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初二下冊英語必背語法

發布時間:2021-01-15 01:44:46

1. 急求初二下冊英語所有語法,短語

All
all by oneself 獨立,單獨
above all 首先,特別是,最重要的是
after all 到底,畢竟
first of all 首先
in all 總共
most of all 最最
all at once 突然,同時,馬上
all of a sudden 突然
all over (the world) 遍及(全世界)
all right 好吧,行,情況不錯
all sorts of 各種各樣的
all kinds of 各種各樣的
all (just) the same 盡管如此,仍舊(照樣)
all the year round 一年到頭

all the way 從遠處;自始至終

all the while = all the time = always始終
AS(conj., adv.& pron.)
as…as…與….一樣
as a matter of fact 事實上
as a rule 通常
as a result 結果
as a whole 總的來說
as if(as though) 好象
as follows 如下
as for 就….而言
as(so) long as 只要
as soon as 一…就…
as soon as possible 盡快
as usual 象往常一樣
as well 也,還
as well as 同。。。。。。一樣
might(may) as well 不妨
so as to 以便
At (prep.)
at a time 一次,每次

at breakfast 早餐時,正在吃早飯

at first 最初

at home 在家

at last最後,終於

at least 至少

at (the) most至多,不超過

at one time 以前,曾經

at once 立刻,馬上

at night 在夜裡,在晚上

at midnight 在半夜

at present 目前,現在

at times =from time to time

=once in a while 有時候

at sea在大海上,在航行

at one』s own expense 自費

at sb』s service 聽侯某人的吩咐

at table 在進餐

at the table 在桌旁

at the bottom 在底端

at the end (of) 最後,盡頭

at the latest 最遲

at the mercy of 在……的支配下

at the head of 在……的前頭

at the moment 此刻

at the same time 同時

at work 在工作

laugh at 嘲笑

throw at向……扔去

come / run / jump at 撲向…

work hard at 努力工作(學習)

By (prep.)

by accident偶然地

by air(sea, bus…)乘飛機(乘船,乘車……)

by chance = by accident 碰巧,偶然地

by day(night) 在白天(夜晚)

day by day 一天天地

by and by 不久

by far得多,最最

learn (know)…by heart 記熟,背誦

by mistake 錯誤地,由於疏忽所致

by all means

=by any means無論如何,

以任何手段

by oneself 獨自地

one by one 一個一個地

by the way 順便說(問)

by way of …途徑…

by turns 輪流

side by side 肩並肩,並排,一起

by the side of 在……附近

Break (v.)

break away from 擺(逃)脫,脫離,破除

break down (機器、車輛等)壞了,(身體)垮了,中斷,壓倒,分解

break forth 迸發,突然

break in 強行進入,插嘴,打岔,使習慣

break into破門而入,打斷,佔用

break into tears / laughter 突然大哭 / 大笑

break off突然停止(中斷),打斷,折斷

break out爆發,突然發生

break through 突破,打破

break up分解,驅散,停課,腐蝕,散會,

break the ice = break silence打破沉默/僵局

break the law / rules 違反法律/規則

break a promise 違背諾言

break a record 打破紀錄

Bring (v.)

bring about 引起= cause,實現,使發生

bring down 使倒下,使下降,擊落,推翻

bring forth 引起,使產生

bring in 收(莊稼),提出,(使)得到(收入),引入,增加,

bring on 使發生,引起

bring out 說明,闡明,出版

bring to an end 結束

bring up撫養,培養,嘔吐,提出

Call(v.)

call at (a place) 訪問(某地)

call back 回電話

call for要求,需要; 邀約(同往)接,取

call in 來訪,召來,召集,請來,收回

call on(upon) 拜訪/看望(某人),號召,要求

call up 給…打電話,徵召(入伍),叫….起床,使想起(往事)

call off 取消,把…叫開

Catch

1.catch a bad cold

2.catch a bus/train

3.catch fire

4.be caught in the rain/the traffic jam

5.catch hold of

6.catch one』s breath (由於吃驚,害怕等而)屏息, 暫時停止呼吸;緩口氣, 歇口氣

catch one』s eye 引起注意

catch sight of 看見

catch up with 趕上(某人), 在功課等方面趕上來

catch sb. doing

Come(v.)

in the years to come

come into use 開始被使用

come into view 出現在眼前, 進入視線

come true

how come…? = how does/did it happen?怎麼發生的?(某事)怎麼解釋?

come about 發生,造成

come across /upon(無意中)

碰到,找到,想到,越過

come along 跟去,一道去,趕快,進展

come down 下降,下落,傳下來

come into power(office) 執政,就職

come out 出來,出版,發行

come into being/ existence 產生,建立

come to 來到(某地),共計,來參加(活動),談到,恢復知覺 = come to onself

come to a conclusion 得出結論

come to an end 結束

come to nothing(no good) 沒有結果(沒有好處)

die

die away (尤指聲音、風、光)漸漸消失

die down (物質特性和感情的)逐漸減弱,逐漸平息

die off (一群生物)相繼死去

die out (家族, 種族) 滅絕, 死絕 (做法, 觀念) 完全消失, 絕跡, 廢除

die for sth. / to do sth. 迫切想得到某物/想做某事

Do (v.)

do sb.justice 公道的對待

do without 不用,不吃,不要

That will do!那就行了!

do a good deed 做好事,幹得好,搞好工作

do away with 消滅,清除,取消,破除

do good (to sb.) 有好處,有用處,做好事

do harm (to sb.) 有害處,不利

do sb. a favour 幫個忙

do sb. good/ harm 對某人有好處/壞處

do / try one』s best 盡力,竭力

do the deed 付諸行動,生效

do one』s ty 履行職責

do up 收拾,整理,修理,打扮,包,捆

do with 處理,對付,想,將就用

do wonders 創造奇跡

do experiment/ research

do wrong (right) 做錯(對)

have sth (nothing)to do with和…有(無)關

Down(adv. Prep.)

bring down 使倒下,擊落

break down 分解

burn down把……燒成平地,燒光

get down to sth/ doing sth.開始認真(做某事)

hand down 把……傳下來

put down記下,鎮壓

tear down 拆毀,拆除

turn down 關小,調低,拒絕

down the road /street 沿這條街

For (prep.)

for a while 暫時,一時

for ever 永遠

for free免費

for the moment暫時

for one thing, for another (thing)首先,其次

answer for 為…負責

have a gift for 對……有天賦

make a plan for 為……作計劃

pay for sth. 付給…的錢

stand for 代表,象徵

as for / to…至於,說到

care for 喜歡,想要

change… for用……換

fix a date for 約定……的日期

make / head for…朝…方向走去

leave / set out / start for…動身前往…

send for 派人去叫、請

search for

From (prep.)

date from = date back to 始於,追溯到

come from

be made from

die from / of

suffer from 患…病,受…之苦

prevent sb. from doing

stop / keep sb. from doing

tell…from..把…與…區別開

tell right from wrong 辨別是非

free …from ...使…免受

separate …from 把…與…分開

protect sth / sb. from 保護…是不受…

from beginning to end

from side to side

from place to place

from door to door

from west to east

from time to time = sometimes

Give (v.)

