⑴ 初二上學期英語語法固定搭配短語
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的？
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京？
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有「竟會」的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎麼知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚？
should有時表示應當做或發生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點：
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問職業。如：
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的？
該句相當於：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：
What color do you like best? （所有顏色）
你最喜愛什麼顏色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范圍）
你最喜愛哪一種顏色？
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如：
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國？
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些：
always（總是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，經常）
sometimes（有時候）
never（從不）
2.頻度副詞的位置：
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.
大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7：10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強調。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有時我步行回家，有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時，主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如：
Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語，譯為「每一天」。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7：10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語，譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活動是什麼？
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）。
助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
（doesn't是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義）
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎？
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎？
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關燈的動作沒有發生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞後面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：
You are nice. (通順，所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢，現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提問：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然，學生多了更多的回答角度，也體現了考試的靈活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中：
enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式，即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如：
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如：
man（單數）---men（復數） banana（單數）---bananas（復數）
3.動詞有原形，第三人稱單數形式，-ing分詞，過去式，過去分詞。如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候，謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式，即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如：
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如：
man（單數）---men（復數） banana（單數）---bananas（復數）
3.動詞有原形，第三人稱單數形式，-ing分詞，過去式，過去分詞。如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候，謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名詞的復數構成的幾種形式
名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
I 名詞復數的規則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如：
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞，詞尾加-es。如：
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。如：
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞，將-y變為-i,再加-es。如：
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變為-v，再加-es。如：
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是：
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞復數的不規則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如：
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改為-men。如：
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾。如：
child---children
4.單復數同形。如：
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示「某國人」的單、復數變化。即「中日瑞不變英法變，其它國把-s加後面」。如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如：
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見的有以下這些：
1.let→letting 讓
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘記
put→putting 放
set→setting 設置
babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping 購物
trip→tripping 絆
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅遊
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 開始
prefer→preferring 寧願
plan→planning 計劃
15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞
1.some變為any。如：
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中，some可以不變。如：
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化。
2.and變為or。如：
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)變為many或much。如：
They have a lot of friends.（可數名詞）
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數名詞）
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already變為yet。如：
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in與after
in 與 after 都可以表示時間，但二者有所區別。
1.in 經常用於將來時的句子中，以現在為起點，表示將來一段時間。如：
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周後他會動身去北京。
2.after 經常用於過去時的句子中，以過去為起點，表示過去一段時間。如：
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周後他動身去了北京。
不過，如果after後跟的是具體的時刻，它也可用於將來時。如：
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十點後我們會完成工作的。
3.注意區分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周後我會去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周內我會去拜訪他兩次。
17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如：
There is a "b" in the word "book".
單詞book中有個字母b。
類似的字母還有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用於以母音音素開頭的單詞前。如：
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
單詞onion中有個字母i。
類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨傘嗎？
3.以母音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如：
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」？
英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種，常見的有以下這些：
1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作。如：
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態。如：
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物動詞，有「給......穿衣」的意思，後接「人」，而不是「衣服」。如：
Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物動詞，表示衣著的習慣。如：
The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿著的狀態。如：
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)
a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義。他們的區別在哪裡呢？
1. a little 意為「一些、少量」，後接不可數名詞。如：
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。
還可以接形容詞。如：
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意為「一些、少數」，後接復數的可數名詞。如：
There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。
3. a bit 意為「一點兒」，後接形容詞。如：
It's a bit cold. 有點冷。
a bit of 後接不可數名詞。如：
He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。
4. a little 表肯定意義，little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義，few 表否定意義。如：
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。
Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。
5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞；
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後接形容詞，意為「有點兒」。
20) 關於like的用法
like 可以作動詞，也可以作介詞。
1、like 作動詞，表示一般性的「愛好、喜歡」，有泛指的含義。如：
Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎？
like 後可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接動詞的-ing分詞（like doing sth），有時意思不盡相同。如：
She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。（習慣）
She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。（平常不喜歡吃）
like 與 would 連用，後接不定式，表示願望或客氣的請求。如：
Would you like a cup of tea?您願意喝杯茶嗎？
「喜歡某人做某事」可以用結構「like sb to do sth/doing sth」。如：
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介詞，可譯成「像......」。如：
She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好，就像母親一樣。
It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。
3、區分以下句子：
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句譯為「他長相如何？」指一個人的外貌特徵；而B句譯為「他人怎麼樣？」指人的性格特點。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意為「停下來去做某事」。如：
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
學生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。
2. stop doing sth 意為「停止做某事」。如：
The students stopped talking. 學生們停止了談話。
與它們相反的句式是：go on to do sth 「繼續做某事（與剛才一事不同）」和 go on doing sth 「繼續做某事（與剛才同一件事）」。如：
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作業，接著繼續去念英語。
They went on playing games. 他們繼續玩游戲。
⑵ 初一到初二英語所有句型 語法 短語
英語作文加分短語： 1.kinds of 各種各樣的
2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的盡頭，在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及時
13. make one』s way to…往……（艱難地）走去
14. just then 正在那時
15. first of all 首先，第一
16. go wrong 走錯路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵鬧，喧嘩
19. get on 上車
20. get off 下車
21. stand in line 站隊
22. waiting room 候診室，候車室
23. at the head of……在……的前頭
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 亂丟，拋散
26. in fact 實際上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one』s temperature 給某人體溫
31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛
32. have a headache 頭痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地，反復地
38. wake up 醒來，叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 檢查
41. take exercise運動
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按時
45. out of從……向外
46. all by oneself 獨立，單獨
47. lots of=a lot of 許多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回來，取回
50. sooner or later遲早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光，吃完
53. run after 追趕
54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顧，照料
56. think of 考慮到，想起
57. keep a diary 堅持寫日記
58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下
59. harder and harder 越來越厲害
60. turn on打開（電燈、收音機、煤氣等）
61. turn off 關
⑶ 及須;初二英語上冊短語,句型,語法,等
Unit 1 Sports and Games
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?
