① 英語:主語謂語動詞一致的要點
一、語法一致原則
語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。
1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞用復數形式。
注意:由what引導的主語從句,後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的並列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。
2. 由連接詞and或both ... and連接起來的合成主語後面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。
注意:(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主語為單數名詞或代詞,盡管後面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數,謂語用復數形式。
4. either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。
注意:(1)在口語中當either或neither後跟有「of+復數名詞(或代詞)」作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它後面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。
5. 在定語從句時,關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。
6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由「a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞」構成的短語以及由「分數或百分數+名詞」構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。
注意:a number of「許多」,作定語修飾復數名詞,謂語用復數;the number of「……的數量」,主語是number,謂語用單數。
8. 在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致
二、邏輯意義一致原則
邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為復數;有時形式為復數,但意義為單數)。
1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數,主要靠意思來決定。
2. 表示「時間、重量、長度、價值」等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式,這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體,
3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。
4. 表數量的短語「one and a half」後接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用復數。
5. 算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞採用單數形式。
6. 一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬於形式上是復數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。
7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。
8. 「定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞」,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數。
三、就近一致原則
在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。
1. 當兩個主語由either ... or, neither ... nor, whether ... or ..., not only ... but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。
2. there be句型be動詞單復數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。
注意:Here引導的句子用法同上。
② 高中英語的主謂一致用法,語法一致,意義一致,就近原則的詳細用法。
可以網路 高考語法完全突破 視頻教程 主謂一致一講
③ 寫英語作文的時候怎樣才能保持時態一致英語語法有什麼時態分別是怎樣的
時常檢查。英語時態有16種:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、過去將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、過去將來完成時、現在完成進行時、過去完成進行時、將來完成進行時、過去將來完成進行時。
(1)一般現在時
基本形式(以do為例):
第三人稱單數:does(主語為非第三人稱單數);
肯定句:主語+動詞原形+其他;
He works for us.
否定句:主語+don『t/doesn't+動詞原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主語+do/does).
否定回答:No,(+主語+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.
(2)一般過去時
be動詞+行為動詞的過去式
否定句式:在行為動詞前加didn『t,同時還原行為動詞,或was/were+not;
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時還原行為動詞
例如: Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.
He worked for us.
(3)一般將來時
am/are/is+going to+do 或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般將來時的表達方法
be going to +動詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+動詞原形
will + 動詞原形;
例如:He is going to work for us.
He will work for us;
He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現在時 表達 將來時態 的例子!!
(4)過去將來時
be(was,were)going to+動詞原形
be(was,were)about to+動詞原形
be(was,were)to+動詞原形
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形~?
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+would(should)not+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形~?
He would work for us.
(5)現在進行時
主語+be+v.ing〔現在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動詞)
表示現在正在進行的動作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.
第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人稱+is+doing+sth
例:He is working.
(6)過去進行時
肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語:Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
(7)將來進行時
主語+will + be +現在分詞
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)過去將來進行時
should(would)+be+現在分詞
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)現在完成時
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他\
He has worked for us for ten years.
Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)過去完成時
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had
否定回答:No,主語+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)
語法判定:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)將來完成時
(shall)will+have+動詞過去分詞
before+將來時間或by+將來時間
before或by the time引導的現在時的從句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)過去將來完成時
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)現在完成進行時
基本與現在完成時相同,但是現在完成進行時只能表示仍然持續的概念
have/has been +-ing 分詞
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)過去完成進行時
had been +-ing 分詞
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)將來完成進行時
主語+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作,現在在工作,將來還會工作)
(16)過去將來完成進行時
should+have been+現在分詞用於第一人稱
would have been+現在分詞用於其他人稱
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(來自文庫)
④ 在英語的主謂一致的語法一致中,它的實際意義跟它法法在形式上本來就是一樣的,所以語法一致也可不可以理
不可以。主謂一致是指主語的人稱和單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數,另外,決定謂語動詞的形式的還有時間狀語。
英語,首先在語法上要強調主謂一致,然後才是意思。意思正確,形式不正確仍然算錯。
⑤ 中英文的語法哪些一致,哪些不一致
大致均為主語部分+謂語部分。英語多長定語後置,漢語少有後置定語;英回語多倒裝結構,如疑問句,答漢語倒裝少,僅常見於強調;英語常將強調部分前置,如特殊疑問句,如強調句,而漢語習慣層層限制,與逐漸補充的英語不同。
⑥ 英語中語法一致的例句
1、單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。復數主語,用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語,謂語動詞則用復數形式。例如:
Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務是我最大的幸福。
Whether we』ll go depends on the weather. 我們是否去要取決於天氣的好賴。
What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
我所思考的和我所尋求的都在這個論文中體現了出來。
2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語後面,不能看作是並列主語,該主語不受這些片語引導的插入語的影響,主語如是單數,其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。例如:
The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.