give away捐贈, 讓掉, 分發, 分送;泄露(機密), 暴露(自己的情況)

give back還給, 歸還;恢復(健康等)

give on/upon 俯瞰, 對著

give over to移交給, 移作…之用

give place to / give way to

讓位給, 轉而成為

give rise to 引起

give a talk 作報告,作演講

give birth to 生,產生

give in 讓步,屈服,妥協,投降,交上來

give off (散)發出

give one』s life 獻出自己的生命

give sb a hand 幫某人忙

give one』s regards(greetings) to向…問好

give out 散發,分發

give up sth/ doing sth. 放棄,交出,投降

Get (v.)

get about (消息)傳開,到處走動

get along 進行,過活,相處,走開

get away 逃掉,逃跑

get away from 避免,擺脫,離開

get back 回來,收回

get close to 接近

get down 記下來,打下來,落下

get down on one』s knees 屈膝下跪

get down to 開始認真(做某事)

get into the habit of 染上。。。。。。的習慣

get hold of 拿到,找到,抓住

get in 進站,進去,回來,收進去,請來

get in touch with sb. 與某人取得聯系

get off 起飛,(動身)離開,脫下(衣服等)

get on (某方面)進行情況,相處,上車, get on well with 與……相處融洽

get over 克服,忍受,擺脫(疾病等)

get rid of 消滅,擺脫,除掉

get round 傳開,繞過,迴避

get through 做完,結束,通過(電話)接通

get together 聚會,聯歡

get up 起床,站起來,舉辦

get along with sb. 與某人相處

get around/round to sth. 找到時間做某事, 來得及做某事

get into the habit / hobby of.. 養成…習慣/愛好

get off/on the bus/plane/train

Go (v.)

go ahead開始(做某事), 開始(講話);

往前走, 走在前面, 先走

go around (疾病)流傳, (謠言)傳開;滿足人人的需要, 足夠分配

go back to 可追溯到

go down下降, (價格, 價值, 水平, 質量等) 降低;下沉, 沉沒;載入(史冊), 傳下去

go down with 因…病倒(多指突發病) 無被動

go Dutch 各付各的錢

go fifty-fifty 均分攤, 平分, 合力(做某事)

go from bad to worse 越來越糟, 每況愈下

go halfway (to meet sb.) 作一些妥協讓步

go into 調查, 了解, 研究;從事(某一行業);討論, 細談;進入(某種狀態)

go to extremes/the other extreme 走極端/走到另一個極端

go with 相配

go without 不吃, 沒有(供享用) (常指被迫如此)

go for (無被動)攻擊, 抨擊, 批評;去找(某人), 想法得到(某物)

go after 追求,設法得到

go away 走開,離開

go against 違反,違背

go ahead 進行,進展,用吧,說吧,先走

go all out 全力以赴

go bad(食物等)變壞,壞掉

go by 走過,經過

go in for 愛好,從事(某種事業或活動)

go on 發生,進行,進展,繼續下去

go off 走開

go out 出去,熄滅,過時

go over 溫習,審閱,檢查,研究

go through審閱,學習,練習,經歷,經過

go up上漲,上升

In (prep.,adv.)

in a flash 一剎那間

in a word總之,簡言之

in a hurry 匆忙地,很快地

in (actual) fact 事實上

in a sense 從某種意義上說

in a short while 不久,一會而後

in advance 事先,提前

in all 總共,總的來說

in any case不管怎樣

in battle 在戰斗中

in case 如果,以防(有某種情況)

in chains上著鐐銬,在囚禁中

in charge of 主管,負責

in the charge of 被……掌管(負責)

in common 共同,共用

in danger 在危險中

in debt 負債,欠帳

in front 前方,正面對

in front of在……前面

in the front of 在 (某物體內部)的前面

in full 全文地,全部地

in general = generally speaking一般地說

in honour of 為了紀念…,為向…表示敬意

in high / low / poor spirits興高采烈/情緒低落

in love (with sb.) (和某人)戀愛,熱愛

in modern / ancient times 現代,近代/在古代

in one』s opinion 據(某人的)看法

in order to(that) 為了, 以便

in other words 換句話說

in a word = in short 總之,簡而言之

in peace 平靜地,安寧地

in place of = instead of 代替

in public 在公眾面前,公開地

in search of 尋找

in (one』s) search for 尋找,尋求

in return 作為報答

in silence 沉默地,無聲地

in short(=in a word ) 總之

in space 在宇宙空間,在太空

in the air 在空中

in the sky 在天空

in spite of 盡管

in that case 假如那樣的話

in /ring the course of 在……過程中

in the day = in the day time在白天

in the future 將來,以後

in future 今後,日後

in the end 最後

in the meantime 與此同時

in the middle (of)在……中間

in the direction of 朝著….的方向

in all directions =in every direction朝四面八方

in time 及時地

in good time / season 及時地,適時地

in turn 輪流

in return(作為)回報

believe in 相信,信任

bring in 引進,引來,吸收

call in 召來,召集

hand in 上交,遞交

hand in hand 並進,聯合,手牽手

drop in 順便走訪

drop in on sb. / drop in at a place

join in 參加/加入(某項活動)

once in a while 偶爾,間或

play a part / role in 在…起作用 / 扮演角色

stand in line 站在隊伍里

succeed in sth. / doing sth. (在…方面)成功

take part in參加

Keep (v.)

keep a promise 遵守諾言

keep a secret 守秘密

keep watch 注意,警惕,提防

keep back 扣下,隱瞞,忍住(眼淚)

keep body and soul together 維持生活

keep / bear in mind記住,想著

keep off 避開,擋住,不接近

keep one』s balance 保持平衡

keep on doing繼續(干)

keep out 遮擋,使不入內

keep silence 保持沉默(安靜)

keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事

keep up 保持,維持,繼續(某活動)

keep up with 跟上,及時了解(情況)

Let

let alone (用於表示接著提到的事更不可能) 更不用說, 更談不上

let sb./sth. alone 對某人/某事放任不管/置之不理

let sb./sth. be 不打攪/不幹涉某人/某事

let down 把(衣服)加長,放大; 使某人失望, 失約於某人

let in 把某人/某物放入, 允許進入容許, 許可

let sb./sth. off寬恕,從輕處理;免除(責任,處分等);放(槍, 炮等), 使爆炸

let out放出, 釋放;泄露, 使知道

let sb. go 放某人走, 讓某人逃走

Look(v.)

look about/around環顧四周,四周尋找

look up to 尊敬

look on 觀望, 旁觀

look after 照顧 ,照管

look as if 看起來似乎

look back(upon)回想,回顧
6 高中英語常用片語歸納

come on 來吧,趕快

congratulate …on 祝賀

depend on = rely on依靠,相信, 取決於

from then(now) on 從那時(現在)起

feed on以……為主食

have…on穿著,戴著

have an effect on 對……產生作用

insist on doing sth 堅持要做…

live on 靠…為生

look down on(upon) 輕視,看不起

keep on (doing sth) 繼續(做某事)

move on 繼續前進,

pass on 傳遞,轉移到

play a joke / trick on 戲弄(某人)

spend / waste money / time on sth.

