wear colorful clothes.穿著顏色鮮艷的衣服
5. interview sb. 采訪某人 in fact. 實際上
6. wear scarves. 戴著圍巾 think of 想起,考慮到
二.重點句型
1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.
三.重難點解析
1. wear (v. 動詞) "穿,戴,佩"。根據不同賓語,翻譯不同的漢語意思。
wear earrings 戴耳環 wear a dress 穿連衣裙wear a watch 戴手錶
wear a beard 蓄鬍子wear long hair 留長發
2. think "想,考慮,思索"(v. 動詞)可以和許多介詞搭配,組成新的意思。
A:think of "考慮";"有...的看法",有時等於think about.
What does he think of Beijing Opera?他對京劇有什麼看法?
My mother always thinks of everything!我媽媽總是想到所有的東西。
think highly of sb. /sth. 對某人或某物評價甚高
Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布萊克先生對他兒子評價甚高。
B:think about "考慮"(指計劃,觀念,看它是否相宜、可行)
He is thinking about going to China.他正在考慮去中國。
3. too與either的區別
too"也",表示肯定意義,與肯定的表達方法連用;而either"也不",表示否定意義,與否定的表達方法連用。
(1)—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜歡踢足球。—I do, too.我也是(喜歡)。
(2)—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜歡踢足球。—I don't, either.
我也不喜歡。
also也可以表示"也",但一般情況下,too和either放在句子之後,also放在動詞之前。
We also love talk shows.我們也喜歡訪談節目。
4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一個十三歲的男孩
此結構中,year用單數形式,且用連字元,這種結構用作定語。
a five - month - old baby 一個五個月大的嬰兒
5. enjoy (v. 喜愛,享受)
enjoy後面接名詞、代詞或動名詞,注意與like/ love用法的區別。like/ love還可以接動詞不定式(to do)。
I enjoy the soap operas.我喜愛肥皂劇。
I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜愛看肥皂劇。
但我們不能說:I enjoy to watch the soap operas.
只能說:I like / love to watch the soap operas.
6. mind 表示"介意,反對"的意思時,通常用在疑問句、否定句中。
Would you mind opening the window?請你打開窗子好不好?
He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一點都不在乎寒冷的天氣。
多用於以下句型:(表示請求或徵求意見)後接動名詞/名詞/代詞。
Would you mind (doing) ...?Do you mind (doing) ...?
7. stand 表示忍受(多用於否定句、疑問句)
He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎熱的天氣。
Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼嗎?
9. What do you think of ...? 你認為...怎麼樣?(談論對某事物的喜好程度)可選擇的回答有:
(1)I like it.
(2)I don't mind it.
(3)I don't like it.
(4)I can't stand it.
(5)I like it very much.
(6)I love it.
(7)It's beautiful.
(8)They're fantastic
Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
一.短語.
1. in class 在課上 2. on school nights 在上學的晚上 3. school rules 校規
4. no talking 禁止交談 5. listen to music 聽音樂 6. have to 不得不
7. take my dog for a walk 帶狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃飯9. in the hallway 在走廊上 10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上學遲到 12. after school 放學後 17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 練習彈吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友見面 16. by ten o'clock.十點之前 18. the Children's Palace 少年宮 19. help my mom make dinner 幫助我媽做飯
二.重點句型
1.Don』t arrive late for school=Don』t be late for school
2.Don』t fight =
3.Don』t listen to music in the classroom.
4.Don』t run in the hallways
5.Don』t smoke .It』s bad for your health.
6.Don』t play cards in school
7.Don』t talk in class
8.Don』t watch TV on school nights.
9.Don』t sleep in class.
10.Don』t play sports in the classrooms.
11.Don』t sing songs at night.
12.Don』t talk when you eat.
13.Don』t wear hats in class.
14.Do homework by 10:00.
15.Clean your house!
16.Make the bed.
17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can』t.
Eg:Can we arrive late for class ?
No, we can』t. We can』t arrive late for class.
18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don』t.
三. 重難點解析:
1. 情態動詞have to 的用法,意思是"必須、不得不",它側重於客觀上的必要和外界的權威。(1)結構:主語+have to+動詞原形+其他
(一般現在時,主語是第三人稱單數時,用has to;句子是過去時,用had to.)如: We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在體育課上,我們必須穿運動鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 湯姆每天必須練習彈吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5點起床。
(2)否定形式:主語+don't have to+動詞原形+其他
(一般現在時,主語是第三人稱單數時,用doesn't have to. 句子是過去時,用didn't have to)
如:Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我們不必馬上完成作業。
(3)疑問句:Do (Does或Did)+主語+have to +動詞原形+其他
如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必須呆在家裡嗎?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的,我必須。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11點前上床睡覺嗎?