一、課文知識點：
1．重點詞彙及短語：
team, win, almost, join, club, dream, shame, hour, pretty, popular, healthy, weekend, cheer…on, quite a bit/a lot, grow up, in the future, arrive in/at, play against, leave for, the day after tomorrow, take part in, World Cup, pretty well, the high jump, the long jump, all over, be good for, keep fit
2．語法：be going to結構
3．重點句型及交際用語：
（1）—Which sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?
—I prefer rowing.
（2）—Do you row much?
—Yes, quite a bit/ a lot. No, seldom.
（3）—Are you going to join the school rowing club?
—Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
（4）—What are you going to be when you grow up?
—I'm going to be a dancer.
（5）It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long.
（6）They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
（7）What a shame!
（8）She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.
（9）There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
（10）Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
二、課文講解：
1．I saw you play basketball almost every day ring the summer holidays.
我看見你暑假期間幾乎每天都打籃球。
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事。表示某動作經常性發生，
這個句型也可以用doing 的形式表示動作正在進行
1）I see you go to school early every morning. 我看見你每天早晨上學很早。
2）I often see the boys play basketball. 我經常看見男孩子們打籃球。
3）I saw my brother reading in his bedroom just now. 剛才我看見我弟弟在房間里看書。
2．Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你願意來為我們加油嗎？
cheer sb. on為……喝彩，向……歡呼。
如果後面接名詞，放在cheer on的中間和後面都可以，如果後面接的是人稱代詞賓格，則必須放在中間。如：
I'll cheer you on. 我將為你喝彩。
3．I hope our team will win. 我希望我們隊獲勝。
（1）hope to do sth. 希望做某事。如：
Betty hopes to study Chinese in Peking University. 貝蒂希望在北京大學學中文。
（2）hope+that從句，that可以省略。如：
I hope it will be fine. 我希望天氣好轉。
4．I prefer rowing. 我更喜歡劃船。
prefer更喜歡，相當於like…better。
此句還可以說I like rowing better.
prefer doing sth. 更喜歡，寧願做某事。如：
We prefer listening to music. 我們更喜歡聽音樂。
Do you prefer watching TV at home? 你寧願在家看電視嗎？
5．—Do you row much? —你經常劃船嗎？
—Yes quite a bit/ a lot. /No, seldom. —是的，經常。/不，幾乎沒有。
much在此處是副詞，用來修飾動詞row。如：
—Do you read much? 你看書多嗎？
—Yes, quite a bit. 是的，相當多。
—Do you swim much? 你游泳多嗎？
—No, seldom. 不，幾乎不游泳。
6．Are you going to join the school rowing club?
你要加入學校劃船俱樂部嗎？
join通常指參加某種活動或加入某個組織成為其成員。接活動時，常與in連用，指加入組織時，join後不用介詞。如：
He joined in the game. 他參加了這個游戲。
My uncle joined the Party in 1988. 我叔叔是1988年入黨的。
7．What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長大後想干什麼？
grow up 長大成人。
1）When I grow up, I want to work in Shenzhen. 長大後，我要去深圳工作。
2）I grew up in a beautiful city. 我在一個美麗的城市長大。
David Beckham, a famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday. 著名球星大衛·貝克漢姆和他的球隊昨天到達了北京。
arrive in/at到達，區別是in後賓語為大地點，而at後賓語為小地點。如：
He arrived in Hong Kong yesterday. 他昨天到達了香港。
They arrived at the bus stop early this morning. 今天他們很早到達了車站。
get to到達，後接地點。
When did you get to Shanghai?
你們什麼時候到達上海的？
8．The team will play against China's national team.
這個隊將與中國國家隊比賽。
play against…跟……比賽。如：
Would you like to play against us? 你們願意和我們比賽嗎？
9．It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long. 很遺憾他們不在北京待很久。
It's too bad that…很遺憾……
1）It's too bad that I can't help you. 很遺憾我不能幫你。
2）It's too bad that they aren't going to come here. 非常遺憾他們不來這里。
對於很遺憾的事，我們還可以用I'm so sorry. 或It's a pity. 來表達。如：
1）—I'm ill, so I can't take part in the party.
因為我生病了，所以我不能參加這個聚會。
—I'm so sorry. 很遺憾。
2）—He worked hard, but be didn't pass the English exam.
他努力學習，但沒有通過這次英語考試。
—It's a pity. 很遺憾。
10．What a shame! 真遺憾！ 多可惜啊！
通常用於某些不隨心願的情況下。如：
1）Oh, it's raining. What a shame! 啊！下雨了。真糟糕！
2）—I can't find my cellphone. 我找不到我的手機了。
—What a shame! 真可惜！
11．He broke the Olympic record and won a gold medal in the Athens Olympic. 他在雅典奧運會上打破了奧運會紀錄並獲得了一枚金牌。
（1）break the record 打破紀錄
（2）win a gold medal獲得金牌
win v. 獲勝、贏得，後常跟某種比賽，過去式為won。如：
Which team won the football game? 哪個隊贏了這場足球賽？
12．They are sure that she will win. 他們肯定她能獲勝。
be sure+從句，表示「肯定，有把握」。如：
I'm sure (that) the story is true. 我肯定這故事是真的。
I'm sure (that) eating too much is bad for you. 我肯定吃得太多對你不好。
13．How often does she go cycling? 她多長時間進行一次騎自行車運動？
（1）go cycling 騎自行車
go swimming 去游泳
go skating 去滑冰
go skiing 去滑雪
go fishing 去釣魚
go climbing 去爬山
go shopping 去購物
（2）how often多長時間一次，表示頻率。常用頻度副詞always一直，總是；usually通常；often時常，常常；sometimes有時；seldom很少；never從來沒有；once a week每周一次；twice a year每年兩次；
—How often do you play table tennis? 你多長時間玩一次乒乓球？
—Once a week. 每周一次。
另外 how long表示「多久，多長時間」，是時間段的概念。
—How long does she stay in the gym every day?
