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初中英語基礎語法句型結構

發布時間:2021-01-13 14:33:05

㈠ 求初中英語基本句型,基本結構

關於名詞,我們必須掌握名詞的數,名詞的格。
單數可用a、an來修飾可數名詞單數,在母音發音開頭的單詞前用an,而不是a
1.復數的構成方法:(1)一般在復數名詞後加s,如:dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞加es,如:watch--watches。
(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i加es, 如:country--countries。

請區別:如果是母音字母加y結尾的名詞,則只須加s。 如:monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o結尾的名詞,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西紅柿)加es構成復數。
(5)以f、fe結尾的名詞,變f、fe為v再加es, 如:knife--knives。
2.單復數形式相同的詞:sheep--sheep,fish--fish Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊變化的單詞有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot--feeth
(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
請區別:German(德國人)—Germans (3)child—children
4.常以復數形式出現的名詞:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語時,同學們應特別注意它們的謂語,用復數。 如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名詞看似復數形式,實際上是單數。這一點是同學不易掌握的,應特別加以記憶。如:news(消息),maths(數學),physics(物理) No news is good news.

6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等來修飾可數名詞復數。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)

不可數名詞:1.常見的不可數名詞有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。應特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.

2.不可數名詞無復數,作主語時常看成單數。如:Some bread__________over there.(be)

3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來修飾不可數名詞。

4.常用a piece of,a cup of等來表示不可數名詞的量。如要表達「兩片麵包」這樣的意義,bread仍為不可數名詞,不加s,而piece則可加s。即:twopiecesof bread

請區別:可數名詞也可用量來表示, 如:三箱蘋果three boxes of apples

例: 1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ___________,please?

A.piece of breadB.piece of breadsC.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads

名詞的格 名詞所有格的構成方法,在名詞後加「 's」。如:Tom→Tom's譯為「…的」,若遇上以s結尾的復數名詞,則在s後加「 '」即可。如:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s結尾的復數名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加's 。如:Children's Day

關於名詞所有格,應掌握以下幾點:

知識點太多了。
我發送到你信箱里吧!

㈡ 初中英語句型結構

基本句型一: S+V (主+謂)
基本句型二: S+V+P (主+謂+表)
基本句型三: S+V+O (主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S+V+o+O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五: S+V+O+C (主+謂+賓+賓補)

基本句型 一
此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。
這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,後面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
S+V (不及物動詞)
1. The sun │was shining.
2. The moon │rose.
3. The universe │remains.
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5. Lucy and Mary │get up early every morning.
6. What he said │does not matter.
7. They │had talked for half an hour when I came in.
8. His parents │have worked in the factory for more than ten years.
基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類:be, look, keep, seem等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類,表示變化。be 本身沒有什麼意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。
S+V(是系動詞)+ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │fell │in love.
4. Everything │looks │different.
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
6. The trouble │is │that they are short of money.
7. Our well │has gone │dry.
8. His face │turned │red.
附:
聯系動詞(Link Verb)本身有詞義,但不能單獨用作謂語,後邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語),構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特徵等情況。
有些系動詞又是實義動詞,該動詞表達實義時,有詞義,可單獨作謂語,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞,後跟補足語,說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞,單獨作謂語。
1)狀態系動詞
用來表示主語狀態,只有be一詞,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續系動詞
用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什麼樣,變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that. 自那之後,他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實","變成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false.這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終於成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)

基本句型 三
此句型句子的共同特點是:謂語動詞都具有實義,都是主語產生的動作,但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
S+V(及物動詞)+O
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. She │smiled │her thanks.
3. He │has refused │to help them.
4. He │enjoys │reading.
5. They │ate │what was left over.
6. He │said │"Good morning."
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea.
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型 四
此句型的句子有一個共同特點:謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者,另一個是動作的間接承受者。
通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接,當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時,這一介詞往往被省略。
S +V(及物)+o(多指人)+O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
4. He │denies │her │nothing.
5. I │showed │him │my pictures.
6. I │gave │my car │a wash.
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late.
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型 五
此句型的句子的共同特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。
S+V(及物)+O(賓語)+C(賓補)
1. They │appointed │him │manager.
2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.
5. What │makes │him │think so?
6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon.
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
但常用的英語句子並不都象基本句型這樣簡短,這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或後面增加一些修飾語(modifier)而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞),也可以是各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。下面以基本句型五為例:
We found the hall full. 我們發現禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師,在聽一個重要報告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師,在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣,因此在學習動詞時,應掌握動詞的類型。以 get 為例:
He's getting angry. (S V C)
He got through the window. (S V M)
You'll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)
He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)
在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了這本書。(S V O M)
I found the book easy. 我覺得這本書很容易。 (S V O C)
I have to do something. 我得做點事。
I have something to do. 我有點事做。

