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英語初一語法提問加解析

發布時間:2021-01-15 00:18:41

❶ 初一英語語法

一般現在時態

定 義:此時態 用來描述 經常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態;也指客觀真理、或事實。

標志詞:1.表頻度的副詞:always (總是、一直)often (經常)usually (通常)sometimes (有時、偶爾)

seldom (幾乎不)never (從不、絕不)

注意:這些詞在句中的位置:實義動詞之前,be 動詞、情態動詞、助動詞之後。

every + 時間名詞 :「每..... 」如:every day ,every week,every two days、

構 成:
1、句中 含有 be 動詞 用 「am、is、are」形式、

如:你的新車真漂亮。—————— your new car is very nice .

2、句子如果使用 實義動詞 ,「原形 或 單三」兩種形式。

注意:主語為單三,動詞用單三;其餘情況 動用 動詞原形。

如:我們愛中國。we love China . 他喜歡中國。he loves China .

3、如果句中含有 情態動詞 ,一律用:「 主語 + 情態動詞 + 動詞原形 」

We / he / the girl / You can go home now .

注意:使用 情態動詞 時 ,適用各種主語,情態動詞 後 一律加動詞原形。

He must be a teacher . I must go to school now .

動詞單三如何變化:

(1)一般情況下,直接在動詞詞尾加-s.

ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays

(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-es.

watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes

do---does go---goes pass---passes

(3)以「輔音字母加 - y」結尾的動詞,要先變y為i再加-es.

try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

(4)不規則變化:be---- is are have----has

現在進行時態:

定 義:此時態 描述此時此刻正在發生或進行的動作或狀態。

標志詞:now (現在)at the moment (此刻、此時)
構 成:
主語 + am / is / are + V--ing (有可能加賓語)

如:He is watching Tv now . We are having an English class at the moment .

Tom and I are playing games .

動詞如何變 V--ing 形式:

1. 動詞以不發音的字母e結尾,一般去掉e,再加-ing,例如:

write→writing;leave→leaving;save → saving;pollute → polluting

當然我們需要注意兩小點:1)die、lie、tie的-ing形式分別是dying、lying、tying。
2)be、agree等動詞的 -ing形式直接加上-ing,因為這里的e、ee都發音。

2. 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞末尾只有一個輔音字母(x例外),要重寫該輔音字母,再加-ing。

例:run→ running;begin→beginning;swim→swimming;stop → stopping。
注意:fix → fixing

一般將來時態:
定 義:表示將來某個時間將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作。

一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構成,shall用於第一人稱,will用於第二、三人稱。但是現在第一人稱一般也用will,其區別並不明顯。(或「be going to + 動詞原形)常與tomorrow, next… , in (the) future,soon, in five days,in two weeks等連用。

標志詞:tomorrow, next… , in (the) future,soon, in five days,in two weeks等連用。

構 成:1、主語 + shall + 動詞原形 ( shall :主語是第一人稱,即:I 或 We)

如:I shall watch Tv . We shall go to park tomorrow .

2、主語 + will + 動詞原形 ( will : 適用於 各種主語 )
如:I / you / we / the boy will help you .

3、主語 + am / is / are + going to + 動詞原形 (根據主語選擇不同的be動詞形式)

如:Iam going to help you . The girl is going to do homework .

Therebe句型:

定義:此句型表示「某處有某物」。

構成:thereis/are+物+介詞短語/地點副詞。

如:thereisa book and two pens in my bag .

there are many people in the classroom .

注意:1、be動詞的形式 : 由物的單復數形式決定;當物有兩個以上時 ,由第一個物的單復數形式決定。

2、提問 there + be 句型中 的數詞時,用 「how many + 可數名詞復數形式」 或 「how much + 不
可數名詞」。

如:there are _some_trees on the hill.

how many trees are there on the hill ?

there is __some__ water in the cup .

how much water is there in the cup ?

3、一般疑問句 將 be ( is / are ) 提前;否定句 在 be 動詞後放 「not」即可。

There aren't any books in my bag . Is there an apple on the table ?

