『壹』 新目標英語語法
Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不
2 end up 結束
3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出錯
4 later on 隨後
5 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
be afraid of sth/sb 害怕……
6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
7 take notes=write down the notes 做筆記
8 make up 組成
9 deal with=do with 處理
10 be angry with 對……感到生氣
11 go by （時間）過去、消逝 Time goes by. 時間流逝
12 try one』s best to do sth 盡力做謀事
13 break off 突然終止
14 make/use flashcards 製作使用抽認卡
15 make a vocabulary list 製作詞彙表
16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大聲說
play the CD too loud 把CD放開大聲sweep the floor clean 把地板掃干凈
17 practice the pronunciation 練習發音
18 get the pronunciation right =pronounce right發音準確
19 specific advice/suggestions 詳細而精確的建議
20 memorize/recite the words/text 背書
21 read the textbook 讀課本
22 English grammars 英語語法
23 feel differently 覺的不同
24 frustrate sb = make sb frustrated 使某人沮喪
find sth frustrating 發現某事沮喪
25 speak quickly/fast 說得很快
26 get/be excited 激動
look excited 看起來很激動
look at sb sadly 傷心地朝某人看
an exciting match/game 一場刺激的比賽 27 spoken/oral English 英語口語
28 full comma 句號
29 regard sth as a challenge 把某事視為挑戰
30 impress sb 感動某人 be impressed 被深深感動
be impressed deeply by sb 被某人深深感動
31 have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困難
32 look up the words in a dictionary用字典查閱單詞
33 feel/touch soft 感覺/觸摸柔軟
34 study for a text 為一次數學小測學習
36 work with sb 與某人一起工作
35 listen to tapes 聽磁帶
listen to the teacher carefully 認真聽課
36 ask sb for help 尋求幫助
He is asking for help. 他正在求救
ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事tell sb about sth 告訴某人某事
37 improve my listening/speaking skills
提高聽力/口語技巧
38 enlarge the vocabulary 擴大詞彙量39 watch English news 看英語新聞
40 understand the voices 聽懂(說的內容)
41 learn a lot/much 學了很多
42 join an English club 參加英語俱樂部
43 keep a diary in English 用英語寫日記
44 review notes 復習筆記
45 write original sentences 寫新穎的句子
46 practice conversations with sb 與某人練習對話
47 do well/OK 做得好
48 get mad at sb 生某人的氣
49 the best way to learn English 學英語的最好方法
50 be fair/unfair 公平、不公平
51 on ty 值日
It』s one』s ty to do sth 某人的職責做某事
It』s our ty to distribute to the society
52 be lost/missing 丟失
53 young alts 青少年
54 see a psychologist 看一個心理醫生
55 get a lot of practices 得到許多練習
56 end up doing sth 最後做某事
57 become unhappy 變得不高興
58 behave with sb 與某人相處的方式
59 stay angry 持續生氣
60 change problems/troubles/difficulty into challenge
把困難變成挑戰
61 solve the problem 解決問題
62 realize sth =sth come true 實現某事
63 make a complete sentence 造一個完整的句子
64 complete/finish doing sth 結束做某事
65 the secret of sth …的秘密 The secret of becoming a good language learner is practicing . 成為一個優秀語言學家的秘密是練習
66 an important part of sth. 最重要的一部分
67 developping country 發展中國家
developped country 發達國家
68 with the help of sb 在某人幫助下
help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事
69 compare A to B 把A與B進行對比70 physical problems 生理缺陷
71 find a pen pal 找一個筆友
72 in a positive way 用積極的方法
75 last for a long time 持續很長時間
73 first of all 首先
74 to begin with 以…開始
75 make sb laugh 使某人笑
76 help a lot/a little 幫助很多、一點
77 have disagreement 意見不合
78 decide not to do 決定不做某事
79 talk to each other 互相談話
80 too much + n. 太多…
much too + adj.
81 be strict with sb 對某人嚴厲
82 regard sth as a challenge 把……視為挑戰
Unit2 I used to be afraid of dark .
1 used to 過去常常
He used to be thin .
I used to like riding . I didn』t use to like tests.
2 be interested in =take an interest in 對…感興趣
3 be afraid of=be terrified of 害怕
4 go to sleep with the light on 開著燈睡覺
5 eat candy [U] 吃糖
6 chew gum [U] 嚼口香糖
7 chat with sb=have a chat with sb 與…聊天
8 Fuzhou Daily Newspaper 福州日報
9 daily life 每天的生活
10 die(u)-dead(adj)-death(n) 死
He died in 1990. He has been dead for 3 years.