㈢ 請告訴我一些關於初中英語的短語句型結構

enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
have fun doing sth做某事很開心
give up doing sth 放棄做某事
wait to do sth 等待做某事
stop to do sth 停下來去做某事
stop to do sth 停止做某事
remember to do sth記得去做某事
remember doing sth記得做過某事
practice doing sth練習做某事
make sb do sth讓某人做某事
feel like doing sth 感覺喜歡做某事
a lot of == lots of 接可數或不可數名詞均可
a kind of 一種 接單數可數名詞
kinds of 數種 同上
all kinds of 各種各樣的 同上

㈣ 初中英語八大時態基本結構

初中英語八大時態基本結構:

1.一般現在時: 主語+do/does(現在分詞)

2.現在進版行時: 主語+am/is/are doing

3.一般過去權時: 主語+did

4.過去進行時: was/were doing

5.現在完成時: have/has done

6.過去完成時: had done

7.一般將來時: will do/be going to do

8.過去將來時: was/were to /would do

㈤ 初中英語 五種基本句子結構

你好,很高心為你解答
英語的基本成分有六種:主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、表語
(predicative)、賓語(object)、定語(attribute)和狀語(adverbial)。
英語句子成分中,有些具有形態標志。如第一人稱代詞作主語就用主格「I」,
作賓語用賓格「me」,作定語用所有格「my」。這些形態變化對分析辨認成分
很有幫助。
漢語與英語就句子成分表面上看來差不多,實際上有不少差別。例如:
(1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.
小李回家後, 立刻就睡覺了。
(2) I'll go when I have had my dinner.
我吃了飯就去。
在英語中,同一個主語在第二次出現時不能省略,必須把每個謂語所陳述的對象都表示出來。而在漢語中,同一個主語在句中第二次出現時,就可以省
略。如例(1)中,漢語說「小李回家後立刻就睡覺了」,省去了第二個分句
的主語,倒可以避免造成誤解。若將第二次出現的主語補出來,說成「小李回
家後,他立刻就睡覺了」。聽的人反而可能把那個「他」誤會成另一個人。
英語五種基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S+V (主+謂)
基本句型二: S+V+P (主+謂+表)
基本句型三: S+V+O (主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S+V+o+O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五: S+V+O+C (主+謂+賓+賓補)

㈥ 英語中的句式結構一般有哪些(初中階段)

五大基本句型
1.主(n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主語從句)——謂(vi.如:come, go, arrive, stay, work, fall, rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last)
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Your brother has gone home.
We work hard at English.
2.主-------謂(vt.如:visit, spend, forget, raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-----賓(n./ pron./to do sth/doing sth/賓語從句)
I study chemistry and he studies physics.
I have never seen such an interesting film.
He doesn't know what to read.
3.主-------謂(vt.)------間接賓語(sb)-------直接賓語(sth.)
(1).Give sb sth=Give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show
(2).Buy sb sth=Buy sth for sb: make, get, cook, call, find
(3).Ask sb sth=Ask sth of sb
Will you lend me your bike?
Peter bought Mary a new dress.
Please get him some hot water.
Will you tell us sth about your school life?
This little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.
Pass me the paper, please.
John is teaching Mary how to ride a bicycle.
4.主-----謂(vt.)-------賓-------補(n./adj/adv/介詞短語/to do sth----如:ask, tell, order,want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid/Do sth----如:「四看」、「二聽」、「一感覺」;have, let 與 make /Doing sth/Done by sb.)
I saw her enter the lab.
Nathan Hale felt his heart beating fast.
We elected him our school headmaster.
The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.
I'll have the bike repaired.
I heard him singing happily in the next room.
That man made the boy obey him.
He painted the door red.
She found her bike stolen.
let me have a look.
We call her Xiao li.
We asked them to stay for lunch.
I wish you to go with me.
Don't keep your mother waiting.
suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.
5.主-----系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。
The news was exciting.
He was excited at the news.
The teachers' office is clean and tidy.
She became a League member in 1978.
The Summer Palace looks especially beauitiful in the early morning.
The music sounds sweet. Your answer doesn't sound right.
The dish smells good/delicious.
The liquid tastes bitter.
My job is to teach English./teaching English.
This story is very interesting.
I'm interested in the story. He became a writer in 1960.
比較: He turned writer in 1960. He will make a good athlete.(成為)希望你能熟記上述經典例句,真正掌握這五大基本句型呀。

祝你學習進步,更上一層樓! (*^__^*)
不明白的再問喲,請及時採納,多謝!