4、有可能出現「有某人在....做某事」這一句型,即「There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點/時間狀語」。
如: There are many boys playing football on the playground .

5、一般將來時態的 therebe句型構成:"在...將會有..."的意思。

therewillbe+ 物 + 介詞短語 。

thereis/aregoingtobe+物 + 介詞短語 。

一般過去時態的 therebe句型,構成:「過去在...有...」的意思。

therewas/were+物 + 介詞短語 。

was:物是單數時、were:物為復數時、
1.英語中的人稱:

和漢語一樣,英語中有三個人稱.

第一人稱:I 我 We 我們 第二人稱: you 你,你們
第三人稱: he他 she她 it它 they他/她/它們 ,以及名詞 。

第三人稱單數形式:除了都為第三人稱,當個體為「一」時,就為單三。

2.和語法最為緊密的動詞:

be動詞 :am is are was were .情態動詞 :can may must could should would might

助動詞: do does did

一 般 疑 問 句 和 特 殊 疑 問 句

一、一般疑問句:

1.定 義:以be動詞、情態動詞、助動詞提問的問句,叫一般疑問句。(相當於漢語中的『嗎?』)

註:be 動 詞:am. is.are. was. were
情態動詞:can 能,可以 may 可以 must 必須,一定 could 可以,能 should 應該 would 將要,想 might可能,也許
助 動 詞:do,does,did

2.具體變法:

(1)、如果原句含有be 動詞,情態動詞時,將他們提前大寫,句尾放問號。
例:He is from China .------ Is he from China ?
You can speak English in class .-----Can you speak English in class ?
(2)、如果原句不含有be 動詞,情態動詞,則選擇助動詞 do/does/did, 將他們放於句首,保證原句動詞為原形。
註:does:原句的主語為單三時,且將原句的動詞變為原形。
do :其餘人稱。
did :適用於一般過去時的所有人稱,將原句的動詞變為原形。
例:He often goes home late.---- Does he go home late ? (動詞變原形)
They often go home late.---- Do they go home late ?
They went home late yesterday.---- Did they go home late yesterday ?

注意:1、變一般疑問句時,如果原句是第一人稱要變第二人稱 I/We---- you ,be 動詞有可能發生變化 ( am ---- are )( was ---- were )
例:I am from Japan .---- Are you from Japan ?
We come from the U.S.A. ----- Do you come from the U.S.A ?
2、第一人稱的物主代詞要變為第二人稱物主代詞 my /our ---- your ;mine/ours --yours .
例:He is my friend .------ Is he your friend ?
This is mine .------ Is this yours ?

二、特殊疑問句:

1、定 義:以特殊疑問詞提問的問句,叫特殊疑問句。

2、構成形式:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?(省略句中提問的內容)

3、常見的特殊疑問詞:what, why , where, whose , who , which, how ,when, whom .

復合特殊疑問詞: what color / what class / what grade / waht time / what size /

what shape / what day / what date / what for / what ahout ...怎麼樣?(問意見)

how far (提問距離): how long(提問時間,長度) : how often(提問頻度,次數)

how soon(提問 in+一段時間): how much(多少錢);how wide(多寬);how tall(多高)

how many + 可數名次復數形式:多少---?(提問數量或句中的數詞)

how much + 不可數名次: 多少---?(提問數量或句中的數詞)

how old :多大?(指年齡)

例:He likes ( storybooks ) 1.Does he like storybooks ?
2.what does he like ?
例:She is ( my friend ). 1.Is she your friend ?
2.Who is she ?

例:He has lunch < at home > ---1.Does he have lunch at home ?
2.Where does he have lunch ?

注意:1.當提問主語時,直接用who或what替換,不需要變一般疑問句,但是要將動詞變為 單三形式

例:<You> go to school every day .--- Who goes to school every day ?

例:<I> am a teacher . ---- Who is a teacher ?