Out(adv.,prep)

break out 爆發,突然發生

carry out 開展,執行,實現

check out 查明,結帳

die out 消失,滅亡

find out 找出,查出

give out 分發,散發,用完

hand out分發

help…out 幫某人從困境中解脫

hold out 伸出

look out 留神,當心

pick out 挑出

point out 指出

put out 撲滅,關熄

run out of 用完

send out 發出,派遣

set out發出,開始

show…out 領……出去

try out 實驗

work out 算出,解決,制定出

be tired / worn out 精疲力竭

out of 從……向(往)外

out of breath 上氣不接下氣

out of work 失業,沒工作

out of one』s reach 夠不著

out of question 沒問題

out of the question 不可能

Put(v.)

put sb./sth. through to sb 為某人接通電話

put sb. up 向某人提供食宿

put up with sb./sth 忍受或容忍某人/某事

put away 存起來,收拾起來

put back 推遲,放回(原處),撥回(時鍾)

put down 寫下來,鎮壓

put forward 提出,提前

put in order 整理

put into practice 付諸實施

put off 推遲,延期,關上(開關等)

put on 穿(戴)上,上演,打開(開關等)

put on weight 增加體重

put out 熄滅,生產,出版

put up 舉(架)起,修建,張貼,留宿

send

send away/off for sth. 寫信索取, 郵購

send back 退還不要, 退貨, 發送回來

send down = cause to go down 使下降

send for 派人去請/取, 叫; 去信索取, 郵購

send in (向上級等) 提出, 交上去, 寄去(投稿等)

send off發(信, 包裹), 發送(信息);(給…送行

send on 轉寄(信件)到新地址, 轉送(信件)

send out發出, 發;發出(光亮等), 長出(嫩芽等)

send out for 派人出去買/取

send to 讓上(學等)

send to one』s death 使…送命

send up發射, 發出

Set (v.)

set aside 儲存

set back阻礙…的進展,使受挫,延緩

set about doing 開始(著手)做

set an example 作出榜樣

set down 放下,寫(記)下

set fire to=set…on fire 放火,燒著

set off 使爆炸,引起,起程

set out 出發,動身,開始,著手,列舉,

set sail 起航

set to work (使)開始做……

set up 立(支)起來,成(建)立

Take(v.)

take sth. seriously 認真對待某事

take sth. into consideration 考慮某事

take sth. lying down承認失敗

take a(one』s)seat 就座,坐下

take a look at 看一下

take a photograph (of)照一張(…的)相

take aim 瞄準

take an action 採取行動

take an interest in 對……感興趣

take along 隨身帶著

take away拿走,拿開,使離開

take back 收回,讓退(貨)

take…by surprise 使…吃驚,出奇兵攻佔

take care 注意,當心

take care of 照顧,負責

take charge of 負責

take exercise 做運動

take…for granted 視為當然,想必是

take hold of 抓住,握住

take in 訂閱,使上當,收留,吸收

take…in one』s arm (擁)抱

take it easy 別緊張,放鬆些

take note(notice)of 注意,理會

take notes 記錄,作筆記

take off 脫掉,起飛,減(去)掉

take (a day)off休假(一天)

take office 就職,上任

take on 僱用,招收,具有(……的意思),take on a new look呈現一片新面貌

takeone』s defeat(things)lying down甘心失敗

take (an active) part in(積極)參加

take one』s place 就座,代替某人的職務

take place 發生,舉行

take the place of 代替,取代

take possession of 佔有,擁有

take pride in 為……感到驕傲

take turns ( to do…)輪流 (做)

take up 開始學習,開始(某活動,空間)

take up arms 拿起武器

Turn(v.)

turn a deaf ear (blind eye)to不聽(不理睬)

turn down 拒絕,關小點

turn in 上交,交進去,上床睡覺

turn on(off) 打開(關)

turn out 結果,原來(情況是),產生,製造

turn over 移交,打翻,翻耕,翻閱,考慮

turn to 求助於,翻到,轉到

turn up 出席,出現,開大點,查找

turn around/round 轉過身

turn away 不理睬

turn back 折回, 往回走

turn into 變為, 使變為; 翻譯, 譯為(另種文體)

turn over a new leaf 翻開新的一頁, 重新開始, 改過自新

turn a blind eye to 視而不見, 故意不理turn a deaf ear to 充耳不聞

Up(adv.)

break up 分解,腐蝕

bring up 教育,培養,提出,嘔吐

build up 逐步實現

clear up 整理,弄清,晴(開)朗起來

come up 抬頭,上來,上升

cut up 切碎,齊根切斷

divide up 分配

eat up 吃完,吃光

use up 用光

fix up 安頓,修理好

give up (doing) 放棄,投降,獻出

go up 上漲,上升

grow up 生長,長大

hold up 抬起,阻擋,使停頓

join up 把…連接(聯合)起來

make up 編出,構成,彌補

open up 開創,開辟

pick up 接收,拾起,撿起

put up 舉(架)起,張貼,留宿

round up 趕攏,使集攏

speed up 加快速度

set up 建立,創立

stay up 不睡,挺住,站立

take up 佔去,占據

throw up 嘔吐,吐出

turn up 到達,出現

wake up 醒來

Way(n.)

all the way從遠處, 全程,一直地

ask the way 問路

by the way 順便說(問)

by way of 取道,經由

have a long way to go 還有很長的路

in a(one) way 在某種程度上

in a bad way 身體狀況不好,情況不妙

in any way 在任何(哪)方面

in every way 在各方面,以各種方式

in many ways 在很多方面

in no way 怎樣也不,決不

in the (a) family way 懷孕了

in the way / in one』s way 礙事,妨礙

lead the way 帶路

make one』s way to 向……走去

lose one』s way 迷路

make way for 給……讓路

on the way (to) 在(去)……路上

With(prep.)

agree with sb. / what-clause

(但:agree to sth. / a plan, suggestion…)

compare …with…把…與…相比較

be rich / high in 盛產,…含量豐富

2. 初二英語必掌握、很重要的語法(要全部)

反義疑問句
各種從句(主要是賓語從句的幾個分類)
現在完成時
直接引語
間接引語
各種單詞的用法(+to、+ing、+原型什麼的)