He is dying. 他將死./臨終
11 afford sth/to do sth 負擔得起
He couldn』t afford to pay for his child』s ecation.
12 cause a lot of trouble (for sb.) 引起很多麻煩
13 get into trouble with the police 陷入警察手裡
14 be patient with sb 對…有耐心
15 finally=in the end=at last 最後
16 make a decision on sth/doing sth 決定做某事
=make up one』s mind to do sth=decide to do sth
17 head teacher 班主任
head master 校長
head group leader 組長
monitor 班長
18 It』s necessary to do sth 必須做某事
19 to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚
be surprised at sth 吃驚於…
To my surprise, a phone call changed his life.
20 even though=even if (+讓步狀語從句) 即使
Even though he is eighty, he looks young and healthy.
21 no longer=not...any longer 不再(延續性)
no more=not…any more 不再(短暫性)
22 take pride in=feel/be proud of 為…而自豪
I take pride in being a Chinese.
I am/feel proud of being a Chinese.
23 pay attention to sth/the grammar 注意語法
24 give up 放棄
Don』t give up. 不要放棄
25 a couple of days 兩天
26 look different 看起來不同
look the same 看起來一樣
27 waste water 浪費水
waste one』s time 浪費時間
28 wear glasses/contact lenses 戴眼鏡/隱型眼鏡
29 have a good memory 記性很好
30 have long/straight/curly hair 留著…發型
31 on the swim team 在游泳隊
32 People sure change. 人是會變的
33 for a long time 很長一段時間
34 make sb stressed out 使某人筋疲力盡
35 have/like/hate gym class 有/喜歡/討厭體育課
36 paint/draw pictures 畫畫
37 be/live alone 獨處/單獨居住
feel lonely 覺得孤獨
38 walk to school=get to school on foot 走路去學校
take a bus=go by bus=go on a bus 乘車
ride a bike=go by bike=riding 騎車
39 worry about sth/sb=be worried about sth/sb. 擔心
40 study all the time=study all along 一直學習
41 a six-year-old brother 一個6歲的弟弟
42 spend time (in) doing sth 花時間做某事
43 take sb to a concert 帶某人去音樂會
44 hardly ever 幾乎不
45 change a lot 改變了許多
46 in the last few years 近幾年
47 can』t stop doing 忍不住做某事
48 problem child 問題小孩
49 give sb sth 給某人某物
50 look after=take care of=care for 照顧
51 as…as 與…一樣
as well as… 與…一樣好，也
as well as she could 盡她全力
52 send sb to+地點 送某人去某地
53 It』s+ adj +to do sth
54 make sb do sth 使某人做某事
55 lose weight 減肥
56 make a diet 節食
57 make terrible noise 吵鬧
58 a top student 尖子生
59 take a deep breath 深呼吸
60 shout at the top of one』s voice 高聲喊
61 be used to doing 習慣於做某事
The boy is used to telling a lie. 那男孩習慣撒謊
62 be used to do 被使用於
Money is used in many ways.
Wood is used to make paper.
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to
choose their own clothes .
1 choose one』s own sth. 選擇某人自己東西
have one』s own sth.. 有某人自己的某物
2 should do sth. 應該做
shouldn』t do sth. 不應該做
3 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事
should be allowed to do sth. 應該被允許做sth.
4 get one』s driver』s license 獲得某人駕駛執照
5 have/get/find/look for a part-time job
找/有/得到一個兼職
6 a fifteen-year-old student 一個15歲的學生
fifteen-year-olds 15歲的學生/孩子(復數)
the+adj./old/young 一類人（復數）
7 get one』s ears pierced=pierce one』s ears 釘耳洞
have/get sth.done 使….被做
have/get one』s hair cut = cut one』s hair 剪某人頭發
have/get the shoes repaired = repair the shoe 補鞋
8 go to the mall with sb. 和某人去購物/商業街
9 be sure (of/ about sth.) 確信某事
be sure that+從句 確信
make sure 確認
10 too wild= not serious enough太魯莽,不夠冷靜
too young = not old enough 太年青,不夠老
too silly/foolish =not smart/clever enough
太愚蠢,不夠聰明
11 too...to = not + adj.+ enough to = so...that... 太..而不能enough money/ + n. 足夠的sth.