2、當提問動詞短語時,用 do 代替;當提問 動詞-ing 時,用doing代替,並且用特殊疑問詞

what提問。

例:He <does homework> at home .--1.Does he do homework at home ?
2.what does he do at home ?

例:You are watching Tv now .--- 1.Are you watching Tv now ?
2.What are you dong now ?

三、否定句:

定義:如果一句話含有「沒」「沒有」「不」「不是」 時,就為否定句。

變法:(1).原句含有be 動詞或情態動詞,只需在它們的後面放「not」即可。

He is my friend .----- he isn't my friend .
He can help you with your work ------ he cann't help you with your work .

(2).原句含有實意動詞時,要用相應的助動詞加「not」,放於原句謂語動詞之前,且謂語動詞保證為原形。
doesn』t:主語為第三人稱單數; don』t :其餘人稱; didn』t :適用一般過去時。

Tom goes home .----- Tom doesn』t go home .

They go home .------ They don』t go home .

❷ 初一英語語法怎麼學習

新目標英語初一語法主要是:1、一般現在時(特別要注意主語是第三人稱單數,謂語動回詞要加S,有幾種變答化的);2、現在進行時(be動詞am/is/are +doing);3、一般過去時態(be動詞的過去時和謂語動詞的過去時,be動詞過去式只有was和were,動詞過去式又分為兩種,規則變化和不規則變化,相對來說較難);4、祈使句;5、可數名詞和不可數名詞;6、名詞所有格;7、How,who,why,when,what 等特殊疑問詞引導的句子。總而言之,這些語法是對小學英語的一種銜接,只要用心去學,並不難的。

❸ 初一英語語法大全詳細點的

初一語法也就這么多了。
初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發的,但語法中常會有一些知識點看起來很細小,容易被忽視,但這些知識點掌握不熟練,往往會造成一些語法應用上的錯誤。因此在學習初一英語語法時,要認真、細心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。

下面從幾個方面,總結出了初一英語語法,如果要復習英語句法的同學,可以參考一下,

一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:

一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s

二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節

三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於

4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)

b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)

c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)

e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)

否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.

c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.

e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.

3. 疑問句

1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.

2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.

3) 特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].

⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.

When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.

⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.

⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What』s your favourite color? It』s black.

⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.

What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.

What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.

12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.

14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.

15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.

16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.

17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.

What』s your father? He』s a doctor.

三、初一英語語法——時態

1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:

Be 動詞:She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.

情態動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.

行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.

2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.

They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.

❹ 初一(下)英語語法,短語,句型總結

七年級下冊英語語法點總結(1)
分類:英語學習
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一.短語:
1 .be from = come from 來自於----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式:
1 Where』s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家,人民、語言對應。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where』s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪裡?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發現它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. You』d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(You』d better+動詞原形)
三.片語
1. across from …… 在……的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位於三者或三者以上之間
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
課室前面有棵樹。
in the front of…… 在……(內)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
課室內的前部有張桌子。
5. behind…… 在……後面 behind my house 在我家後面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學校的左邊
on one』s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿著……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐計程車
16. 到達:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止,我們學了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子,這個小句子又放在大句子中,從屬於大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句,它又放在I hope 的後面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導一個表示假設的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢,我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點片語
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they』re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they』re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they』re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She』s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let』s see the pandas first.
11.They』re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有「種類」的意思
如:各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區別與and的用法,and通常用於連接主語或賓語,連接主語時,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之後,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with 「和…一起玩耍」「玩…」
I often play with my pet dog.
Don』t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復數形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鍾
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示「一個小時」, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修
飾,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,為不可數名詞,表示「許多」時,使用much來修飾,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以「what」、「who」、「which」、「when」、「where」、「how」、「how old」、「how many」等開頭,對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構成有兩種情況:
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結構。這是最常見的情況。例如:
What』s your grandfather』s telephone number? 你爺爺的電話號碼是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什麼時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結構。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結構。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎麼樣?