她每天在健身房待多長時間？
—Two hours. 兩小時。
14．Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
因為它（足球）使我強壯而且它在全世界都受歡迎。
（1）make是使役動詞，意思是「使，讓」，後面接形容詞、介詞短語、名詞短語作賓語補足語。如：
1）I made him very happy. 我讓他很高興。
2）Linda's parents make her at home. 琳達的父母讓她待在家裡。
3）We make him our monitor. 我們選他當我們的班長。
（2）all over the world全世界 all over到處，處處，遍及…… 如：
all over China 遍及全中國
all over the city 整個城市
15．Running is good for legs, heart and lungs. 跑步對腿、心和肺有益。
be good for對……有益。如：
Watching TV too much is not good for your health. 看太多電視對你的身體沒有好處。
三、語法
be going to結構
1．定義：be going to表示打算，計劃，准備去做一件事情。這種打算常經過預先考慮並含有自己做好某些准備的意思，因此用be going to表示的行動通常會付諸實踐。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday? 這個星期天你打算干什麼？
—I'm going to play basketball with my classmates. 我打算和同學去打籃球。
She is going to take part in the high jump and the long jump. 她打算參加跳高和跳遠項目。
They are going to plant trees around the school. 他們打算去學校周圍種些樹。
I am going to Beijing next month. 下個月我准備去北京。
2．轉變句型
A、一般疑問句：把be(am, is, are)動詞直接提到句首。即：Be+主語+going to+動詞原形+……？如：
Tom and Kate are going to take part in the soccer club.
湯姆和凱特要參加足球俱樂部。
Are Tom and Kate going to take part in the soccer club?
湯姆和凱特要參加足球俱樂部嗎？
B、否定句：在be後直接加not，即主語+be+not+going to+動詞原形+…… 如：
Ling isn't going to sing at the party tomorrow evening.
明晚玲不打算在聚會上唱歌。
C、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句+be+主語+going to+動詞原形+……？如：
What are you going to do next month? 下個月你將干什麼？
Where are they going to meet this Sunday? 這周日他們將在哪兒會面？
四、練習
Ⅰ、單項選擇
（ ）1、Lily ____ the long jump, and she jumped very far.
A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in
（ ）2、Cycling can make your body _____.
A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong
（ ）3、—____ does she stay in the city every year?
—Two months.
A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How
（ ）4、Michael Jordan is good at _____ basketball.
A. to play B. play C. to playing D. playing
（ ）5、—How often does Ann go to the gym?
—_______
A. Twice a week. B. For two hours. C. At two o'clock. D. Two time a week.
（ ）6、I saw Tom often _____ with his father ring the summer holidays.
A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming
（ ）7、Running is a good way _____ fit.
A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
（ ）8、He prefers _____ to ______ on the weekend.
A. go shopping; go swimming B. going shopl going swim
C. going shopping; going swimming D. to go shopping; to go swimming
（ ）9、There _____ a school sports meet next month.
A. will have B. is C. is going to have D. is going to be
（ ）10、Swimming can help to keep your heart ______.
A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. healthly
參考答案：1-5 DAADA 6-10 CBCDB
Ⅱ、選用方框中句子補全對話，其中有二項多餘。
A. It's October 1st.
B. Because it's the birthday of our country on that day.
C. Let's have a party.
D. People hold dragon boat race(龍舟比賽)in many places and eat rice mplings to remember Qu Yuan.
E. They often go shopping or touring(觀光).
F. Many people watch the National flag(國旗)go up.
G. What's the date today?
S——Sally
K——Kangkang
S：When is May Day?
K：It's on May the 1st.
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 1
S：When is Dragon Boat Festival?
K：It's on the lunar(農歷)May 5th.
S：What do people do on that day?
K： 2
S：When is National Day?
K： 3
S：Why do people celebrate it?
K： 4
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 5
1．______ 2．______ 3．______ 4．_______ 5．______
參考答案：1—5 EDABF
Ⅲ、完形填空
（A）
In England, people don't usually talk much. You can get on 1 bus, or a train, 2 everyone sits looking 3 the window. Often they read. They read books and newspapers, but they don't talk much.
4 you meet English people, they often talk about one thing—the 5 . So when you meet someone in England, you can say,「Nice weather 6 the time of year!」
「But it was a little cold yesterday,」 7 may answer.
「But it is going to be a bit warmer 8 !」you can say. Talk 9 this, and the English will think,「How 10 you are!」
（ ）1．A. an B. a C. the D.（不填）
（ ）2．A. and B. so C. but D. or
（ ）3．A. after B. like C. out of D. or
（ ）4．A. Because B. When C. Then D. before
（ ）5．A. weather B. food C. date D. time
（ ）6．A. to B. for C. on D. from
（ ）7．A. someone B. anyone C. other D. man
（ ）8．A. yesterday B. later C. in a minute D. all day
（ ）9．A. like B. about C. with D. into
（ ）10．A. easy B. high C. friendly D. healthy
參考答案：1—5 BCCBA 6—10 BABAC
（B）
Summer is very hot, but most American families like to have a holiday 1 summer. Summer is a good season 2 holidays. It's very hot ring the months of July and August. Children don't go to school ring these 3 months.
Some 4 like to be at home ring the holidays. They work in gardens, talk with friends, 5 books, or watch TV. Some families 6 lunch in parks or some places far away 7 the city. They like to eat in places with many trees or a nice lake. If they live near the sea, they often go to the beach. They can fish, swim or 8 the sunshine there.