3. 初二英語下冊語法重點

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

4. 初二必會的英語語法有哪些

一、意義與構成
1. 意義:表示過去
1) 發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或後果
2) 某一時間開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態
2. 基本構成:have/has+ done (過去分詞)
3. 句型
基本結構:主語+have/has+ done (過去分詞)
a. 肯定句:主語+have/has+ done (過去分詞)
b. 否定句:主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)
c. 一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)
d. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+ done過去分詞
二、過去分詞
與動詞的過去式一樣,動詞的過去分詞有規則動詞過去分詞和不規則動詞過去分詞兩種.
1. 規則動詞:規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同
1) 一般動詞,在詞尾直接加「 ed 」
如:work—worked—worked; play—played—played; enjoy—enjoyed—enjoyed.
2) 以「e」結尾的動詞,只在詞尾加「d 」
如:dance—danced—danced; live—lived—lived; place—placed—placed.
3) 以「輔音字母 + y 」結尾的動詞,將 「y」 變為 「i」 ,再加「ed」
注意:母音字母+y結尾的動詞的過去分詞的變法參見一般動詞.
如:carry—carried—carried; hurry—hurried—hurried; cry—cried—cried
4) 重讀閉音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加「ed」
如:plan—planned—planned; stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped
2. 不規則動詞
不規則動詞的過去分詞有5種形式:
A-A-A 如:cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit
A-B-B 如:bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;
keep—kept—kept; sell—sold—sold; smell—smelt—smelt;
learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; meet—met—met;
make—made—made; leave—left—left
此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學們認真記憶.
A-B-C 如:begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;
break—broke—broken; forget—forgot—forgotten; eat—ate—eaten;
take—took—taken; do—did—done
此類變化涉及到的動詞較多,需要同學們認真記憶.
A-A-B 如:beat—beat—beaten
A-B-A 如:come—came—come
不規則動詞的過去分詞變化規則多,但是還是有一定的規律所循,希望同學們多花心思,細心記下,這是使用完成時態的基礎.
三、用法
1. 現在完成時用來表示過去已發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動
作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在.
I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的錢.
(含義是:I don』t have any money now.)
Jane has laid the table. Jane已經把桌子擺好了.
(含義是:We can sit and have dinner.)
Michael has been ill. Michael病了.
(含義是:He can』t come to school.)
He has returned from abroad. 他已經從國外回來了.
(含義是:He』s at home now.)
2. 現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for(+時間段),
since(+時間點)連用.
Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已經病了三天了.
I have lived here since 1998. 我從1998年起一直住在這.
I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我當老師已經10年了.
注意:點動詞(buy, die, join, finish等)不能直接與for, since 連用,需要改變動詞.
1) have代替buy
I have bought new car. 他買了輛新車.(含義:他自己有車,不用搭別人車等.)
I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我買這輛自行車七年了.
2) 用keep或have代替borrow
He has kept the book for a long time. 他借這書好長時間了.
3) 用be in替代come to/ join/ move to等
How long have you been in America? 你來美國多久了?
4) 用be+副詞 替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to
The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!
演出已經開始了半個小時了.快點!
I』ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.
我起床已經一個小時了,但是我還是覺得很困.
He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he』s still missing the life in the
city.
他回到故鄉都一年了,但是他還是很懷念城市生活.
總之,後加時間的完成時表達中,都表達一個動作所延續的時間,而點動詞只表達那一動作,動作之後所處的狀態,應該用相應的狀態詞來表達,如come是「來」的意思,而來之後的日子都是「在…」因為不能用come表達,應該用be in…來表達,意為「一直處於…」.
3. 現在完成時的時間狀語
現在完成時屬於現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用.如:yesterday, last Sunday,
in1990, three years ago等.但是,在強調動作產生的後果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時
間狀語連用.
如:I have finished my homework yesterday. (×)
I finished my homework yesterday. (√)
1)副詞already和yet
already一般用於肯定句中,yet一般用於否定句和疑問句中.
如:I』ve already slept for 12 hours but I』m still feeling tired.
我都睡了12個小時了可是我還是很累.
I haven』t finished working yet.
我還沒有完成工作.
Have you found your lost cat yet?
你找到你丟了的小貓了嗎?
2)ever和never
多用於否定或疑問句中,表示「曾經」或「從未」.
如:---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經去過長城嗎?
---No, I haven』t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 沒有.我從未去過長城.
3)用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如:just, before, up to now, the past few years等.
如:I have just finished my paper. 我才寫完我的論文.
I』ve dream about that before. 我以前夢到過那個情景.
Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.
到現在為止,他已經在奧運會中取得了三塊金牌.
He has been there three times the last few days.
近幾年他去過那裡三次了.
4)用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語,如:now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等.
如:---Have you met him today?
---No, I haven't.
---今天你見過他嗎?---沒有.
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去過那裡多少次?

5. 初二下冊英語語法總結。

初二下冊大概就是這么幾點....
Mole 1是基本句型
Mole 2是賓語從句
Mole 3是to+v. 與 v.-ing作賓語
Mole 4是if從句(回1)
Mole 5是if從句(2)
Mole 6是直接引語和間接答引語(1)
Mole 7是直接引語和間接引語(2)
Mole 8是狀語從句(1)
Mole 9是狀語從句(2)
Mole 10是would與狀語從句(3)
你把這些到網路上搜一下....再認真看就行了
如果你是外研版的更簡單..從第146頁看就行了~

6. 八年級下冊英語重點語法和短語

英語八年級下冊重點語法和短語
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法(Grammar Focus):1. The Simple Future tense
一般將來時的三種基本結構:
⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句:What will people have in a few years? 一般將來時的時間狀語:in + 時間,in the future,next + 時間,與tomorrow 相關的時間,this + 時間,from now on,right now,some day…
2.形容詞、副詞的比較級用法
重點短語:
1. won't = will not (would) 2. 愛上(某人/某物) fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth.(區別於can) 4. (夢想等)實現,成為現實 come true 5. 在未來 in the future(區別in future) 6. 數以百計的hundreds of; thousands of 數以千計
7. look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物) 8.. 免費的 be free
9. study at home on computers 在家用電腦學習 10. live to be 200 years old 活到200歲
11. in 100 years 100年以後(in+時間段,用將來時) after 100 years(用於過去時)
100 years from now 一段時間 + from now (從現在起)…之後
12. 做預測 make predictions 13 有更少的空閑時間 h ave less free time
14. fly…to乘坐飛往…fly a rocket to the moon… 15. 放風箏fly a kite
16. 預測未來predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空氣污染less air pollution
18. (制服/套裝) wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一場工作面試a job interview
20.更加擁擠 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓樓里live in an apartment
22.在太空站on a space station 23. 問題的答案the answer to the question
24.單獨居住live alone(區別於lonely) 25. 養一隻寵物鸚鵡keep a pet parrot
26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作為一名記者 as a reporter
28. 穿得更隨意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看見sb做了或經常做sth
30. (過去或將來)某一天one day 31. 贏得一個獎項 win awards/an award
32. 為自己工作 work for myself 33. may—might
34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被動語態) be used by sb:
36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大學//在大學go to college in college
38. 今後 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日內ring the week=on weekdays

7. 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

使用被動語態「六注意」

一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:

He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型

8. 初二下冊英語(人教版)的語法

一、被動語態概述

語態是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態共有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式,一般說來,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。

如:

Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態)

Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態)

二、被動語態的構成

被動語態由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。

1、被動語態的時態較常見的八種,現以動詞clean為例列表說明:

2、被動語態的句式變化:

以一般現在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態的句式變化:

3、含有情態動詞的被動語態

情態動詞的被動語態結構為:情態動詞+be+過去分詞;其時態及句型的變化僅由情態動詞完成,"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如:

Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭製造。

.那時桌子可由石頭製造。(一般過去時)

Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭製造嗎?(疑問句)

三、主動語態變為被動語態

轉換圖示:

1、主動語態變為被動語態的步驟:

(1)將主動句的賓語變為主語:

注意:如果主動句的賓語是代詞,需將其由賓格變為主格。如:

Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.