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙於做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項:
1 詢問職業的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I』m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復數。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

❺ 初一英語語法知識

一、初一英語語法--詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數

我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:

一)在後面加s。如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas

二)x,sh,ch,s,tch後加es。如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es如:baby-babies,family-families,ty-ties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios,photos,但如是輔音加o的加es:如:tomatoes西紅柿,potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese

七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks

八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察,class班,同學,family家,家庭成員

九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers

十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報紙,卷子,論文,work工作works作品,工廠,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光線lights燈,people人peoples民族,time時間times時代,次數,chicken雞肉chickens小雞

十一)單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或's。如:Is(I's),Ks(K's)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs,VCDs,SARs

十二)特殊形式的有:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen
2、代詞

項目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞

人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性

第一人稱單數Imemyminemyself

復數weusouroursourselves

第二人稱單數youyouyouryoursyourself

復數youyouyouryoursyourselves

第三人稱單數sheherherhersherself

hehimhishishimself

itititsitsthisthatitself

復數
3、動詞

A)第三人稱單數

當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:

一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains

二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch後加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys

四)以o結尾加es。如:does,goes

五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has

B)現在分詞

當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:

一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show-showing,draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位於

4、形容詞的級

我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:

一)一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter-shortest,taller-tallest,longer-longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest

二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewerfewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er/est。如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest

三)以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)

good/well-better bestmany/much-more mostbad/ill-worse worst

little-less leastold-older/elderoldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數詞(基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法--句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句a)This is a book.(be動詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動詞)

c)I want a sweat like this.(實義動詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態動詞)

e)There's a computer on my desk.(Therebe結構)

否定陳述句a)These aren't their books.b)They don't look nice.

c)Kate doesn't go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can't find her doll.

e)There isn't a cat here.(=There's no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let's learn English!

c)Come in,please.

否定祈使句a)Don't be late.b)Don't hurry.
3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句a)Is Jim a student?b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV?e)Is she reading?

肯定回答:a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.

否定回答:a)No,he isn't.b)No,you can't.c)No,she doesn't.d)No,they don't.e)No,she isn't.

2)選擇疑問句Is the table big or small?回答It's big./It's small.

3)特殊疑問句

①問年齡How old is Lucy?She is twelve.

②問種類What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies and comedies.

③問身體狀況How is your uncle?He is well/fine.

④問方式How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.

How do we contact you?My e-mail address is [email protected].

⑤問原因Why do you want to join the club?

⑥問時間What's the time?(=What time is it?)It's a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up,Rick?At five o'clock.

When do you want to go?Let's go at 7:00.

⑦問地方Where's my back pack?It's under the table.

⑧問顏色What color are they?They are light blue.

What's your favourite color?It's black.

⑨問人物Who's that?It's my sister.

Who is the boy in blue?My brother.

Who isn't at school?Peter and Emma.

WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?

⑩問東西What's this/that (inEnglish)?It's a pencilcase.

What else can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.

11問姓名What's your aunt's name?Her name is Helen./She's Helen.

What's your first name?My first name's Ben.

What's your family name?My family name's Smith.

12問哪一個Which do you like?I like one in the box.

13問字母What letter is it?It's bigD/small f.

14問價格How much are these pants?They're 15 dollars.

15問電話號碼What's your phone number?It's 576-8349.

16問謂語(動作)What's he doing?He's watching TV.

17問職業(身份)What do you do?I'm a teacher.

What's your father?He's a doctor.

❻ 英語句子:幫我翻譯 寫好的加10分!(要求初一水平,講究語法

I think to eat healthy food is very good. We need to oranges and bananas. But we do not need ice cream.We must help others.We must help others.
He has three older brothers and one in China, and the rest in the United States
We can eat more fruit, less ice cream
My mom every year to buy me a new schoolbag
I bought a car from Shanghai
She sold them to newspaper
This store does not sell school supplies
This computer to be able to sell $ 20
These shorts in the sale
We were good, we are watching TV
This is how much of the book?
You need to do exercise
You do not have to come to this, he must come to this, she should not have come to this.
He does not need a carrot, he needs a box of eggs
Anything else? You want something?
Eat bananas right? All right. I bought some bread and Hamburg
It's too expensive, I consider.
It looks very nice, I bought.
We have socks, two dollars, three pairs恩,對,就是這么翻的