㈦ 初中英語八大句型結構

1 see,hear,notice,find,feel,listen to,look at (感官動詞)+ do
2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越…回…
3,ask sb. for sth. 向某人答什麼

㈧ 初中英語的語法與句型詳細點,介紹點例子!!!

一般現在時:1.概念:表示經常發生的情況;有規律出現的情況;總是發生的;和事實真理。
2.時間狀語:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …),
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:主語 + am/is/are + no t + 其他; 此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他總是樂於幫助別人。
Action speaks louder than words.事實勝於雄辯。
二、 一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:主語 + 動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + 其他;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經常來幫助我們。
I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。
三、 一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:主語 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它;主語 + will/shall + do + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + am/is/are not going to do ;主語 + will/shall not do + 其它
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫}
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、 一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:The next day (morning \, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:主語 + was/were + going to + do + 其它;主語 + would/should + do +其它
4.否定形式:主語 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主語 + would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那裡。
五、 現在進行時
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen
3.基本結構:主語 + be + doing + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + be + not +doing + 其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現得很好。
六、 過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構 主語+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時,我正在讀報紙。
七、 將來進行時
1.概念:表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時間開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。
2.時間狀語:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本結構:主語 + shall/will + be + 現在分詞 + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現在分詞 + 其它
5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間,他們正坐在電影院。
He won』t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。
八、 過去將來進行時
1.概念:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用於賓語從句中,尤其多用於間接引語中。
2.基本結構:should/would + be + 現在分詞
3.例句:They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。
九、 現在完成時
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時間點,for + 時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:主語 + have/has + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + have/has + not + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
5.一般疑問句:have或has放句首。
6.例句:I've written an article.我已經寫了一篇論文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年,農村發生了巨大的變化。
十、 過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
4.否定形式:主語 + had + not +p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候,火車已經開走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底,我們已經復習了四本書。
基本結構:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
①肯定句:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
②否定句:主語 + had + not + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
③一般疑問句:Had +主語 + p.p(過去分詞)+其它
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句
十一、 將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of; by the end of + 時間短語(將來);by the time + 從句(將來)
3.基本結構:主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候,就將發生巨大的變化。
十二、 過去將來完成時
1.概念:表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發生的動作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實相反。
2.基本結構:should/would have done sth.
3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前幹完。
十三、 現在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來。
2.基本結構:主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它
3.時間狀語:since + 時間點,for + 時間段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經在這里坐了一個小時。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起,孩子們一直看電視。
十四、 過去完成進行時
1.概念:表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態,持續到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續到之後的當前才結束。
2.基本結構:主語 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?
4.特殊含義:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它)
③未得結果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解)
④最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反復動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)
十五、 將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去,要視上下文而定。
2.基本結構:shall/will have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關了。
十六、 過去將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。
2.基本結構:should/would + have + been +現在分詞
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我,到年底時,他就在那住了30年了。
一、 被動語態的用法:
1. 一般現在時的被動語態構成:is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力學習。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。
2. 一般過去時的被動語態構成:was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般將來時的被動語態構成:will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會種更多的樹。
4. 現在進行時的被動語態構成:am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them. 他們在那裡種植的樹木。
5. 現在完成時的被動語態構成:has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在許多國家有許多人造衛星被送上了太空。
6.過去進行時的被動語態構成:was/were + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當他的父母趕到醫院的時候這個男孩正在做手術。
The new road was being made.這條新路正在修築。
7.過去完成時的被動語態構成:had + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn』t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前,教室尚未打掃。
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8.將來完成時的被動語態構成:shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時,他們結婚將滿20周年。
The project will have been completed before May.該項目將在五月前完成。
9.含有情態動詞的被動語態構成:情態動詞 + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often. 小樹需要經常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應該現在就改正你的錯誤。
The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業可以明天交。
二、 怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態?
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單,可以遵循以下幾個步驟:
1. 先找出謂語動詞;
2. 再找出謂語動詞後的賓語;
3. 把賓語用作被動語態中的主語;
4. 注意人稱、時態和數的變化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布魯斯每星期寫一封信。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. →The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理壞的自行車。
3. He has written two novels so far. →Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已寫了兩部小說。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他們明天將要種植十棵樹。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now. →A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在寫信。
6. You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave. 當你離開的時候你必須把門鎖上。
三、 使用被動語態應注意的幾個問題:
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態。
What will happen in 100 years?一百年裡會發生什麼事?
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約65萬年前恐龍滅絕。
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫。
This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式,主動語態中不帶to ,但變為被動語態時,須加上to。
例:Make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something
See somebody do something →somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個女孩看到我的錢夾掉了,當她經過的時候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個老闆讓這小男孩乾重活。
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,直接賓語(物)做主語,那麼動詞後要用介詞,這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. 他給了我一本書。
He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一輛新自行車。
5. 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時,動詞短語應當看作一個整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can』t laugh at him. →He can』t be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽廣播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.這護士在照顧這個虛弱的男人。