12 work at night 在晚上工作
work every night 每天晚上工作
13 stop wearing that silly earring
停止戴那個愚蠢的耳環
14 seem to do. 似乎
15 look cool/clean/smart 看起來酷/干凈/聰明
16 spend time with friends/sb. 花時間與某人在一起
17 So do we . = We do, too. 我們也是
18 would like to do 想要做
19 wear one』s own clothes 穿某人自己衣服
20 concentrate on 全神貫注
concentrate energies on studying 把力量貫注於學習
21 feel comfortable 感覺舒適
22 be good for 對…有益
23 design one』s own uniforms/sth.
設計某人自己校服/某物
24 a good way to do sth. 一個做…的好方法
25 keep + n. + adj. 保持…怎麼樣
26 study in group 在團隊學習
27 learn a lot from sb./each other 從…學習許多
28 have an opportunity to do 有個機會做…
have a chance to do 有個機會做…
29 go back to school 回校
30 a good experience for sb.對某人是一個好經歷
31 have hobbies 有愛好/有興趣
32 as much as sb. want 盡某人想要
as much as one would like to 盡某人想要做...
33 a running star 一個田徑隊員
34 on/in one』s school running team 在田徑隊
35 a professional athlete 一個職業運動員
36 achieve one』s dream = realize 實現某人理想
37 in every one of one』s races 某人每場比賽
38 make decisions for sb./oneself 為某人做決定
39 be serious about sth 對…過度認真
40 on school nights 上學晚上
41 seem strict 似乎嚴格
42 spend time on sth. 花時間在某物上
spend time in doing 花時間做某事
43 a chance of achieving one』s dream
實現夢想的一個機會
44 get in the way of sth./doing sth. 妨礙某事
45 get to class late = be late for class 上課遲到
46 study with sb. 和某人學習
47 at least 至少
48frnish a test early 很早完成考試
take the test 參加考試
pass the test 考試過關
fail a test 考試不及格
49 eight hours』 sleep a night 一晚8小時睡眠
50 have a special day 有特別的一天
51 sing songs 唱歌
52 perform a play 表演
53 visit primary school 參觀小學
54 help teach young student 幫助教小學生
55 be a great experience for sb.
對某人來說是一個很棒的經歷
56 do other jobs 做其他工作
57 write for a newspaper office 寫給報社(投稿)
58 volunteer in a newspaper office在報社做自願
59 both A and B 兩個…都
60 be sleepy 睏倦的
61a long week of classes 上一周的長課
62 have Friday afternoons off 星期五下午休息
63 reply to sb. =answer the letter 給某人回信
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
『貳』 新目標初一英語語法總結
Unit 1
句子：
1.初次見面用語 課P2. 2C
What』s your name? My name is …/ I』m…
Nice to meet you !
2.問電話號碼：
What』s your phone number?
What』s his/her phone number?
It』s 3272310.
詞彙：
1. family name, first name, last name
語法：
1. 形容詞性物主代詞的用法
2. 人稱代詞主格的用法
3. 基數詞：1至10的讀法和寫法
Unit 2
句子
1.Is this / that your pencil?
Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
2. What』s this in English?
It』s a pen/ ruler/ book….
How do you spell pen/ ruler/book?
P-E-N.
核心知識
1. 認識26個字母，輔音字母，母音字母
2. 認識一般疑問句的句式
寫作：課P11.3a
Found and Lost
Unit 3
句子：
1.介紹別人或某物
This is … That is …
These are … Those are …
詞彙：課P13 1a
寫作：
1.學習英語信的格式
2.課P17 以信的形式介紹相片中人物
Unit 4
句子 詢問地方
Where is / are … ？It』s …/ They are …
核心知識
1. 詞彙 課P24 1
2. take 與bring 的區別
3. there be 的用法
4. on the wall
5. 介詞：on , in , under , behind ,
next to , between…and…
6. 認識特殊疑問句的句式
熟讀：P23.3a , P24. 3 , Grammar Focus
Unit 5
句子
1. Do you have …？ Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
2. Does he / she have …?
Yes, he / she does. No, he / she doesn』t.
3. Let』s …
4. That sounds good / interesting.
That』s a good idea.
5. Welcome to …
核心知識
一、there be 與have 的區別
二、一般現在時
用 法 1.現階段經常性習慣性動作
2.目前的狀態
3.客觀真理
常用時間狀語 sometimes, often, every day, usually, always 等
構 成 1.動詞用原形 I like it.
2.當主語是第三
人稱單數時，動
詞要加-s(-es) She likes it.
He likes it.
Ann goes to work.