(2)將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。

注意:Theyheldameetingyesterday.→.他們昨天開會了。

(3)將主動語態的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞後。

注意:如果原主語是代詞,則應由主格變為賓格。

Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.

2、主動語態變為被動語態的注意事項:

含有雙賓語,即直接賓語(常指事物)和間接賓語(常指人)的句子,每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語,即其被動語態有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。

Jacktolsthetruth.傑克告訴了我們真相。

WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意

系動詞無被動語態:以主動形式表示被動之意

常見的系動詞有:

①be動詞

②……起來(7個):look/seem/appear,feel(感覺,摸起來),sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.

③(逐漸)變得/變成:become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.

.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

④保持:keep,stay

e.g..

五、下列動詞(片語)沒有被動式:

1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take

2、不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主動形式表示被動意義。

○1、.(×)昨天發生了一起事故。

Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.

○2、Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。

○3、Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。

○4、Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。

○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。

○6、Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。

○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八點鍾營業。

○8、Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.這門關不上。

○9、Thedoorlockseasily.這門容易鎖。

○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won'twear).這種材料耐久(不耐久)

望採納!!謝謝!!!

9. 初二下學期英語語法

1 、賓語從句:

如果一個句子作為動詞或介詞的賓語,稱為賓語從句。

(1) 如果一個特殊疑問句作某個動詞或介詞的賓語,一定要用其陳述的語序。如: they often ask him where he is from.. 不能說成: they often ask him where is he from.

(2) 某些特殊疑問句作賓語可以簡寫成「特殊疑問句 +to do」 的形式。例如: i am thinking about what to say < what i should say.> 我正在考慮我該說點兒什麼。

練習:

一, 選擇題;

( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to tell b.tell c.telling d.told

( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in

( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly

b.for short c.easy d.easily

( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.

a.are b.is c.will d.were

( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day

c.womens day d.women day

二, 改錯題:

( ) 1.every here like english very much.

a b c d

( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.

a b c d

( )3.in england, you never cant put their family name first.

a b c d

( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.

a b c d

( )5.id like to buy something for mr wu in teachersday.

a b c d

三、 單項選擇:

( ) 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with

( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.making

( )3.in england , people never use the first name their family name.

a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after

( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.

a.new anything b,new something c.anything new d.something new

( )5.everyone is here. nobody is-----------

a.not away b,away c.not out d.go

( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for

( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?

a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks

( )8.come to my office after school, tom. lets a talk about your

lessons.

( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------

a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher

( )10.david william lewis is called when we meet him for

the first time.

a.dave b.david c.mr lewis d.mr willian

( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call

him-------

a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert

( )12. something about your family, ok?

a.say b.tell c.speak d.talk

( )13.you can call me bob, you should never call me mr bob.

a.but b.or c.and d./

( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.

a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with

( )15,im very glad the news.

a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening

( ) 16.what about to the great wall hotel ?

a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 語法 :

2. 一般將來時 : be going to 結構的用法 :

(1) 用 be going to+ 動詞原形表示 」 將要發生的事情或主觀上打算 , 計劃 , 決定要做的事 . 其後的時間狀語通常為表示短期或近期含義的短語或表示固定時間的從句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow evening, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等

(2) be going to 結構中 ,be 是助動詞 , 要按句中主語的人稱和數的變化而變化 . 其後要接動詞的原形 . 該句的否定式是在 be 後面加 not, 其疑問式將 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to help her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow evening. /are they going to have a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be

an english call tomorrow afternoon..

(3), 在英語中 , 表示位置轉移的動詞 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, leave, stay, 等 , 可用現在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事 , 不必用 be going to 結構 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一個人飛往南京 . are you driving home ? 你開車回家嗎 ?

練習:

單項選擇題:

( ) 1.what are you going to do friday evening ? a.in b.on c.at d.of

( )2.do you have to do every day ?

a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works

( )3.what about meat for supper ?

a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any

( )4. ann her hair this saturday .

a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash

( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.

a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so

( )6. these new shoes are for .

a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you

( )7. would you like boating ?

a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to

( )8. why not there by bus ?

a.to go b.goes c. go d .going

( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.

a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why

( )10.i s li ming good singing ?

a.at b.in c.on d. for

( )11.i have some books .

a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading

( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .

a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home

( )13. kate has good friends at school.

a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of

( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .

a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by

( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .

a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads

( )16. they are going to play football next friday.

a.on b./ c.in d.at

( )17. lets now .

a.going to the park b.to play games c.are singing d.have a rest

3 . 形容詞的比較級和最高級的用法:

(1) 表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級,常用於「比較級 +than 」結構。如:

this box is heavier than that one . 這個盒子比那個重。

he is much taller than i < am > ,< 口語一般用 me >. 他比我高很多。通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , even 等詞修飾比較級。還可以用「數詞 + 名詞」構成的名詞短語表示確定的度量,來修飾比較級。如:

i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的小弟弟大了十歲。

(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比較時用最高級,常用於「最 -----「.

最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the, 後面可帶 of<in> 短語來說明比較的范圍。如: the one with nuts is the nicest of all . 裡面夾果仁的月餅是所有月餅中最好吃的。 li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他們班英語學得最好。

此外,最高級還可以被序數詞所修飾。如:

the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黃河是中國第二大長河。

一, 根據句意填入適當的詞:

1,they are having tea the open air .

2,thank you very much your help.

3,would you like to come supper?

4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.

5,this is a book many colour picture

6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.

7,this bottle is empty .may i have a one ?

8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.

9, is the third season of a year.

二, 句子改寫:

ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 變為一般疑問句 )

—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?

2,jims box is the heaviest of all.( 變為否定句 )

jims box _____the heaviest of all.

3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 對劃線部分提問 )

_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?

4,li lei is thirteen. zhang hong is twelve.( 連成一句 )

li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.

5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同義句改寫 )

tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.

6,he watches tv every evning.( 用 this evening 替換 every evening)

he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this evening.

三, 用所給的詞的適當形式填空:

1,i have nothing_____(do) today.

2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?

3,what kind of _____(ck) are you feeding now?

4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.

5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?

6can you hear something_______(sing) in the next room?

7,stop_____(play). now lets have our lesson.

8what _____(grow)on this farm?

9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).

10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).

四, 根據句意填上一個最恰當的詞,使句子通順,語法正確:

1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.