America is a large country. Many families travel by car or by train to see interesting places. They also 9 other countries by plane. Many big cities have many famous buildings, shops or other places 10 travelers.
1．A. for B. in C. on D. with
2．A. to B. of C. in D. for
3．A. one B. two C. three D. four
4．A. people B. girls C. men D. women
5．A. see B. watch C. look D. read
6．A. has B. take C. have D. carry
7．A. from B. of C. to D. with
8．A. like B. love C. look D. enjoy
9．A. travel at B. travel to C. travel in D. travel for
10．A. for B. in C. on D. with
參考答案：1—5 BDBAD 6—10 CADBA
Ⅳ、閱讀理解
（A）
Mr. King goes to a dinner party. He is wearing old clothes. He comes into the room. But people in the room don't look at him. They don't ask him to sit at the table.
Mr. King goes home and puts on his good clothes. He goes back to the party. Everyone in the room stands up and smiles at him. They give him very good food to eat.
Mr. King takes off his clothes, and puts them in the food and says,「Eat, clothes!」
The other people ask,「What are you doing?」
He answers,「I'm asking my coat to eat food. I am wearing my old clothes. You don't look at me. You don't ask me to sit down. Now I'm in these clothes. And you give me very good food. Now I see, you give the food to my clothes, not to me!」
（ ）1．Mr. King goes to the dinner, but people in the room don't look at him. Because _____.
A. he doesn't come by car B. he is old
C. he is wearing his old clothes D. he is young
（ ）2．Mr. King goes home to ______ his _____ clothes.
A. put on; good B. puts on; fine
C. take off; good D. wear; good
（ ）3．Mr. King goes back to the party, people in the room stand up and smile at him, because _____.
A. he is wearing his old clothes
B. he comes by a very good car
C. he is wearing his good clothes
D. he is putting on his good clothes
（ ）4．Mr. King takes off his good clothes, and _____ them ______ the good food.
A. ask; to eat B. asks; to eat C. let's; to eat D. ask; eat
（ ）5．Mr. King says the good food is ______.
A. for her B. for his good clothes C. for me D. for him
參考答案：1—5 CACBB
（B）
Many people do not like to stay at home on holidays. They want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. So people from the country come to the city and people from the city go to the country for holidays. During the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. It is very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. Many people take cars or buses for traveling.
Last may Day my family went to the country by car for our holiday. There was too much traffic on the road, so we had to move very slowly. It took us about an hour to get out of the town. After some time, we came to a hill. It was green and beautiful. We thought this was a good place for a picnic, so we stopped and took the foods, fruits and drinks out of the car. We sat down and began to eat. Suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. We had to run back to our car and had our picnic in the car. Then we drove home. What a sad trip!
根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。
（ ）1．Do people like to stay at home on holidays?
A. Yes, they do. B. No, they don't.
C. Yes, they like. D. No, they aren't.
（ ）2．Did they have a good trip?
A. Yes, they did. B. No, they didn't.
C. Yes, they had. D. No, they went there.
（ ）3．What does「suddenly」mean? It means _____.
A. 強烈地 B. 突然 C. 迅速地 D. 慢慢地
（ ）4．What is the meaning of「blew」? The meaning is _____.
A. 藍色 B. 刮風 C. 吹氣 D. 推
（ ）5．How long did they spend(花費)getting out of the town?
A. Half an hour. B. About an hour. C. Two hours. D. Three hours.
參考答案：1—5 BBBBB
⑷ 初二全部英語短語 語法用法
. For the last ~ years, I have beenand still am a / an ~。
⑸ 初二英語上冊所有時態 語法 短語 要詳細啊 求求了
1.初中英語教材中共出現近500個片語，其中有一部分為常用片語，要求能熟練運用。
2.在學習中，要注意片語的積累，特別要注意介詞片語和短語動詞的積累。
3.對固定片語的意義，切不可望文生義。例如，動詞look願意為「看」，但look after意為「照料」，look up (a word in a dictionary)意為「(在詞典中)查找(單詞)」。
4.要十分注意固定片語中冠詞的使用。有時冠詞可引起詞義的變化，例如，go the school意為「上學」，而go to the school意為「到學校里去」；take place意為「發生」，而take the place意為「取代」。有些片語中須用冠詞，而另一些則不用。例如，in the evening, at night。
一、動詞片語(包括短語動詞)、介詞片語和其他片語
(一)由be構成的片語
1)be back/in/out 回來/在家/外出
2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at 善於，擅長於
4)be careful of 當心，注意，仔細
5)be covered with 被……復蓋
6)be ready for 為……作好准備
7)be surprised (at) 對……感到驚訝
8)be interested in 對……感到舉
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在進行，在上演， （燈）亮著
11)be able to do sth. 能夠做……
12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……)
13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的氣
14)be pleased (with) 對……感到高興(滿意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名
16)be strict in (with) (對工作、對人)嚴格要求
17)be from 來自……，什麼地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 餓了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 擔憂
20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……
21)be covered with 被……所覆蓋……
22)be in (great) need of (很)需要
23)be in trouble 處於困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高興做……
25)be late for ……遲到
26)be made of (from) 由……製成
27)be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
28)be free 空閑的，有空
29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing (with) 忙於做……(忙於……)
(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、looke、put、set、send、take、turn、play等動詞構成的片語
1)come back 回來
2)come down 下來
3)come in 進入，進來
4)come on 快，走吧，跟我來
5)come out出來
6)come out of 從……出來
7)come up 上來
8)come from 來自……
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功課/回家作業
10)do more speaking/reading多做口頭練習/朗讀