❼ 英語語法初一總結

一、詞法 1、名詞A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:
一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節
三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞 項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞 A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於

4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) fi

❽ 牛津版初一英語的語法知識點

時態講解
一、一般現在時主要用於:
1 、表示經常性或習慣性動作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示現在的特徵或狀態。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、劇情圖片介紹,背景說明,動作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發生的動作時。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般過去時主要用於:
1 、表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況(包括習慣性的動作或狀態)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、談到過去的情況時 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、談到已死人的情況時 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作開始的時間。
三、現在完成時主要用於:
1 、表示到現在為止這一時期中發生的動作或情況,即多次動作的總和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示對現在有影響的某一已發生的動作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團已經走了(說明現在不在這里) Look, what you have done. 看你乾的事。
與這一時態連用的時間狀語有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語,連詞 since 引導的時間狀語從句。
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別:
一般過去時:重在說明動作在過去發生時的具體情況(時間、地點、方式、對象、細節等)。
現在完成時:只提起已發生的動作(事實)及其影響,不說明動作發生時的具體情況。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
註:現在完成時表達的動作常具有反復性,故下面一句是錯的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應改為: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、現在完成進行時主要用於:表示過去開始的某一動作一直持續到現在,以至延伸到將來,它強調動作延續時間之長久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。(還在寫)
cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。(已寫完)
It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。
五、過去完成時
1 、過去完成時是一個相對時態,表示過去的過去,只有在兩個過去發生的動作相比較時才可顯示出來。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
註:主從句表達的動作緊接時,即兩動作發生的時間沒有明顯時間上的懸殊或空檔時,主從句都可用一般過去時。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、過去完成時可表示截止過去某一時間動作的總或動作的結束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句,表示主句動作結束的時間。
(六)現在進行時主要用於:
1 、表示現在或現階段正在進行的動作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般現在時,表示經常性動作或狀態,而含有某種感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣?(顯得親切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。(贊揚)
You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。(厭煩)
3 、動詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發生的動作時。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、過去進行時主要用於: 表示過去某個時刻或階段正在進行的動作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時她在解放軍某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引導的時間狀語從句表示主句的動作正在進行的時間。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
註:
1 、 while 引導時間狀語從句敘述過去的動作時,從句常用過去進行時。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作並列連詞,意為「這時」,連接兩分句時,第一句多用過去進行時。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般過去時與過去進行時的區別:
一般過去時:強調過去某一時間開始或完成的動作。
過去進行時:強調過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
試區別下面兩句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們在修建一座水庫。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫。(已經建成)
八、一般將來時主要用於: 表示將要發生的動作或情況
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般將來時態與其它結構表將來情況的區別:
一般將來時態 :主要從時間的角度表將要發生的動作或情況。
be going to 結構 :①表(主觀上)打算或准備做某事時。 ②表有發生某事的預兆時。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
據以上區別,故下面一句是錯的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應改為: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 結構 :意為「剛要做某事」、「馬上要做某事」強調時間之緊迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個問題。
be to do sth 結構: 表示按計劃、安排、規定將實施某事或表示註定會發生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語,可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞: 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象(即賓語),可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞:字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其後添加上某個介詞,如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語(動作的對象):是名詞或代詞,或相當於名詞的詞或短語(如動名詞)。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例:「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語了)
連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。
表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。
一、 連系動詞的類型有:
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特徵或狀態.這類連系動詞強調"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續"類:表示某種情況或狀態的持續。這類連系動詞強調"持續"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續、仍舊),stand(處於某狀況或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態變化成另一種情況或狀態。這類連系動詞強調"變化"後的情況或狀態.常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項
1. 有些連系動詞通常不用於被動語態和進行時態中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn後跟(表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時,不加冠詞。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
終止性動詞與延續性動詞
終止性動詞指不會持續一段時間的動作,即動作在瞬間或短時間內完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動詞不與一段時間連用
終止性動詞:表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語.
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生後立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特徵
1.延續性動詞可以用於現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前後顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以藉助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特徵
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用於現在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那麼,應如何正確表達呢?可以採用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?