3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?

5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at

home. 7,my little dog is hungry. i must _____it.

8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.

9,what are you going to do after you _____school?

10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五,句型轉換:

1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.

______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.

2,do you have time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?

3, lets have a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____have a rest.

4, which is the way to the station, please ?

______ _____the station, please?

5,i dont know. i have _____ ______.

6,the post office is not inside the station.

the post office is______the station.

7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.

8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm

work.

9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.

this pen is_____ ______in the shop.

五, 動詞的適當形式填空:

1. listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?

2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.

it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.

3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______

(do) it at home now .

4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______

(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?

6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?

4 .提建議的表達方法:

ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 動詞原形 )------ ?表示「我 / 我們 ----- 好嗎?」 例: shall we go to the zoo? 我們去動物園好嗎?

ⅱ、 lets do( 動詞原形 )------ 。表示「讓我們做 ----- 吧」

例: lets make it half past one. 讓我們定在一點半吧。

iii 、 why not do( 動詞原形 )------ 表示「為什麼不做 ----- 呢?」

例: why not give her some flowers? 為什麼不送給她一些花呢?

5 .怎樣「表示需要」、「詢問方向」和「指點方向」

i .表示需要: 1.he needs some help . 2.you need a number 16 bus.

3.which number do i need ?

ii. 怎樣「問路(詢問方向)」:

1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the post office?

2.excuse me. can(could) you tell me the way to the park?

3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?

4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?

5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?

6.excuse me.can(could) you tell me how i can get to the hospital?

7.excuse me,can(could) you tell me where the theatre is?

8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?

iii. 怎樣「指點道路」(指點方向):

1 、 its over there on the right /left.

2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.

3 、 walk along /do down this road.

4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the

first turning.

5、 ts about two hundred metres along on the left /right .

6、 ts about five kilometers away.

a) its about ten minutes 『 walk from here.

b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.

c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.

6. 序數詞的用法:表示事物的順序叫序數詞。序數詞往往與定冠詞 the 連用。

( 1 ), 1----3 ,沒有規律,要逐個記憶。

one first ; two second ; three third ;

(2). 4-----12. 有規律,其中 four, six , seven ,ten , eleven 是在基數詞的後面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是沒有規律,要逐個記憶。

(3). 13------20 有規律,是在基數詞的後面加上 th 就行。

( 4 )。第二十至第九十的整十的倍數都是在基數詞後將詞尾的 -y 改為 i, 再加 -eth 構成的。

( 5 ),十位以上的基數詞變成序數詞時,把個位數變成序數詞即可,十位數不變。第一百、第一千、第一百萬都是在基數詞的後面直接加上 -th 構成。

( 6 ),序數詞的縮寫形式是由阿拉伯數字加上序數詞的最後兩個字母構成。

附: 基數詞變為序數詞的口訣:

基變序,有規律,詞尾加上 th ;

一、二、三,特殊記,詞尾字母 t,d,d ;

八減 t , 九減 e, f 來把 ve 替;

單詞 ty 作結尾, ty 變成 tie;

若是碰到幾十幾,只變個位就可以。

練習題:

一.聽力: 20 分。 (四個類型)略。

二.筆試: 80 分。

《一》。 詞彙:

a. 根據句子的意思及首字母提示,用適當的詞填空:

1. w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.

3.there are many b______flowers in the park.

4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.

5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.

6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?

7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.

8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.

9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .

d) thank you all the s______.

e) do you n____any help , miss black?

f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.

g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .

h) jim often goes the w_____way .

i) i am very t______. shall i have a rest?

b. 按要求寫出下列各詞:

1. busy( 比較級 )______ 2.big( 最高級 )_______3.early( 比較級 )____4.nice( 最高級 )______5.beautiful( 比較級 )___________

6.good( 比較級 )______7.many( 最高級 )______8.slowly( 比較級 )_____9.five( 序數詞 )_____10.one( 序數詞 )_____11.two( 序數詞 )_______12.three( 序數詞 )______13.nine( 序數詞 )______

14. twelve( 序數詞 )_____15 .twenty( 序數詞 )_____16. swim( 現在分詞 )_____17. close( 形容詞 )_____18. friend( 形容詞 )______

19. wish( 復數 )______20. full( 反義詞 )_____21. before( 反義詞 )_____22. right( 同音詞 )_____23. alse( 同義詞 )______24. free( 反義詞 )_____25. strong( 比較級 )______26.foot( 復數 )______27. run( 名詞 )_____28. zoo( 復數 )_____29. play( 名詞 )______30. quick( 副詞 )______

c. 根據漢語提示,用單詞的適當形式填空:

1. lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.

2. this turkey ________( 嘗起來 )fine.

2. miss li is __________( 講 )children a story.

3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.

4. he jumps_______( 最高 )at the sports meeting.

二.選擇填空: 20 分。略。

三.改寫句子:根據要求完成下列各句:

1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改寫 )

he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.

2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 變為同義句 )

he is______ _______in his class.

3. you had better go there on foot .( 改為否定句 )

you had ______ ______go there on foot.

4. they are going to leave on monday.( 劃線部分提問 )

_______ _______they going to leave?

5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改為否定疑問句 )

_______you usually______to school by bike?

四.口語運用:從 b 欄中找出能與 a 欄配對的答語:

a b

( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.

( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.

( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .

( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.

( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.

( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.

( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.

( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.

( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.

( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.

五.動詞填空:用所給的動詞的適當形式填空:

1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?

2.everyone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.

3.i have much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .

5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).

6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?

六.補全對話:

a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?

b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that policeman_______there.

a; thank you ______the_____.

b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?

c;sorry ,there isnt.

a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?

c: its_______seven kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.

a: which bus shall i take ,please ?

c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .

a; where is the bus stop ,please ?

c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .

a; thank you very much.

c: not at all.

七.看圖完成對話:

kate: excuse me! _____can i

____ _____the nearest market ,please?

jill:_____ ______this street, and

______the third______on the ____.

then take the second turning on the _______.

its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.

kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .

jill:its my pleasure.

八. 書面表達:

根據要求寫一段對話:(看圖寫,不少與 50 個詞)

henry is going to buy a dictionary.

he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .

so he asks sam to go with him .

but sam says he is busy. he shows henry

on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.

10. 初二英語下冊語法

去年整理的,是這個吧?