11)do one's best 盡力
12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)買東西(做飯菜，讀點書，大掃除)
13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操
15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16)do well in 在……某方面幹得好
17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准備好
19)get ready for (=be ready for) 為……作好准備
20)get on (well) with 與……相處(融洽)
21)get back 返回
22)get rid of 除掉，去除
23)get in 進入，收集
24)get on/off 上/下車
25)get to 到達
26)get there 到達那裡
27)give sb. a call 給……打電話
28)give a talk 作報告
29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂會)
30)give back 歸還，送回
31)give……some advice on 給……一些忠告
32)give lessons to 給……上課
33)give in 屈服
34)give up 放棄
35)give sb. a chance 給……一次機會
36)give a message to…… 給……一個口信
37)go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧
38)go to the cinema 看電影
39)go go bed 睡覺(make the bed 整理床鋪)
40)go to school (college) 上學(上大學)
41)go to (the) hospital 去醫院看病
42)go over 過一遍，復習/ go over to 朝……走去
43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去鉤魚/滑冰/游泳/買東西
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那兒)
45)go round 順便去，繞道走
46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步
48)go on (doing) 繼續(做……)
49)go on with one's work 繼續某人的工作
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下樓
51)(the lights) go out (燈)熄了
52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上課/開會
53)have a football match (basketball match) 舉行一場足球(藍球)賽
54)have dictation 聽見
55)have a try 試一試
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高興
57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 聽講座(聽鋼琴音樂會)
58)have a report (talk) on 聽一個關於……的報告
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水，(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯
61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一頓飯(三餐飯)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早飯吃麵包和牛奶
64)have (have got) a headache 頭痛
65)have a fever 發燒
66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look (at) 看一看……
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一會兒(工間或課間休息)
69)have a talk 談話
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71)have sports 進行體育鍛煉
72)have a sports meet (meeting) 開運動會
73)have something done 讓人(請人)做……
74)have a test/an exam 測驗/考試
75)have an idea 有了個主意
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 與……談幾句話
78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面幫助…… 幫助……做
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 請隨便吃點雞/魚/肉
80)help each other 互相幫助
81)keep up with 跟上……，不落後於……
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安靜
83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……
84)keep one's diary 記日記
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵鬧(十分嘈雜，響聲)
86)make a living 謀生
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做……
88)make faces (a face)做鬼臉
89)make friends (with)與……交朋友
90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯錯誤
91)make room/space for 給……騰出地方
92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由……製成
95)be made in 在……地方製造
96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面)
97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典
98)look up 往上看，仰望
99)look after 照管，照看，照顧
100)look for 尋找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起來氣色好/健康/疲勞/憂慮
103)look out 當心，小心
104)look on …as… 把……當作……看待
105)look around 朝四周看
106)look at 看著……
107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戲劇)
108)put up 建造，搭起，掛起，舉起，張帖
109)put into 使進入，輸入
110)put one's heart into 全神貫注於
111)put…down… 把……放下
112)put…into… 把……譯成
113)set up 豎起，建起
114)set off 出發，動身
115)set out 出發
116)set an example for 為……樹立榜樣
117)send for 派人去請(叫)
118)send out 放出，發出
119)end up 把……往上送，發射
120)take one's advice 聽從某人勸告
121)take out 拿出，取出
122)take down 拿下
123)take place 發生
124)take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人職務
125)take the place of 代替……
126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127)take it easy 別緊張
128)take sth.with sb. 隨身帶著
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 帶某人去公園/倫敦度假
130)take care of 關心，照顧，保管
131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最後看一眼)
132)take an exam 參加考試
133)take away 拿走
134)take back 收回，帶回
135)take hold of 抓住……
136)take off 脫下(衣，帽，鞋等)拿掉
137)take (an active) part in (積極)參加(活動)
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服葯
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽車，火車/船
141)turn on 開，旋開(電燈，收音機等)
142)turn off 關上(電燈，收音機等)
143)turn in 交出，上交
144)turn…into… 變成
145)turn to 翻到，轉向
146)turn down (把音量)調低
147)turn…over 把……翻過來
148)play basketball 打籃球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球
149)play games 做游戲
150)play the piano (the violin) 彈鋼琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 對……開玩笑
(三)由其他動詞構成的片語
153)think over 仔細考慮
154)arrive at/in a place 到達某處
155)eat up 吃完，吃光
156)do well in 在……幹得好
157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜歡做某事 喜歡干某事
158)find out 發現，查出(真相等)
159)finish off 吃完，喝完
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161)stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事
162)hold a meting 舉行會議
163)hold up 舉起
164)hurry up 趕快，快點
165)enter for 報名參加
166)langht at 嘲笑
167)be used to 習慣於
168)used to 過去常常
169)wake…up 喚醒
170)work out 算出
二、動詞短語、介詞短語和其他片語
1)ask for 向……要……，請求
2)ask for leave 請假
3)send for 派人去請(叫)
4)pay for 付……的款
5)wait for 等候
6)thank for 為……感謝
7)apologize to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人道歉
8)look for 尋找
9)leave…for 離開……去……
10)fall off 跌落
11)catch cold 著涼，傷風
12)catch up with 趕上