2. 情態動詞can的用法
(1)表示能力,"會""能"(在第一冊中已經學習這種用法)
Can you play the guitar? 你會彈吉它嗎?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂會說一點中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2)表示允許、許可,"可以"、"能"(在這一課中新學的詞義)
Can the students run in the hallways? 學生們可以在走廊上跑嗎?We can eat outside. 我們可以在外面吃東西。Can I come in? 我能進來嗎?
注意 同樣是情態動詞,can 和have to 的用法是有區別的,和大部分情態動詞一樣,can在否定句中,直接在can後加上not,在疑問句中,把can放到主語前面,並且沒有人稱和數的變化。
3. hear,listen和sound都有"聽"的意思,但三者是有區別的。
(1)hear"聽說",側重於"聽"的內容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 聽說你生病了,我很難過。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我從來沒聽過這么有趣的一個故事。
(2)listen"聽"側重於"聽"這一動作。Listen to me carefully. 認真聽我說。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子們喜歡聽音樂。
(3)sound"聽起來",它是系動詞,後面接形容詞等。That sounds great. 那聽起來真不錯。
It sounds like fun. 聽起來挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之間不能用冠詞,bed也不用復數。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大衛每晚必須很早睡覺。
5. arrive late for 與be late for 意思相近,"遲到"Don't arrive (be)late for school. 上學別遲到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天開會遲到了。
6. No talking ! "禁止交談!"no後面加上名詞或動名詞(doing)也表示不要做某事。與don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放濕雨傘!
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸煙!
7.語法(祈使句)
祈使句是用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、號召或者勸告等的句子,這類句子的主語常是第二人稱you,也就是聽話者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的開頭是動詞原形。
如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在這等我!
Be sure to come here on time! 務必准時來到這里!
祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常縮寫成don't)開頭,再加上動詞原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上學別遲到。
Don't fight! 別打架!
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
一定選我哦~~~~~~~~~~~
一定選我哦~~~~~~~~~~~
一定選我哦~~~~~~~~~~~
『伍』 如何上初一語法課
初一的語法課要結合語境,讓學生大量練習,讓語法的形式讓學生通過練習中體會總結,這樣有利於於他們形成正確的觀念和概念,有利於學生很好地掌握語法。
『陸』 義務教育課程標准實驗教科書七年級上英語語法、句型和短語歸納
Period One(七年級上Units 1-12)
一、大綱要求
詞彙
單詞
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week
短語
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to
句型
重點句型
What』s…name? Where』s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?
交際用語
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!
二、重點解析
單詞:
1. have
have是英語中一個非常重要的動詞,它在不同的片語中,具有不同的含義,現將其用法簡要歸納如下:
(1) 作「有」講時,強調「所屬關系」,表示「擁有」的意思。其主語常為人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新電腦。
I have many story books. 我有許多故事書。
(2) 「have + 表示一日三餐的名詞」,意為「吃、用餐」。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七點鍾吃早飯。
(3) 「have + 表示食品、飲料等名詞」,意為「吃、喝」。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些麵包。
Please have a cup of tea. 請喝杯茶。
(4) 「have + 表示動作的名詞」,沒有固定的意思,常與表示動作的動詞同義。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look(at…)(朝……)看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一點(……)
(5) 「have + 表示某種活動的名詞」, 意為「進行、舉行」。eg:
have a class 上課 have a birthday party 舉行生日聚會
2. start
start 動詞,意思是「開始,出發」,可用於start to do sth. 和start doing sth.結構中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8點鍾開始上課。
I start to watch TV. 我開始看電視。
They start singing. 他們開始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等詞在英語中被稱為「頻度副詞」,是用來表示動作或狀態的
頻率。使用時位置如下:
(1)放在be動詞之後。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上學經常遲到。
(2)放在行為動詞之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她總是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情態動詞或助動詞之後。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置較靈活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有時還可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有時他步行去上學。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有時在星期六去看我的叔叔。
詞語辨析:
1. each &every
each 代詞,意為「每個」,可作主語、賓語、同位語和定語,強調個體。而every 是形容詞,意思為「每,每個」,只能作定語,強調全體或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每個女孩都有一個香蕉。(此句不能用every替換each)
Give the boys two apples each. 給每個男孩兩個蘋果。(此句不能用every替換each)
Each boy has a sweater. 每個男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每個男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
兩者漢語中的意思相近,都有「看」的意思。但英語中兩詞的用法截然不同。look表示「看」的過程,並不表明「看到」。而且look是不及物動詞,如果表示「看某物(人)」,look後要加介詞at;而see指「看到」,表示「結果」。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!(look只表示「看」,並不一定「看到」)
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什麼?
