㈠ 英語語法都有那些
「英語語法」這一概念很大,就其功能分為
詞法
、
句法
和
章法
。
建議你去買一般
初級
英語語法,系統研究一下。
㈡ 常用的英語語法有哪些呢
語從句(Subject
Clause)
定義:如果一個句子在復合句中充當一個主語,那麼這個句子就是主語從句.
第一部分:常規主語從句,即句子在復合句中充當一個主語
第二部分:為了防止句子頭重腳輕,通常把形式主語it放在主語位置,真正主語擱置於句末
狀語從句
(Adverbial
Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子.它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子.根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句.狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由片語引起.從句位於句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位於句尾時可以不用逗號隔開.
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關鍵的幾個詞背下來.
下面這個材料供參考.
一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句.它一般跟在某些名詞後面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容.如:
I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here.我不知道你在這里.
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等.如:
I』ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won』t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我從王先生那裡來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了.
三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞
that,whether,連接副詞
how,when,where等.(註:if,which
不能引導同位語從句.)如:
l
have
no
idea
When
he
will
be
back.我不知道他什麼時候回來.
He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題.
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞後面,而被別的詞隔開.如:
Several
years
later,word
came
that
Napoleon
himself
was
coming
to
inspect
them.
幾年以後,有消息傳來說拿破崙要親自視
察他們.
The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了.
五、同位語從句與定語從句的區別.
1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關系,即說明它前面名詞的內容;而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補充一些情況.如:
The
news
that
l
have
passed
the
exam
is
true.我通過了考試這一消息是真的.
(同位語從句,即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內容.)
The
news
that
he
told
me
just
now
is
true.他剛才告訴我的消息是真的.
(定語從句,從句對前面名詞起修飾限製作用,即「他告訴我的」那個消息,而不是別的消息.)
2、引導同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當任何成份,而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,除起連接作用外,還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等.如:
The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
計算機能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇.(that在從句中不充當任何成份.)
The
idea
that
he
gave
surprises
many
people.他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚.
(that在從句中作gave的賓語.)
一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形
式)就是同位語.同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,並常常緊挨在一起.
㈢ 英語語法中的從句有哪幾種,麻煩解釋一下。
英語語法中的從句有3種,1 名詞性從句 包括主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句2 形容詞性從句 即 定語從句3副詞性從句 即 狀語從句
㈣ 英語語法中從句有幾種,要詳細的。
英語中六大從句用法總結
1.主語從句
1)主語從句可直接位於主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引導的主語從句表示「...的東西時」,一般不用it作形式主語。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導的主語從句,都用陳述語序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.賓語從句
1)賓語從句可位於及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞後。連詞that常可省略。介詞後一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是)已構成固定搭配,其他介詞後一般不接that引導的賓語從句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)賓語從句後如有賓補,要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補之後。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞後的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表語從句
表語從句出現在結構為「主語+系動詞+表語從句」的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位語從句
同位語從句用於對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明,一般用連詞that引導,由於先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由於謂語較短,將同位語從句位於謂語之後。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定語從句
定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位於先行詞之後,由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。
*限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之後,無逗號,若省去,原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用於指人,whose有時也可指物,相當於of which;which用於指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用於限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時,只能用關系代詞that引導從句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關系代詞的省略
在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句,並且不可省略,但當介詞位於賓語從句句末時,作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當於一個「介詞+which」的結構。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定語從句
*非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個主句,起補充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*「介詞+which\whom\whose」引導的定語從句
「介詞+which\whom\whose」可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句,該結構中介詞的選擇取決於從句謂語動詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習慣搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導的定語從句
as引導的定語從句主要用於「such...as」及「the same...as」的結構中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時,代替整個主句,從句可位於主句之前、之後或中間。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)
6.狀語從句
*時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和片語有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、結果和目的狀語從句
1)引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態動詞。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*條件和讓步狀語從句
1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞和片語有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和片語有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構,具有強調意義。其結構為「形容詞(副詞、動詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語」。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式狀語從句
引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
㈤ 英語中從句有幾種類型
英語中從句有6類,分別為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。
1、主語從句(Subject Clause)
用作主語的從句叫主語從句。引導主語從句的關聯詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。
2、表語從句(Predicative Clause)
用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞很多都一樣。
3、賓語從句(Object Clause)
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。
4、同位語從句
是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句)中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容,它的作用相當於名詞,對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋,相當於一個表語從句,它們之間的關系就是同位關系,即主表關系。
5、定語從句
是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分,相當於形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。
6、狀語從句
用作狀語的從句叫作狀語從句,其關聯詞是一些從屬連詞。修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞,通常由從屬連詞引導,按其意義和作用可分為時間、地點、 條件、 原因、讓步、目的、結果、 方式、比較狀語從句等。
㈥ 英語語法英語從句
主要是賓語從句和狀語從句,如果說考的稍微難一些的話就是定語從句以及名詞性從句,一般考的話後兩者的難度不會很大。
賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,從句放在主句之後,前後不用逗號分開。
賓語從句:
引導賓語從句的詞有:
連詞that(在口語中that常可省略),if, whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
連接代詞who, whom, which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
連接副詞when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有「是否」的意思,一般情況下兩者可以換用,但在介詞之後,
不定式之前,與or not連用,在句首或在引導表語從句,同位語從句時,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
5.賓語從句一定要注意時態呼應,即:當主句謂語動詞是過去式時,從句中謂語動
詞也要用過去范疇的時態,但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規律,其謂語的時態仍用一般現在時,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一個賓語從句只能用一個連詞。
7.當主句謂語動詞是think, believe等動詞時,賓語從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外,當主句主語為第一人稱時,後面若接附加疑問句,那麼附加疑問句的主語、謂語應與從句中的主謂語保持一致。如:
I don't think he looks like his father, does he?
8.直接引語和間接引語也是賓語從句,直接引語是引述別人的原話,放在引號內,
不用連詞聯接;間接引語是用自己的話轉述別人的話,通常用連接詞與主句聯接。
(1)陳述句變為以that引導的賓語從句,如:
He said,「I'm happy.」[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑問句變為if(whether)引導的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,「Does his father know Mr Green?」
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑問句變為由who, what, where, how等疑問詞(連接代詞或連接副詞)引導的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,「Where is Mr Wang?」
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中連詞、時態、語序等變化
㈦ 英語的各種從句的語法問題、、、
最常見的就是:賓語從句;還有就是:狀語從句、定語從句;高中的話,還有:同內位語從句、容主語從句、表語從句。
其實,判斷是哪種從句就是看它在句子中作什麼成分,就叫什麼從句。
賓語從句 注意其 語序!! 用陳述語序;即:主語+can/will/should...+謂語+賓語。
狀語從句主要有條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句等,遵循「主將從現」原則,即主句用將來時,從句用一般現在時代替將來時。
定語從句:首先判斷先行詞,再判斷用哪個引導詞;
同位語從句就是看從句是不是對從句前的名詞的解釋說明,是的話就叫同位語從句;
表語從句就是作句子的表語;
主語從句顧名思義,作句子的主語;一般由what來引導。
具體的從句的詳細講解,請你與我保持聯系,可以隨時為你解答。