13)agree with sb. 贊成，同意某人的意見
14)filled……with 把……裝滿
15)tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人某事
16)talk about 談論……
17)think about 考慮……
18)worry about 擔憂……
19)look after 照料
20)run after 追趕，跟在後面跑
21)read after 跟……讀
22)smile at 對……微笑
23)knock at 敲(門、窗)
24)shout at 對……大喊(嚷)
25)throw away 扔掉
26)work hard at 努力做……
27)wait in line 排隊等候
28)change…into… 變成
29)hurry into… 匆忙進入
30)run into… 跑進
31)hear of 聽說
32)think of 認為，考慮
33)catch hold of 抓住
34)instead of 代替……
35)hand in 交上來
36)stay in bed 卧病在床
37)hear from 收到……來信
38)at once 立刻
39)at last 最後
40)at first 起先，首先
41)at the age of… 在……歲時
42)at the end of… 在……之末
43)at the beginning of… 在……之初
44)at the foot of… 在……腳下
45)at the same time 同時
46)at night/noon 在夜裡/中午
47)with one's help 在某人的幫助下，由於某人的幫助
48)with the help of … 在……的幫助下
49)with a smile 面帶笑容
50)with one's own eyes 親眼看見
51)after a while 過了一會兒
52)from now on 從現在起
53)from then on 從那時起
54)far example 例如
55)far away from 遠離
56)from morning till night 從早到晚
57)by and by 不久
58)by air mail 寄航空郵件
59)by ordinary mail 寄平信
60)by the way 順便說
61)by the window 在窗邊
62)by the end of… 到……底為止
63)little by little 逐漸地
64)in all 總共
65)in fact 事實上
66)in one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時
67)in a hurry 匆忙
68)in the middle of 在……中間
69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
70)in time (on time) 及時
71)in public 公眾，公開地
72)in order to 為了……
73)in front of 在……前面
74)in the sun 在陽光下
75)in the end 最後，終於
76)in surprise 驚奇地
77)in turn 依次
78)of course 當然
79)a bit (of) 有一點兒
80)a lot of 許多
81)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
82)on foot 步行，走路
83)a talk on space 一個關於太空的報告
84)on the other hand 另一方面
85)at/on the weekend 在周末
86)on the left (right) 在左(右)邊
87)on the other side of 在……另一邊
88)on the radio 通過收音機(無線電廣播)
89)to one's joy 使……高興的是
90)to one's surprise 使……驚訝的是
三、量詞片語和其他片語
(一)量詞片語
1)a bit 一點兒
2)a few (of) 一些(可數)，幾個……
3)a little 一些(不可數)
4)a lot of (lots of) 許多
5)a piece of 一張(一片，塊)
6)a cup of 一茶懷
7)a glass of 一玻璃杯
8)a pile of (piles and piles of)一堆(一堆堆的)……
9)a box of 一盒
10)a of 一份，一本
11)a bowl of 一碗
12)a basket of 一籃
13)a plate of 一盤
14)a bottle of 一瓶
15)a basin of 一臉盆
16)a set of 一套
17)a kind of 一種
18)a type of 一種類型的
19)a great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可數名詞)
20)a large (great) number of 非常多，大量的(可數名詞)
21)a great many 大量，許多(可數名詞)
22)a different type of 一種不同型號的
23)a group of 一隊，一組，一群
(二)其他片語
1)all kinds of 各種各樣的
2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全國
3)all over 遍及每一部分，渾身
4)all one's life 一生
5)one after another 順次
6)the Children's Palace 少年宮
7)day after day 日復一日
8)up and down 上上下下
9)the day after tomorrow 後天
10)the day before yesterday 前天
11)the last/past two years (or so) 最近兩年(左右)
12)the whole country/the whole world 全國/全世界
13)a moment ago 剛才
14)just now/then 剛才/那時
15)half an hour's walk 步行半小時的路程
16)late on 過後，後來
⑹ 八年級上冊英語片語，語法，以及句子拜託了各位 謝謝
） 表示動作中狀態的詞叫做動詞。 2） 根據其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞（Notional Verb）、系動詞（Link Verb）、助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）、情態動詞（Modal Verb）。 說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞，例如： We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會。 （having是實義動詞。） He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。 （has是助動詞。） 3） 動詞根據其後是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞（Transitive Verb）、不及物動詞（Intransitive Verb），縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.。 ** 英語動詞是句子的核心。它既決定著句子意思的表達同時又決定著句子的語法結構。難怪有人說，英語是動詞和介詞的語言。可見研究動詞的用法在英語學習中是十分重要的。 (一、) 分清及物不及物: 分清動詞的及物不及物是在英語學習中必須解決的首要問題。動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況： a．主要用作及物動詞。及物動詞後面必須跟賓語。可以用於："主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"；"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補"結構。如： He reached paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing with them. 類似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b．主要用作不及物的動詞。不及物動詞後面不跟賓語。只能用與："主＋謂"結構。 This is the room where I once lived. 類似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義完全不同。 這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義；而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動詞時是"升高；舉起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有：beat vi.跳動 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長 vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.發出（氣味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說（語言） hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動手術 vt. 操作 (二、) 辨別表動作與表結果的動詞 表動作的動詞強調動作的發生，不涉及該動詞的結果。如： He looked at the picture. He saw a picture . 前一句中的動詞強調"看"這一動作；而後一句中的動詞表示"看到"這一結果。類似的還有：tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。 (三、) 記住瞬間動詞 英語中不少動詞所表示的動作在瞬間就可以完成．如： He arrived in paris yesterday. 而另一些動詞所表示的動作則可以延續．如： They worked until 12 o'clock last night. 特別是在現在完成時態的句子中，瞬間動詞的完成時態不能跟表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。瞬間動詞有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。 (四、) 掌握好表狀態的連系動詞與表變化的連系動詞 英語中的連系動詞主要分為兩大類： a．表狀態的連系動詞。如：he is a good worker. 除了be 而外，還有：stand(位於),lie(位於),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。 b．另一類連系動詞表示動作或變化，是由行為動詞轉化而來的。一般在這些連系動詞後跟形容詞作表語如：his hair grows grey. 這類連系動詞還有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。 (五、) 注意詞義相近，用法不同的動詞 a．表主觀與客觀的動詞 I received his invitation last night, but i didn't want to accept it. 該句中，動詞receive, accept 都表示"接受"但前者表示客觀地接收到什麼東西；後者表示 "I" 的主觀意願。類似用法的動詞還有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。 b．表直接與間接的動詞 He heard that the scientist would come to our school. He heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school. 