(see表示「看到」,即 「看的結果」)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示「也」,但在使用的時候too 和also一般用於肯定的陳述句和疑問句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗號隔開;also放在be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞之後,實義動詞之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜歡喜劇。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜歡恐怖片,我也不喜歡。
句型:
1. —What』s your name? 你叫什麼名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 詢問別人姓名,更委婉禮貌的說法有:My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接說:I』m Jenny.
(2) 動詞be變化表
原形
現在式過去式
過去分詞
現在分詞
be
am/is→was
are→were
been
being
2. What』s this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說?
其他幾種不同的表達方式:What』s this called in English? What』s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在該句中為介詞,表示「用……方式」。
3. It』s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,兩者之間不接觸。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 貓在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但兩者可互相接觸。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 書在桌子上。
(3)in 表示「在……內部,在……裡面」。eg:
They are in the office. 他們在辦公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意為「接近,靠近」 eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一個書店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物體的後面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我後面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜歡漢堡包嗎?
(1) like v. 喜歡
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜歡這本書。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一時愛好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示習慣上喜歡做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜歡跳舞。
(2) like 作介詞,表示「像」,與look 或be 連用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他長得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像個英國女孩。
Do it like this. 照這樣做。
5. OK, I』ll take it. 好吧,那我把他帶走了。
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花費某人多少時間 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一個小時才到那兒。
(2) take out 帶出(人),邀請,取出(物) eg:
I』m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我帶孩子們去看電影。
(3) take + a + 名詞= have + a + 名詞 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短語: take part in 參加 take place 發生 take care of 照顧
[注] ① take 當 「拿走,帶到」講時,指把東西帶到別的地方,即把東西從近處帶到遠處。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把這些書拿到教室里去。
② bring也是「拿」的意思,指把東西從別的地方帶到說話人所在地或者他指定的地點
即把東西從遠處帶到近處,意為「拿來」「帶來」「取來」。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 請把這些書帶到我家來。
6. Can you dance? 你會跳舞嗎?
Can 為情態動詞,意思是「能,會,可以」。
(1) 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,即無論主語是第一人稱、第二人稱還是第三人稱,無論是單數還是復數,情態動詞都沒有變化。
(2) 情態動詞後面要跟動詞原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他會說法語。
(3) 帶情態動詞的句子變為疑問句時,將情態動詞提前;變否定句時,在情態動詞後加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can』t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能幫助小孩游泳嗎?
(1)help 可作動詞,指「幫助,援助」,常指積極地給予實際的精神的或物質的幫助,幫助的人值得信賴。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他幫我找到了火車站。
常用的句式有:
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面幫助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老師幫助他學習英語。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常幫媽媽做家務。
(2) 動詞help 還可作 「吃(會餐用語)講。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 請隨意吃水果吧。
(3) can』t help doing sth. 表示「禁不住做某事」;can』t help sb. to do sth. 表示「不能幫助某人做某事」。 eg:
I can』t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起來。
I can』t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名詞,指「幫助,救濟」。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些幫助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我會玩吉他。
(1) play 的賓語為樂器時,意為「演奏「,樂器名詞前要加定冠詞the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴(彈鋼琴)
(2) play 後面可接表示球類的名詞,意為 「打球」或 「踢球」,球類名詞前不加任何冠詞或其他
限定詞,該名詞也不用復數形式。eg:
play basketball 打籃球,不能說 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的賓語常為玩的東西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具(雪,火等)
(4) play 還可作名詞,意為「劇」。 eg: TV play 電視劇。
9. — Can you draw? 你會畫畫嗎?