終止性動詞不用於進行時態,若是進行時態形式應譯成將來時態的意思。
終止性動詞和延續性動詞辨析 王嵩

英語動詞可以分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。這兩種動詞在每年中考英語試題中出現率較高,筆者將其歸納分類,供同學們學習時參考。一、延續性動詞 延續性動詞表示的動作不但可以延續,而且可以產生持久的影響。常見的這類動詞有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延續性動詞的用法很廣,但常見於現在完成時中的句子中,且常與for,how,long,since等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。例如:1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.自從來到中國,我已經學會了l,000多個漢字。2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自從來到這兒,我們就一直住在臨清。3.I have kept the picture for about three years.這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動詞 終止性動詞又稱為瞬間動詞或非延續性動詞,它表示的動作不能延續,也就是說動作一旦發生就立即結束,並產生某種結果。常見的這類動詞有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。終止性動詞用在現在完成時要注意下面三點: (一)終止性動詞可直接用來表示某一動作的完成。例如:1.They have reached Shanghai.他們已經到達了上海。2.Has he gone to London? 他已經到倫敦去了嗎? (二)終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續,所以,在現在完成時中一般不能和以since,for等引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如:1.那老人已經死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(誤)2.他三天前就已經來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago.(誤)在以上兩句中,die和come都是終止性動詞,可用於現在完成時,但不能與以since或for引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。那麼,上面兩個句子應該怎樣譯成英語呢?請看下面四種譯法:1.把終止性動詞改為延續性的動詞。例如:①The old man has been dead for a week.②He has been here since three days ago.2.把原句中的一段時間改為表示「過去」的時間,時態由現在完成時改變成一般過去時。例如:①The old man died a week ago.②He came here three days ago.3.用「It is+時間+since…」句式。例如:①It is/has been a week since the old man died.②It has been/is three days since he came here.4.用「多長時間+has passed+since…」句式。例如:①A week has passed since the old men died.②Three days had passed since he came here. (三)有關特殊終止性動詞的用法。1.在while(表示一段時間)引導的從句里,謂語動詞不能使用終止性動詞,但可以把while改成when,這樣,從句里的謂語動詞就可以使用終止性動詞了。因為when既可以表示時間的「點」,又可以表示時間的「段」。例如:While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(誤)When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正)2.終止性動詞的否定式與until連用時,意為「直到……才/不到什麼時間不……」等。例如:Don』t get off until the bus stops.車未停穩,切勿下車。3.終止性動詞不可以與how long引導的句式連用。例如:How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的用法區別
上海市中國中學 黃文英

英語中的動詞,是學習中的重點,又是難點。英語中的動詞有多種分類法。根據其有無含義,動詞可分為實義動詞和助動詞;根據動詞所表示的是動作還是狀態,可以分為行為動詞和狀態動詞;根據動詞所表示的動作能否延緩,分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
可以表示持續的行為或狀態的動詞,叫做「延續性動詞」,也叫「持續性動詞」,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暫、瞬間性的動詞,叫做「終止性動詞」,也可叫「短暫性動詞」,或「瞬間性動詞」,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
終止性動詞構成的現在完成時,不可以用表示一段時間的狀語(如:since 和for引導的短語)來修飾,終止性動詞構成的現在完成時,只表示動作發生的因果關系,不能表示動作的延續,因此不能用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾。
如可以說:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可說:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因為start是終止性動詞, 它所表示的動作短促, 當紅十字會出發時,start這個動作便結束了, 不可能延續兩天。
在十多年的教學生涯中,發現學生對於如何解決這對矛盾不知所措,下面我來歸納一下解決這對矛盾的四種方法。
用ago時間狀語短語來代替since或for引導的時間狀語:
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
應改為: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用It is… since…復合句代替簡單句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意:以上兩種辦法適用於所有終止性動詞。
3.用相應的形容詞和副詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延緩性動詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
應改為:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但須注意:終止性動詞的否定式可以和since 或for 引導的時間狀語連用。因為終止性動詞的否定表示的是一種可以延續的狀態。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven』t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)