前句中hear的表示直接聽說的，而後一句中hear of 的表示間接聽說的。類似用法的動詞還有：know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。 (六、) 重視多字動詞的用法 所謂多字動詞是指動詞與某些副詞、介詞構成的動詞片語。一般有四種形式： a．"動詞+介詞"結構。 該結構中的動詞是不及物動詞，當和一些介詞搭配後，則把它看成一個整體，即把它看成一個及物動詞。如： We never thought of such success when we first started. 類似用法的還有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to... b．"動詞+副詞"結構。該結構中的動詞是及物動詞的，該結構及物；是不及物的，則不及物。如： We put off the sports meet. After he grew up, he went to london to work for a company. 類似用法的還有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up.... 在這類結構中，必須注意有的多字動詞即及物又可不及物。有的甚至漢語意義也完全不相同。如： He looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起頭看) He looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找) 類似的有break down vi.（車等）壞了 vt. 分解，分為 ; go over vi. 走過去 vt. 復習，仔細查看等。 c．"動詞+副詞+介詞"結構。如： We should do away with that sort of thing. 類似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with.... d．"動詞+名詞+介詞"結構。該結構是最多，最常見的多字動詞。如： We will take care of them. 類似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in.... **** 說明：同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。） 4） 根據是否受主語的人稱和數的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動詞（Finite Verb）、非限定動詞（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想學好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。 說明：英語中共有三種非限定動詞，分別是：動詞不定式（Infinitive）、動名詞（Gerund）、分詞（Participle）。
⑺ 英語八年級上冊所有的語法，固定短語，片語 重點句型 幫託了親們
新目標英語八年級上短語歸納
Unit 1
1. go to the movies=go to the cinema 去看電影
2. look after=take care of 照顧
3. surf the Internet 上網
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去劃板
6. (be) in good health =（be）healthy身體健康
7. keep healthy=stay healthy=keep in good health 保持健康
8. as for至於
9. exercise=take/do exercise=play sports=do sports鍛煉,做運動
10. eating habits 飲食習慣
11. the same as 與……相同
12. once a month一月一次
13. be different from 不同
14. twice a week一周兩次
15. make a difference to 對什麼有影響
16. how often 多久一次
17. although=though雖然
18. most of the students=most students大多數學生
19. activity survey活動調查
20. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物
21. do homework做家庭作業
22. do housework做家務事
23. junk food垃圾食物
24. be good/bad for 對……有益(害)
25. on/at weekends 在周末
26. want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth 想做某事
27. want sb to do sth= would like sb to do sth想某人做某事
28. try to do sth 盡量做某事
a) try doing sth 試著做某
b) try one』s best to do sth 盡力做某事
29. come home from school放學回家
30. of course=certainly=sure當然
31. get good grades取得好成績
32. help sb （ to ）do sth 幫助某人做某事，
33. help sb with sth在某方面幫助某人
34. a lot of =lots of=many /much許多，大量的
Unit 2
1. have a cold =catch a cold =have got a cold 感冒
2. a sore back/throat 背(咽喉)痛
3. have a stomachache 胃痛
4. lie down and rest 躺下休息
5. see a dentist 看牙醫
6. drink lots of water 多喝水
7. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶
8. a good idea 好主意.
9. stressed out 筋疲力盡
10. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
11. traditional Chinese doctors傳統中醫醫生
12. a balance of yin and yang陰陽調和
13. too much yin 陰氣太盛
14. a balanced diet飲食平衡
15. healthy/yin/yang food 健康(陰性，陽性)食品
16. at the moment = now 此刻
17. stay healthy =keep healthy =keep in good health = keep fit 保持健康
18. enjoy oneself = have a good time =have fun=have a wonderful time 玩得高興,過得愉快
19. host family 寄宿家庭
20. conversation practice會話練習
21. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事，
like doing sth 喜歡做某事，practice doing sth. 練習做某事,
mind doing sth介意做某事，finish doing sth. 完成某事,
give up doing sth 放棄做某事, keep doing sth. 堅持做某事
can』t stand doing sth.忍不住做某事, have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
即：practice, mind, finish, give up, keep, can』t stand, have fun等與enjoy用法基本相似。
Unit 3
1. spend time with friends和朋友們一起度過時光
2. a sports camp 運動野營
3. How about = What about ……怎麼樣
4. go camping 去野營, go shopping 去買東西, go swimming 去游泳,
go boating去劃船, go skating 去溜冰, go walking去散步,
go climbing 去登山, go dancing去跳舞, go hiking 去徒步遠足,
go sightseeing 去觀光, go bike riding 騎自行車旅行, go fishing 去釣魚
5. do some shopping 買東西, do some washing 洗衣服,
do some cooking 作飯, do some reading讀書,
do some speaking訓練口語
6. how long 1)多長時間 (詢問動作在時間上所延續的長度)
2）多長 （詢問事物的長度）
7. show sb sth = show sth to sb.出示某物給某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 給我書,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子遞給我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子賣給我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 給我買書,
make me a cake=make a cake for me給我做蛋糕
8. get back=come back回來
9. take walks=go for walks散步
10. think about 考慮
11. decide on= decide upon 決定計劃
12. something different 不同的事情
13. a great/exciting vacation 一個愉快的(令人激動的)假期
14. can』t wait to do sth 等不及做某事
15. a famous movie star 著名的影星
16. ask sb about sth 向某人詢問某事
17. forget to do sth 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
Unit 4
1. get to school = arrive at school= reach school 到校
2. a bus stop公共汽車站, a train/ subway station火車(地鐵站)站,
a bus station客運站, a TV station 電視台
3. take the subway 乘地鐵
4. ride a bike 騎自行車
5. take the/a bus乘公共汽車
6. want to do sth.想做某事
7. take a taxi乘坐計程車
8. walk to school 步行上學
9. go in one』s car 坐(某人的)車
10. in North America 在北美
11. by bike/ bus/ subway/ car/ train乘坐……車
12. in other parts of the world在世界的其他地區
13. have a quick breakfast迅速吃早飯
14. depend on=depend upon 依靠,靠……決定
15. the early bus 早班車
16. leave for 起程（動身）前往……
17. take sb to sp 帶某人到某處
18. a number of=many 許多
the number of ..….的數量
20. Doing sth takes sb some time/ money.
=It takes sb some time/money to do sth.