教材加上參考書對大學學生是非常有益的。
The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.
那個人和他妻兒老小坐在沙發上看電視。
3、有些代詞只能指單數可數名詞,當它們在句子中作主語時,盡管在意義上是多數,謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如:
Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。
Everything around us is matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。
4、當and連結的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事,and後的名詞前沒有冠詞,謂語動詞應該用單數形式;在and後面的名詞前有冠詞,謂語就用復數形式。例如:
The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早飯供應黃油麵包。
The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黃油和麵包。
5、當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:
One of those students has passed the examination. 這些學生只有一個考試及格了。
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.
為語音課提前准備了一系列錄音磁帶。
6、由one and a half + 復數名詞或the majority of + 名詞作作主語時,謂語動詞視名詞的單復數形式而定。例如:
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的損壞品都容易修理。
7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數與不可數名詞作主語時,不可數名詞的謂語只用單數,可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單復數而定。例如:
There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里還有好多水。
There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多雞蛋。
8、由more than one (或more than one + 單數名詞),many a + 單數名詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:
More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一個學生通過了這次考試。
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 許多孩子在認字前就學會了游泳。
9、如果名詞片語中心詞是「分數或百分數 + of + 名詞」,謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決於of後的名詞或代詞的單、復數形式。例如:
Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已經收回了。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
到場的三分之二的人都反對這個計劃。
10、定語從句謂語動詞的單復數形式應與先行詞一致。例如:
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
被選出來代表該組的人他是其中之一。
「Keep cool」 is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.
「鎮靜」是事故發生時應當牢記的第一條原則。
⑦ 都說英文語法和中文一致,我想問還有哪些語言的語法和中文一致的
所有語言都是相通的。
語法應該都是一樣的,只是在小細節上有所不同罷了。回
比如,每種語言都是主謂賓定狀補答這幾個句子成分,這大方向上一致。中英文都是主謂賓的順序,但是日語就習慣把動詞放在句子末尾,這就是小細節上的不同。
再有,很多語言都有動詞詞尾的變化,用以表示時態。而漢語則沒有。
⑧ 英語語法里主謂一致的問題什麼叫邏輯一致
主謂一致包括三種
語法一致、意義一致和就近一致
沒有邏輯一致的說法!
⑨ 就近一致在英語語法中哪些地方用到過
在現代英語中主謂一致基本遵循如下原則:語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則。
1. 語法一致原則
語法一致原則就是根據主語的語法形式決定其謂語動詞的語法形式.主語是單數,謂語動詞就用單數形式;主語是復數,謂語動詞就用復數形式。例如:
A letter has been sent to every student.給每個學生寄了一封信.
Two letters have been sent to every student.給每個學生寄了兩封信.
2. 意義一致原則
意義一致原則指主謂語之間的一致關系不是由主語的語法形式來決定,而是由主語所表達的意義來決定.形式是單數的主語,其謂語有可能是復數形式;反之,形式是復數的主語,其謂語有可能是單數形式.例如:
The government have broken all their promises. 政府違背了全部諾言.(指政府中的各部門或成員)
The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. 美國是一個科學技術發達的國家.(美國是由許多的州構成的單一國家)
3. 就近原則
就近原則,指謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語.由neither...nor或either...or連接或者當一個句子是由 there 或here引起,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致.例如:
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屜里有一支鋼筆,幾個信封和一些紙.