Unit 1
1. 在人們家中 in people's home
2. 在家通過電腦學習 study at home on computers
3. 將來 in the future
4. 免費的 be free
5. 活到200歲 live to be 200 years old
6. 一百年之後 in 100 years
7. 一張紙 a piece of paper
8. 更多/更少的樹 more / few trees
9. 更多/更少的污染 more / less pollution
10. 更少使用地鐵 use the subway less
11. 更多使用…… use sth. a lot
12. 同意某人的意見 agree with sb.
13. 與……談話 talk to / with sb.
14. 使用某物做某事 use sth. to do
15. 在上小學 be in elementary school
16. 住在一間公寓 live in an apartment
17. 乘坐火箭到月球 fly rockets to the moon
18. 愛上…… fall in love with …
19. 獨自居住 live alone easye.2000y.net
20. 能夠做某事 be able to do sth.
21. 去香港度假 go to Hong Kong on vacation
22. 世界盃 the World Cup
23. 飛到月球度假 fly to the moon for vacation
24. 有朝一日 one day
25. 為某人工作 work for sb.
26. 看起來精神 look smart
27. 實現 come trueeasye.2000y.net
28. 預言未來 predict the future
29. 看見某人做某事 see sb. do / doing
30. 數以百計的 hundreds of
31. 在太空 in space
32. 擁有某人自己的機器人 have one's own robot
33. 科幻小說 science fiction movies
34. 幫助某人做家務 help with the housework
35. 與……做同樣的事 do the same things as sb.
36. 叫醒某人 wake upeasye.2000y.net
37. 與……交朋友 make friends with sb.
38. 某地有某人在做某事 there be sb. / sth doing sth.
39. 看起來更像 look more like
40. 一遍又一遍地 over and over again
41. 有更少的工作去做 have less work to do
42. 做某事有趣 be fun to do
43. 在25年到50年之後 in 25 to 50 years

Unit 2
1. 擋住;阻止……進入 keep out
2. 與……某人就某事爭吵 argue with sb. about sth.
3. 與……爭吵 have an argument with sb. = argue with sb.
4. 告訴某人(不要)做某事 tell sb. (not ) to do sth.
5. 得到一份兼職的工作 get a part-time job
6. 打開 turn oneasye.2000y.net
7. 把……聲音放得太大 play … too loud
8. 給……寫信 write sb. a letter
9. 給……打電話 call sb. up
10. 一場球賽的票 a ticket to a ball game
11. 使……驚訝 surprise sb.
12. 支付…… pay for
13. 從……借…… borrow sth. from sb.
14. 為某人買某物 buy sb. sth.
15. 不知道 have no ideaeasye.2000y.net
16. 有同樣的發型 have the same haircut
17. 查明 find outeasye.2000y.net
18. 請家教 get a tutor
19. 需要去做 need to do
20. 邀請某人去做某事 invite sb. to do sth.
21. 把某物落在家裡 leave sth at home
22. 做某事失敗 fail (in) sth.
23. 與……相處融洽 get on well with sb.
24. 與……相同的 be the same as
25. 歸還某物 return sth.
26. 在字典中查找…… look up … in a dictionary
27. 與……打架 have a fight with sb.
28. 與……比較 compare with
29. 向……抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth.
30. 感覺處於(太多的)壓力之下 be / feel under (too much) pressure
31. 買不同的衣服 get different clothes
32. 把……從一個地方帶到另一個地方 take sb from 名詞 to 名詞
33. 直到……才…… not … until …
34. 盡可能多地充實到孩子們的生活中來 fit as much as possible into their kids lives
35. 屢見不鮮 nothing neweasye.2000y.net
36. 厲害地強迫某人 push sb. hard
37. 總是在做某事 be always doing
38. 計劃做某事 plan to do
39. 一方面 on the one hand
40. 另一方面 on the other hand
41. 從很小的年齡開始 start from a very young age

Unit 3
1. 到達 arrive at / get to / reach
2. 在……前面 in front of
3. 在……的前部 in the front of
4. 在理發師的椅子上 in / on the barber's chair
5. 睡懶覺 sleep lateeasye.2000y.net
6. 在電話中交談 talk on the phone
7. 航天博物館 the Museum of Flight
8. 降落在中央大街上 land on Center Street
9. 報警 call the police
10. 沿著街道走 walk down / along the street
11. 起飛/脫下 take off
12. 有一次不尋常的經歷 have an unusual experience
13. 大約在10點鍾 at around ten o'clock
14. 跟著某人做某事/去某地 follow sb. to do / 地點
15. 對……感到驚訝 be surprised / amazed at
16. 在樹上 in the tree / on the tree
17. 朝……喊叫 shout to sb. / shout at sb.
18. 在火車站 at the train station
19. 逃跑 run awayeasye.2000y.net
20. 沿著……走 walk around
21. 紐約市 New York City / the city of the New York
22. 對……說 say to sb.
23. 飛往紐約的航班 the flight to New York
24. 在醫生的診所 at the doctor's
25. 看望住院的姨媽 visit aunt in hospital
26. 2008年奧運會 the 2008 Olympics
27. 記得做過/去做某事 remember doing / to do sth.
28. 在歷史上 in history
29. 在現代美國歷史上 in modern American history
30. 最重要的事件之一 one of the most important events
31. 聽說 hear about / of
32. 多於;超過 more than
33. 玩得高興 have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself
34. 沉默地做某事 do sth. in silence
35. 在當今時代 in recent times
36. 被……毀壞 be destroyed by
37. 對……有意義 have meaning to
38. 在太空 in spaceeasye.2000y.net
39. 與(不與)……一樣 … as … as / not as / so … as
40. 環繞地球 around the world
41. 一個民族英雄 a national hero
42. 全世界 all over the world / around the world
43. 因/作為……而著名 be famous for / as
44. 第一次做某事 do sth. for the first time
45. 日常活動 everyday activities

Unit 4
1. 看肥皂劇 watch soap operas
2. 舉行一次驚喜晚會 have a surprise party
3. 在周五晚上 on Friday night
4. 生某人的氣 be mad at sb.
5. 首先 first of alleasye.2000y.net
6. 做課外家庭作業 do a homework project
7. 遞給某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
= pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb.
8. 在公共汽車站 at the bus stop
9. 理應做某事 be supposed to do
10. 擅長be good at = do well in
11. 很抱歉做某事 be sorry to do sth.
12. 感冒 have / catch a cold
13. 身體健康 be in good health
14. 一次期末考試 an end-of-year exam
15. 在某事方面感到費勁 have a hard time with
16. 做某事很吃驚 be surprised to do
17. 捎去某人的問候 send one's love
18. 到現在為止 for noweasye.2000y.net
19. 抄襲別人的家庭作業 others' homework
20. 傳些口信 pass on some messages
21. 大打一架 have a big fight
22. 忘記去做某事 forget to do
23. 養成一個壞習慣 start a bad habit
24. 克服 get overeasye.2000y.net
25. 改變某人的生活 change one's life = change the life of sb.
26. 在一個貧困的山村 in a poor mountain village
27. 聽起來像 sound like
28. 一個北京大學的畢業生 a Peking University graate
29. 一個為期一年的計劃 a one-year program
30. 由……發起 be started by
31. 教育部 the Ministry of Ecation
32. 派人去做某事 send sb. to do
33. 對某人來說是一個新的經歷 be a new experience for sb.
34. 海拔2000米 2000 meters above sea level
35. 使某人覺得惡心 make sb. feel sick
36. 經歷不同的事 experience different things
37. 打開某人對外面世界的視野 open up one's eyes to the outside world
38. 給某人生活一個好的開始 give sb. a good start in life
39. 在某人的生活中有一個好的影響 be a good influence in one's life
40. 關愛地球母親 care for「Mother Earth」
41. 無國界醫生 Doctors Without Borders
42. 瀕危野生動物 wild animals in danger
43. 處於危險之中 be in danger
44. 脫離危險 be out of danger