此外,終止性動詞與延緩性動詞在翻譯上也不同,很易混淆。下面我再就終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的含義問題做一歸納:
1. 在連詞since引導的時間狀語從句中, 用終止性動詞的過去時或用延緩性動詞過去時,其含義是大不相同的。
A. since所引導的時間狀語從句中,如果句子謂語是終止性動詞的過去時, 則從句表示的時間是從「那一時刻開始」。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自從他來校以來,一貫努力學習。
B. 在since所引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語是延緩性動詞的過去時,那麼從句所表示的時間是從延緩性動詞所表示的動作結束時算起。
eg. I haven』t heard any noise since I slept.
自從我醒後,沒聽見任何聲音。
介詞for引導的時間狀語,在翻譯時有兩種不同的情況:
A.介詞for引導的時間狀語和延緩性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用時,有兩種不同的含義。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那兒已六個月了。(或: 他住在那兒還不到六個月。)
B.介詞for引導的時間狀語和終止性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用,只有一種含義。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
瑪麗已六個月沒有離開過這兒了。
句中含有till 或until 引導的短語或從句,從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的,也可以是終止性的,但要注意兩種情況:
如果主句中動詞是延續性的動詞,動詞肯定或否定都可以,只是含義不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他聽無線電一直到他父親回來為止。
eg. He didn』t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父親回來,他才聽無線電。
如果主句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞,則只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn』t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五歲才結婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)

❾ 初一(上、下學期)全部英語語法

1. 形容詞的用法:
形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵。在句中可以作定語、表語,用於限定被修飾語的特徵,如長短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等,。
The little girl is very pretty. 這個小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那個。
--Which one? 哪一個?
--The new blue one. 那個藍色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個大的漂亮的嗎?
2、人稱代詞:
是用來表示人的代詞,有單數和負數之分,有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語;人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語,是作動詞或介詞的賓語。
主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語
賓格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一個班級。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看見他們在街上嗎?
3、可數名詞和不可數名詞
英語中名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。凡是可數計數的名詞叫做可數名詞;凡是不可以計數的名詞叫做不可數名詞。
(1)可數名詞分為單數和復數兩種形式。可數名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數詞或some many等修飾。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
(2)不可數名詞沒有復數形式,前面不能用不定冠詞、數詞或many等詞語修飾,但可以用some a little much等詞語來修飾。有時可以與一些量詞短語搭配,這些量詞短語中的名詞一般是可數的,有單數形式,也可以有復數形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用來表示請求、命令等,句中沒有主語,肯定形式由謂語或者謂語+賓語(+賓語補足語)構成,否定形式則在句前加Don』t.
Stand up, please. 請起立。
Don』t worry. 別擔心。
can的用法:
can是情態動詞,表示「能,會,可以,被允許等」,其後接動詞原形,否定形式為cannot,可縮寫為can』t.
She can speak Japanese. 她會講日語。
I can』t remember his name. 我不記得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你會拼寫你的名字嗎?
5、現在進行時態:
概念:表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作,也可以表示目前一段時間內或現階段正在進行的活動。
結構:由be動詞(am, is, are) + 動詞ing構成,其中be動詞要與主語保持性數一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風箏。
--What are you doing now? 你現在在干什麼?
--I』m reading English. 我正在讀英語。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎?