㈨ 初中英語所有句型結構,各種時態結構

英語各種時態的概念和句型結構

一、一般現在時
1、概念:表示經常性、習慣性的動作。 2、句型結構
(1)be(am,is,are)動詞
陳述肯定句:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。 陳述否定句:主語+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。 一般疑問句:Be(am,is,are)+主語+其它? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句?Who are they?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句+be(am,is,are)+not+主語(相應的代詞)? Tom is a doctor, isn』t he?
否定陳述句,+be(am,is,are)+主語(相應的代詞)? Tom isn』t a doctor , is he? (2)實義動詞
陳述肯定句:其他人稱:主語+v.原形+其它。 We go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人稱單數:主語+v.s+其它。 Sally does her homework every day.
陳述否定句:其他人稱:主語+don』t+v.原形+其它。 We don』t go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人稱單數:主語+doesn』t+v.原形+其它。 Sally doesn』t do her homework every day. 一般疑問句:其他人稱:Do+主語+v.原形+其它? Do we go to the beach every Sunday?
第三人稱單數:Does+主語+v.原形+其它? Does Sally do her homework every day? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? 其他人稱:Where do you go every Sunday? 第三人稱單數:What does Sally do every day?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+don』t/doesn』t+主語(相應的代詞)? 其他人稱:We go to the beach every Sunday, don』t we? 第三人稱單數:Sally does her homework every day, doesn』t she? 否定陳述句,+do/does+主語(相應的代詞)?
其他人稱:We don』t go to the beach every Sunday , do we? 第三人稱單數:Sally doesn』t do her homework every day , does she?
二、一般過去時
1、概念:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。 2、句型結構
(1)be(was,were)動詞
陳述肯定句:主語+be(was,were)+其它。I was at home yesterday. 陳述否定句:主語+be(was,were)+not+其它. .I wasn』t at home yesterday.
一般疑問句:Be(was,were)+主語+其它? Were you at home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? Where were you yesterday?

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反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+wasn』t/weren』t+主語(相應的代詞)? Mary was at school yesterday , wasn』t she? 否定陳述句,+was/were+主語(相應的代詞)? Mary wasn』t at school yesterday , was she?
(2)實義動詞(實義動詞的過去式沒有人稱和數的變化) 陳述肯定句:主語+v.過去式+其它。 They had a meeting last Monday. 陳述否定句:主語+didn』t+v.原形+其它。 They didn』t have a meeting last Monday. 一般疑問句:Did+主語+v.原形+其它? Did they have a meeting last Monday? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? When did they have a meeting?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+didn』t+主語(相應的代詞)? They had a meeting last Monday ,didn』t they? 否定陳述句,+did+主語(相應的代詞)? They didn』 t have a meeting last Monday ,did they?
三、現在進行時
1、概念:表示正在發生的動作,也可以用來表示按計劃或安排將要進行的
動作,有「意圖」或「打算」等含義。 2、構成:be(am,is,are)+v.ing 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+be(am,is,are)+v.ing+其它。 Mike is listening to music.
陳述否定句:主語+be(am,is,are)+not+v.ing+其它。 Mike isn』t listening to music.
一般疑問句:Be(am,is,are)+主語+v.ing+其它? IsMikelisteningtomusic?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? Whoislisteningtomusic?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+be(am,is,are)+not+主語(相應的代詞)? Mikeislisteningtomusic,isn』the?
否定陳述句,+be(am,is,are)+主語(相應的代詞)? Mike isn』t listening to music ,is he?
四、過去進行時
1、概念:表示在過去某一特定的時刻或某一段時間正在發生的動作。 2、構成:be(was,were)+v.ing 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+be(was,were)+v.ing+其它。 They were working this time yesterday.
陳述否定句:主語+be(was,were)+not+v.ing+其它。 They weren』t working this time yesterday. 一般疑問句:Be(was,were)+主語+v.ing+其它? Were they working this time yesterday? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? What were they doing this time yesterday?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+wasn』t/weren』t+主語(相應的代詞)? They were working this time yesterday , weren』t they?