Neither she nor I am wet.她和我都沒有被淋濕.
上述三條原則的具體應用比較復雜,下列幾點應予以注意:
1. 謂語動詞用單數的情況
(1) 不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
To become actresses is their ambition. 作演員是她們的雄心.
Nodding often means you say "yes".點頭常常意味著你表示同意.
What I did was to give her a book.我所做的就是給她一本書.
(2) 事件、國名、機構名稱、作品名稱用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
The United Nations was formed in 1945. 聯合國成立於1945年.
The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel. 《三十九級台階》是一本很有意思的小說.
(3)one, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, any, either, neither, one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody 用作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework. 很多學生都不喜歡被迫做作業.
Neither of the two girls is at home.兩個女孩都不在家.
但現在英美也有人在neither of用作主語或修飾主語的句子中用復數形式的謂語動詞.例如:
Neither of the two girls are at home.
(4)表示時間、距離、金錢、體積、數字等的詞語用作主語表示總量時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
Fifteen years represents a long period of his life. 15年代表他一生中一個很長的時期.
(5)單數詞作主語,雖然後接由including, as well as , together with, in addition to, accompanied by等詞連接的其它詞,謂語動詞仍用單數.例如:
Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. 最近金銀的價格上漲了.
(6) a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等詞語修飾主語時,謂語動詞一般根據語法一致原則用單數.例如:
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 已准備好一系列預先錄制的磁帶供語言實驗室使用.
2. 謂語動詞用復數的情況
(1)both, some, few, many, several等詞語用作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用復數.例如:
Few of my classmates really understand me.我的同學中沒有幾位真正理解我.
(2)形容詞前加定冠詞泛指時,謂語動詞用復數.例如:
In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished. 在很多西方電影中,好人有好報,惡人有惡報.
3. 其他情況
(1)由and連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數.例如:
The secretary and the headmaster of the school were present at the meeting.學校的書記和校長都出席了會議.
但當and連接的詞語作整體考慮,或在意義上指同一個人或物時,謂語動詞一般用單數.例如:
The secretary and headmaster of the school was present at the meeting. 學校的書記兼校長出席了會議.
當由and連接的兩個單數名詞前面有each ,every 等詞修飾時,謂語動詞一般用單數.例如:
Each actor and actress was invited. 每一位男演員和女演員都受到了邀請.
一個單數名詞前有由and連接的兩個形容詞修飾時,謂語動詞一般用復數.例如:
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.中國和日本絲綢質量都好.
(2)當or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also連接一個單數主語和一個復數主語時,謂語動詞的數取決於它鄰近的主語的數.例如:
Neither the prices nor the quality has changed. 價格與質量都沒變.
Neither the quality nor the prices have changed. 質量與價格都沒變.
(3)集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數常取決於主語的意義.當主語表示整體時,謂語動詞用單數;當主語強調集體中的個體時,謂語動詞用復數.
The family is the basic unit of the society. 家庭是社會的基本單位.
The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy. 一家人都同意去義大利度假.
這類集體名詞有:people, army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, party, police, public, staff, team等,其中 people, cattle, police常用復數.
(4)一些表示數量的詞語,如a lot of , any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of , all of與名詞連接時,謂語動詞
的數取決於名詞的數.名詞用單數,謂語動詞也用單數,名詞用復數,謂語動詞也用復數.例如:
A lot of my friends are here to celebrate my birthday. 我的很多朋友來這里慶賀我的生日.
Most of the book is interesting.這本書大部分很有意思.
注意當a number of修飾主語時,謂語動詞用復數,而當the number of與名詞連用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
A number of students were late for school owing to the storm. 一些學生因暴風雨而遲到.
The number of errors was surprising. 錯誤的數量讓人吃驚.