— Yes, a little. 是的,會一點。
(1) a little「一點,稍微」,為程度副詞,作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。eg:
I like her a little. 我有點喜歡她。(修飾動詞)
The T-shirt is a little big. 這件T恤衫有點大。(修飾形容詞)
(2) a little後加名詞,意思是「一些,少許」,表示肯定概念,作定語,修飾不可數名詞。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我會說一點英語。
(3) little後加名詞,意思是「幾乎沒有,很少的」,表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我幾乎不會說日語。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克,你經常幾點起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我經常五點起床。
若詢問「某人什麼時間做某事」,可用「What time do /does+主語+動詞原形+……」句型。其中what time是用來對具體時間提問的,可以用when替換。若問時間,一般說「What's the time?」,也可以說「What time is it?」,回答說「It's...」,不能說「The time is...」。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什麼時間睡覺?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大約11點睡覺。
— What's the time? 幾點了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11點。
[注]what time 與when 都可以表示「什麼時候」。前者所表示的時間比較精確,指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」;後者表示的時間范圍較廣,有時也可以指「幾點鍾」、「幾時幾分」,用來代替 what time。
語法:
1. 可數名詞&不可數名詞
不可數名詞通常指不能以數目來計算的東西。它一般沒有復數形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等詞修飾,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等詞修飾。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有點兒水。
可數名詞是指能以數目來計算,可以分成個的人或東西。因此它有復數形式,
其構成規則如下:
情況
構成方法
讀音
例詞
一般情況
加-s
清輔音後讀[s],濁輔音和母音後讀[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers
以s, x, ch, sh結尾
加-es
-es讀[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
以ce, se, ze, ge結尾的詞
加-s
讀[iz]
orange-oranges house-houses
以輔音字母+y結尾的詞
變y為i加-es
-es讀[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories
以母音字母+y結尾的詞
加-s
讀[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys
以f或fe結尾的詞
變f或fe為v,再加-es
-ves讀[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
以輔音字母+o結尾的詞
加-es
-es讀[z]
tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes
加-s
-s讀[z]
photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos
[注]① 以th 結尾的名詞變為復數時,mouth-mouths month-months
② 單復數同形的名詞 sheep-sheep 綿羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中國人
fish-fish 魚
(2) 不可數名詞不能直接用a (an)或數詞來修飾。若要表示它的個體意義時,必須與一個表示量的短語連用。eg:
a piece of news 一條新聞 a cake of soap 一塊肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代詞代替不可數名詞,不能用one 來代替。
試比較:
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。請給他一個。
(句中的pears 是可數名詞復數形式,可用one 代替其單數。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃麵包,請遞給他一塊。
(句中的some 不能用one 來代替。)
2. 冠詞的用法
冠詞位於名詞之前,用來說明所指的人或物。冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。
(1) 不定冠詞a, an
a 和an 是不定冠詞的兩種形式。a 用在以輔音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前,而 「an」 用在以母音(指發音不指字母)開頭的詞前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示數量「一」。
② 泛指人或事物的類別。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房間里有一張新書桌。
④ 用於某些固定短語中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠詞the.
the 是定冠詞,它常用於:
① 特指某一個(些)人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily』s. 書桌上的那本書是莉莉的。
②談話雙方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 風箏在哪兒?
—It』s on the wall. 在牆上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房間里有張桌子。桌子上有張地圖。
④序數詞,最高級的形容詞前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 傑克是我們班上最高的男孩。
⑤用於某些專有名詞之前。 eg.
The United States. 美國
⑥世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太陽比地球大。
⑦用在一些習慣用語中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左邊
3. 名詞所有格
名詞所有格表示名詞與其後面的名詞之間的所有或隸屬關系,其功能如同物主代詞,意為「某
人的……」或「某物的……」。
英語中的名詞所有格有兩種形式: 「名詞+』s」所有格和of 所有格。
(1)「名詞+』s」所有格
① 單數名詞後直接加』s;若單數名詞以s結尾,只需要加』。eg:
Jim』s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones』 mother 瓊斯的媽媽
② 以s結尾的復數名詞,只加' 。 eg:
Teachers』 Day 教師節 the twins』 books 雙胞胎的書
③ 不以s 結尾的不規則的名詞復數,加』s。 eg:
Children』s Day 兒童節 men』s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最後一個名詞後加』s;表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞後加』s。
注意比較:
Lucy and Lily』s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽
Lucy』s and Kate』s rooms 露茜和凱特各自的房間
(2) of 所有格:動物和無生命名詞的所有格一般使用介詞of 短語來表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字 a picture of our school 一張我們學校的圖片
有時有生命的東西也用of 所有格,可與「名詞+』s」所有格互換。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy』s name 這個男孩的名字
額外收獲:
① 表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞也可以使用「名詞+』s」所有格。eg:
a few years』 time 幾年時間 today』s newspaper 今天的報紙
② 有些名詞的所有格表示住所、診所、商店時,常去掉後面被修飾的詞。 eg:
to my uncle』s 到我叔叔家
三、鞏固練習
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all (2003. 東北師大附中)
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don』t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 青島)
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at (2003. 天津)
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down (2003. 南京)
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much (2003. 黃岡)
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with (2003. 煙台)
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 杭州)
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that (2003. 山東)
10. Jim』s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes (2003. 寧夏)
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on (2003. 天津)
12. I』ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few (2003. 四川)
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one』s
14. There』ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John』s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John』s uncle B. John uncle』s C. John』s uncle』s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years』 C. a few year D. a few year』s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.