Unit 5
1. 去參加晚會 go to the party
2. 玩得高興 have a great time
3. 讓某人進 let ineasye.2000y.net
4. 備考 study for one's test
5. 一半的同學 half the class
6. 歲末晚會 end of year party
7. 穿牛仔褲 wear jeans
8. 把……拿走 take away
9. 在晚會期間 ring the party
10. 校大掃除 school clean-up
11. 兒童醫院探視 Children's Hospital visit
12. 環球旅行 travel around the world
13. 獲得教育 get an ecation
14. 足球代理人 professional soccer player
15. 謀生 make a living
16. 似乎 seem like sth. / doing sth.
17. 夢想的職業 dream job
18. 捐給慈善機構 give … to charity
19. 一直 all the time
20. 受傷 get injured
21. 很難做某事 have a difficult / hard time
22. 實際上 in facteasye.2000y.net
23. 能夠 be able to/can
24. 手機 mobile phone
25. 與某人度過時光 spend time with sb.

Unit 6
1. 收集貝殼 collect shells
2. 滑冰馬拉松 skating marathon
3. 你第一雙滑冰鞋 your first pair of skates
4. 募捐 raise moneyeasye.2000y.net
5. 整整五小時 the whole five hours
6. 三年半 three and a half years
7. 填充動物玩具 stuffed animals
8. 妖怪雪球 snow glob of the monster
9. 用光 run out ofeasye.2000y.net
10. 在我十七歲生日時 on my seventeenth birthday
11. 順便說一下 by the way
12. 最常見的 the most common
13. 送某人某物 send sb. sth.
14. 才藝表演 a talent show
15. 額外的英語課 extra English class
16. 古幣 old coinseasye.2000y.net
17. 自由話題 free topic
18. 想起 think of
19. 著名人物 famous characters
20. 黑龍江省會 the capital of Heilongjiang Province
21. 具有豐富多彩的歷史 with a colorful history
22. 歐洲的影響 European influence
23. 蘇聯風格 in Russian style
24. 家史 family history
25. 驚奇 be surprised
26. 受到……的歡迎 be welcomed by
27. 宋朝皇帝 the Song Emperor
28. 西方歷史 western history
29. 越……越 the +比較級 … the +比較級
30. 確信 be certain that / to do

Unit 7
1. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.
2. 調小/大 turn down / up
3. 洗餐具 do the dishes
4. 從……里出來 get out of
5. 立即 right away / at once
6. 一會兒 in a minute
7. 在開會 be at the meeting
8. 完成這些工作 finish these tasks
9. 在廚房裡 in the kitchen
10. 幫某人做某事 help sb. do / with sth.
11. 抱怨 complain about sth.
12. 商店職員 store clerk
13. 給你拿錯了食品 bring you the wrong food
14. 不好使 don't work
15. 惱怒 get annoyed
16. 排隊等候 wait in line
17. 長時間的電話聊天 have a long telephone conversation
18. 到處跟著我 follow me around
19. 回到…… go back to
20. 一直 all the timeeasye.2000y.net
21. 碰巧發生在某人身上 happen to sb.
22. 試著不做某事 try not to do sth.
23. 加號 cut in line
24. 有點晚 a bit late
25. 定購食物 order food
26. 壓低你的聲音 keep your voice down
27. 講英語的國家 English-speaking country
28. 社會行為 social behavior
29. 與某人站的近 stand close to sb.
30. 亞洲國家 Asian country
31. 在各種條件下 in all situations
32. 即使 even ifeasye.2000y.net
33. 當眾 in public
34. 小心 take care to do sth.
35. 熄滅香煙 put out the cigarette
36. 被批評 be criticized
37. 扔垃圾 drop litter
38. 撿起 pick upeasye.2000y.net
39. 表現禮貌 behave politely
40. 依靠 depend on
41. 地方報紙 local newspaper

Unit 8
1. 幸運兒 lucky guy
2. 做一頓特別的飯 make a special meal
3. 你自己的選擇 your own choices
4. 大腹便便的豬 a pot-bellied pig
5. 好夥伴 good company
6. 帶某人出去 take sb. out to do
7. 睡著 fall asleep
8. 半途中 half wayeasye.2000y.net
9. 樹上的一片葉子 a leaf from a tree
10. 贈送 give away
11. 公園長椅 park bench
12. 試著做某事 try to do sth.
13. 通過不同的方式 in different ways
14. 來自於中國各地 from across China
15. 在舞台上 on stage
16. 各種年齡層 all age groups
17. 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
18. 取得進步 make progress
19. 奧委會 the Olympic Committee
20. 從……中得到樂趣 have fun with sth.
21. 講本族語的人 native speakers
22. 使某要對某事感興趣 make sb interested in

Unit 9
1. 太空博物院 space museum
2. 游樂場 amusement park
3. 水上樂園 water park
4. 曾經到過某個地方 have been to
5. 到某個地方去了 have gone to
6. 呆在某個地方 have been in
7. 既不……也不;兩者都不 neither … nor …
8. 聽說 hear ofeasye.2000y.net
9. 迪斯尼人物 Disney character
10. 主題公園 a theme park
11. 當然 of course
12. 過山車 a roller coaster
13. 以……為主題 be themed by
14. 四處走動 walk around
15. 總是一直 all the time
16. 迪斯尼巡遊 Disney Cruise
17. 兜風 take a ride
18. 在船上 on board
19. 走不同的路線 take different routes
20. 結束 end upeasye.2000y.net
21. 空中乘務員 a flight attendant
22. 導游 a tour guide
23. 象……這樣的 such as
24. 考慮 think about
25. 勝於,而不是 rather than
26. 在東南亞 in Southeast Asia
27. 度假 take a holiday
28. 在一方面 on the one hand
29. 在另一方面 on the other hand
30. 超過 多餘 more than
31. 四分之三 three quarters
32. 三分之一 one third
33. 做某事有困難 have some problem doing
34. 不管 還是 whether or
35. 夜狩 night safari
36. 在白天 ring the daytime
37. 在更自然的環境里 in a more natural environment
38. 全年 all year round
39. 靠近 be close to

Unit 10
1. 閑聊 small talk
2. 祝一天愉快 have a good day
3. 瀏覽;粗略看一遍 look through
4. 排隊等候 wait in line
5. 穿過一條繁忙的街道 cross a busy street
6. 開場白 open questions
7. 感謝函 Thank-you note
8. 想要 feel likeeasye.2000y.net
9. 出現;陪伴 come along
10. 融洽相處 get along
11. 想起 think of
12. 有一個家宴 have a family dinner
13. 交通擁擠 heavy traffic
14. 至少 at least

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