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否定陳述句,+was/were+主語(相應的代詞)? They weren』t working this time yesterday ,were they?
五、一般將來時
1、概念:表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態。 2、構成:will(用於所有人稱)/shall(只用於第一人稱)+v.原形 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+will+v.原形+其它。 Tina will buy a new pen next month. 陳述否定句:主語+won』t+v.原形+其它。 Tina won』 t buy a new pen next month. 一般疑問句:Will+主語+v.原形+其它? Will Tina buy a new pen next month? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? When will Tina buy a new pen?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+won』t+主語(相應的代詞)? Tina will buy a new pen next month ,won』t she? 否定陳述句,+will+主語(相應的代詞)? Tina won』t buy a new pen next month ,will she?
begoingto+v.原形
1、概念:begoingto+v.原形表示將要發生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的
事情。
2、構成:begoingto+v.原形 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+be going to+v.原形+其它。
Tony is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 陳述否定句:主語+be+not+goingto+v.原形+其它。 Tony isn』t going to be a doctor when he grows up.
一般疑問句:Be+主語+goingto+v.原形+其它? Is Tony going to be a doctor when he grows up? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? ?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+be+not+主語(相應的代詞)? ,isn』the? 否定陳述句,+be+主語(相應的代詞)? Tonyisn』,ishe?
六、過去將來時
1、概念:表示從過去某一時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將
來時常用於賓語從句中。 2、構成:would+v.原形 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+would+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling would visi ther uncle.
陳述否定句:主語+wouldn』t+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling wouldn』t visit her uncle. 一般疑問句:Would+主語+v.原形+其它? Would Wang Ling visit he runcle? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? Who would Wang Ling visit?

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反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+wouldn』t+主語(相應的代詞)? Wang Ling would visit her uncle ,wouldn』t she? 否定陳述句,+would+主語(相應的代詞)? Wang Ling wouldn』t visit her uncle ,would she?
七、現在完成時
1、概念:
(1)表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 (2)表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態,可以和表示從過去某
一時刻延續到現在(包括「現在」在內)的一段時間的狀語連用。表示動作或狀態的動詞多是延續性動詞。 2、構成:have/has+v.過去分詞 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+have/has+v.過去分詞+其它。 I have already seen the film.
陳述否定句:主語+haven』t/hasn』t+v.過去分詞+其它。 I haven』t seen the film yet.
一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+v.過去分詞+其它? Have you seen the film yet? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? Who have seen the film?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+haven』t/hasn』t+主語(相應的代詞)? They have seen the film ,haven』t they?
否定陳述句,+have/has+主語(相應的代詞)? They haven』 t seen the film ,have they?
八、過去完成時
1、概念:表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成了的動作。它表示動作
發生的時間是「過去的過去」。表示過去某一時間可用等構成的短語。 2、構成:had+v.過去分詞 3、句型結構
陳述肯定句:主語+had+v.過去分詞+其它。 Tim had reached the station before ten o』clock. 陳述否定句:主語+hadn』t+v.過去分詞+其它。 Tim hadn』t reached the station before ten o』clock. 一般疑問句:Had+主語+v.過去分詞+其它? Had Tim reached the station before ten o』clock? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句? When had Tim reached the station?
反意疑問句:肯定陳述句,+hadn』t+主語(相應的代詞)? Tim had reached the station before ten o』clock,hadn』t he? 否定陳述句,+had+主語(相應的代詞)?
Tim hadn』t reached the station before ten o』clock,had he?
感嘆句What+n.+主語+謂語!
What fine weather it is today! What an interesting story it is! How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語! How cold it is today! How fast they are running!
祈使句肯定句:v.原形+其它.Open the door.Do it like this.
否定句:Don』t+v.原形+其它.Don』t open the door.
Don』t do it like this

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