動詞現在分詞是動詞原形變化而來的,規則變化如下:
動詞ing形式叫動詞現在分詞,其構成如下:
1) 直接在動詞後加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞且詞尾只有一個輔音字母,應雙寫這個輔音字母,再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意對現在進行時態的判斷。判斷一個英語句子用什麼時態,主要看句子的時間狀語,一般說來,每種時態都有與之相對應的時間狀語。現在進行時表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作。因此,這個時態最常用的時間狀語是now;但有不少句子並沒有now,只能通過提示語如look、listen等或者通過上下文來確定用現在進行時。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打掃房間。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那個女孩在那裡跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?
--Can』t you see I am doing my homework? 你沒看見我正在做作業嗎?
6、have/ has的用法:
1) 謂語動詞have表示「有」,有兩種形式:have和has,前者用於第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復數(they),後者用於第三人稱單數(he, she, it)或單數名詞。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一個蘋果,他有兩個香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你們有了一個新的英語老師。
It has two big eyes. 它有一雙大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和傑克有一輛好看的車。
2) have/has句型與there be句型的比較:兩者都表示「有」,但用法不同。前者表示所屬關系,即表示「某人或某物有什麼」,而後者表示存在,表示「某地有什麼」。
They have some new books. 他們有一些新書。
There are some new books on their desks. 他們桌子上有一些新書。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店裡有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助動詞do/ does,再加not構成,即do not have (don』t have)/ does not have (doesn』t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她沒有姐姐。
We don』t have any classes on Saturday. 我們星期六沒有課。
Ann and I don』t have a big room. 我和安沒有一個大房間。
4) 一般疑問句由「助動詞Do/ Does + 主語 + have + 賓語」構成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don』t/ doesn』t.
--Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?
--No, they don』t. 不,他們的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞 + 助動詞do/ does + have (+狀語)構成。
What do they have? 他們有什麼?
What does he have? 他有什麼?
How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?
7、介詞用法:
1) 具體時間前介詞用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七點半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o』clock. 她十一點睡覺。
2) 表示「在早上,在下午,在晚上」的短語中用介詞in,且定冠詞the不能省略;表示「在中午,在夜裡」的短語中介詞用at,不加冠詞。
in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午,at night在夜裡
3) 表示「在某天」、「在某天的上午、下午等」的短語用介詞on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什麼?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家長們帶著孩子去公園。
4) 在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什麼?
He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每個星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下個星期一去上海。
8、一般現在時
一般現在時表示經常性或習慣性的動作,或表示現在的特徵或狀態。
其動詞形式是:動詞原形(只有第三人稱單數作主語時除外,要加-s)其疑問句和否定句需要用助動詞do或does
1) 肯定句用行為動詞原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他們每天早晨起來很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一個月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don』t + 動詞原形來表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購物。
I don』t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜歡這個顏色。
3) 一般疑問句則是把助動詞do提前至句首,後面動詞用原形。回答時,肯定用 「Yes, 主語+do」;否定句用 「No, 主語+don』t」。
–Do they go to school at seven o』clock? 他們七點去上學嗎?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎?
--No, I don』t. 不,我不喜歡。
一般現在時用來表示經常的或習慣性的動作,常與以下的時間狀語連用:often 經常,always 總是,sometimes 有時,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車上學。
I visit my grandparents every week. 我每個星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她總是上課遲到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有時出去吃飯。
It often rains here. 這兒常常下雨。
主語為第三人稱單數時的一般現在時
一般現在時態,當主語為第三人稱單數時,謂語動詞也要是第三人稱單數,後要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜歡夜裡讀書。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平時騎車上學。
The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶。
轉換成否定句要加doesn』t,其後的動詞用原形。
Kelly doesn』t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn』t feel well today. 他今天感覺不舒服。
轉換成一般疑問句,句首用Does,其後的動詞用原形。
Does he have lunch at school? 他在學校吃午飯嗎?
Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長時間嗎?

❿ 初一英語語法

首先 主謂賓結構 I have an apple.

其次 定狀補 I really have a big apple.
really做have的狀語 狀語修飾動詞 動詞一般就是謂語動詞
big做apple的定語 定語修飾名詞 名詞一般是主語或賓語

最後主系表結構 它與主謂賓很相似 只不過謂語動詞時系動詞 最常見的是be動詞及其變形 I am a student。

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