=sb spends some time/money (on sth).
=sb spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth costs sb some time/money.
=sb pay some money for sth.
某人花費多少金錢/時間做某事
21. worry about (sth/sb) = be worried about (sb/sth)
為(某人/事)著急/擔心
22. around the world= all over the world 世界各地,全世界
23. be different from 與……不同
24. how far 多遠
25. the way of ……的方式
26. the way to 到……去的路
27. the mean of ……的方式
28. the meaning of ……的意思
Unit 5
1. come to one』s party 參加某人的聚會
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. study for a test為測驗而學習
4. go to the doctor=see a doctor 去看醫生
5. have/take a piano/guitar lesson 上一堂鋼琴(吉他)課
6. much too 太，過於
7. too much 太多
8. birthday party 生日聚
9. soccer practice 足球訓練
10. look for 尋找
11. find out 找到,弄清楚,查明
12. be (go) on vacation 度假
13. join sb.加入某人(的行列)
14. a football match足球比賽
15. keep quiet 保持安靜, （ keep+形容詞表示「保持某種狀態」）
keep + (sb)+doing (使某人)不停地做某事
keep sth 保存某物，飼養某物
16. a culture club 文化俱樂部
17. 「給某人打電話」的幾種說法：
call sb (up), phone sb (up), phone to sb, telephone sb (up),
telephone to sb, ring sb (up), give sb a ring, give sb a phone,
make a telephone (call) to sb.
18. have to 不得不，必須
19. the day after tomorrow 後天
20. a science report 科學報告
21. come over 過來，順便來訪
22. the whole day =all the day 整天
23. geography project 地理作業
Unit 6
1. talk about 談論
2. in some ways 在某些方面
3. more than 超過，多於
4. in common 共有，公共
5. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
6. the same as 和……一樣
7. be good at =do well in 擅長於
8. (not) as…as… （不）如……一樣……
9. in school = at school 在校求學;在學校
10. make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
11. look the same 看起來一樣
12. talk to/with 和……談話
13. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
14. stop to do sth 接著做某事
15. primary school 小學
16. begin / start with 以……開始
17. end with 以……結束
18. in the middle of 在……中間
19. a swimming poor 游泳池
20. on the other hand =on the opposite 另一方面(邊)
21. be good with=get on well with 和……相處得好
22. use… to do… 用……來做……
23. around China=all over China 全中國
24. after that 自那以後
Unit 7
1. milk shake 奶昔
2. turn on 打開 turn off 關
turn up 調大，調亮 turn down 調小，調暗
3. pour…into… 把……倒人
4. put…into/in．．． 把……放入……內
5. 2 teaspoons of relish 兩茶匙調味品
6. cut up 切碎
7. add…to… 把……加入……中
8. mix up 混合在一起
9. make a banana smoothie 做香蕉奶昔
10. fruit salad 水果沙拉
11. on the top 在上面
12. need to do sth. 需要做某事
Unit 8
1. go to the aquarium 去水族館
2. take photos 照相，拍照
3. hang out with sb. 和某人閑逛
4. win a prize獲獎（金）
5. take the bus back to school乘公共汽車回學校
6. ice cream 冰激淋
7. at the end of在……的盡頭
8. go for a drive開車兜風
9. sound like 聽起來像……
10. thanks for doing sth. 感謝某人做了某事
11. day off 休假
12. have fun doing sth. 很高興做某事
13. have a yard sale 進行庭院舊貨出售
14. school trip 學校組織的旅行
15. in the future 將來，未來
Unit 9
1. sports stars 體育明星
2. learn to do sth.學會做某事
3. start doing(to do) sth. 開始做某事
4. have a party 舉行一次聚會
5. be born 出生
6. world record 世界紀錄
7. for example 例如……
8. too…to… 太……而不能……
9. a professional soccer player 一個專業的足球運動員
10. a movie star 一位影星
11. free time 空閑時間，業余時間
12. see sb. do sth.看見某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人在做某事
13. begin doing(to do) sth. 開始做某事
14. a skating champion 一位溜冰冠軍
15．the first prize 第一名
16. the 70－year history 七十年的歷史
17. the International Piano Competition 國際鋼琴比賽
18. at the age of 在……（多大年齡）的時候
19. major in 主修，專研
20. take (an active) part in(積極)參加
21. because of 因為
22. the number one women』s singles player 女子單打頭號選手
Unit 10
1. grow up成長
2. a basketball player 一位籃球運動員
3. a computer programmer 一位電腦程序設計師
4. take （acting）lessons 上(表演)課
5. somewhere interesting 有趣的地方
6. a part-time job 一份零工，一份兼職工作
7. a/one year or two=one or two years 一兩年
8. save money 省錢；攢錢
9. make money 掙錢、賺錢
10. hold an art exhibition 舉辦一次藝術展覽
11. at the same time 同時
12. all over the world 全世界
13. send… to… 送……到……
14. make a soccer team 組建足球隊
15. foreign language 外語
16. get good grades 取得好分數(成績)
17. make a resolution 下決心, 作計劃
18. keep fit 保持健康
19. communicate with sb 與……交際；與……交流
20. leave one』s job 辭職
21. a teaching job 一份教學的工作
22. a foreign language teacher一位外語教師
23. a welcome party 歡迎晚會
我有初中全部的短語，用的話給我留言。
語法
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