3.be 動詞用
am，is, are I am a teacher.
He is a boy.
They are girls.
否
定
形
式 1.don』t+動詞原形 I don』t like it.
They don』t like it.
2.當主語是第三人稱單數時，則為:
doesn』t+動詞原形 He doesn』t like it.
Ann doesn』t go to work.
一般
疑問
句 把do 或does 放在主語的前面，後面動詞用原形 Do you like it?
Does Ann like it?
Does he like it ?
附：動詞第三人稱單數的構成規則
情 況 方法 例詞
一般情況 加－s reads, says
以ch, sh, x,s或o 結尾的詞 加－es teaches,
guesses
finishes
以「輔音字母＋y」結尾的詞 把y改為i再加－es fly--flies
try--tries
carry--carries
熟讀
課本：P25 1a , P26 G.F. , P27 3b,
P28 1a , P30 1與3
Unit 6
句子 詢問所喜歡的東西
1. Do you like….？ Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
2. Does he like …? Yes, he does. No, he does.
核心知識
1.一般現在時
2. 可數名詞與不可數名詞
3. lots of 4. go on picnic
5. health, healthy, healthily
6. P36 1
熟讀
課本： P31 1a , P32 G. F. , P35 3a, P36 1
Unit 7
句子
問價格
1. How much is this T-shirt? It』s 10 dollars.
2. How much are they? They are 100 dollars.
問顏色
1. What color do you want ? What color is it?
購物用語：P39 3a
1. Can I help you? What can I do for you?
2. Yes, please. 3. I』ll take it .
4. Thank you. 5. You』re welcome.
6. Have a look.
核心知識
兩位數的基數詞讀法與寫法 P40
熟讀
課本 P37 1c， P38 G. F.， P 39 3a ，
P40 1b， P41 3a ， P42 1與3
Unit 8
句子
1. When is your birthday?
2. My birthday is January fifteenth.
3. What year were you born?
4. I was born in 1999.
5. When were you born?
6. I was born in January first,1999.
核心知識
1. 基數詞和序數詞
基變序口決
基變序有規律， 詞尾加上-th ；
一二三特殊記， 單詞結尾t d d ；
八減t , 九減e , f 要把ve替 ；
ty 把y 改為i , 記住前還有e ；
若遇到幾十幾， 只把個位變序。
2. 名詞所有格
3. 年、月、日表達法
(1) 年的讀法：用基數詞，兩位一讀
(2) 月份名稱的首字母要大寫
(3) 日期：用序數詞表示，前面可加the ,也可省略，但讀要讀出the
(4) 年、月、日在英語中的順序是
月、日、年
4. 時間介詞 in, on , at
5. how old
6. be born
7. basketball game
熟讀
課本 P47 1a , P48 2a 2d , P52 1
寫作
自我介紹(姓名、年齡、生日、愛好、出生地等)
Unit 9
句子
1. Do you want to …? Yes, I do . No, I don』t.
2. Does he want to …?
Yes, he does. No, he doesn』t.
3. What kind of movies do you like?
I like action movie.
核心知識
1. 並列連詞 and , but
2. on weekends 3. want to do sth.
4. look at 5. a lot
6. in a word 7. act, actor
8. in fact 9. 一般現在時
10. 名詞復數形式
寫作
談論自己愛好的電影類型 課本P56－57
熟讀 課本 P54 G.F. , P55 3a
Unit 10
句子
1. Can you play the guitar?
Yes, I can. No, I can』t
2. Can he/ she sing?
Yes, he/she can. No, he / she can』t.
3. What can you do ?
4. What club do you want to join?
核心知識
1. 情態動詞 can 表能力
2. play the guitar / drums / piano
3. play chess 4. help sb. with sth.
5. be good with 6. music-----musician
7. talk to
熟讀 課本 P60 G.F. , P63 3a對話 P64 3
Unit 11
句子 問時間
1. What time do you go to school?
I go to school at 7a.m.
2. What time does he / she go to school?
He / She goes to school at 8a.m.
感嘆句 what 引導
核心知識
1.一般現在時 2. 時刻讀法
3. on TV 4. go to bed
5. go to school 6. go to work
7. get up 8. get home
9. thanks for 10. take a shower
11. eat breakfast / lunch / dinner
12. do homework 13. listen to
14. and then 15. like to do
16. a little 17. put on
18. take 搭車 19. all night
20. in the morning / afternoon / evening
寫作
記一天所做的事情 課本P67 3a , P69 3a
熟讀 課本 P38 1a 2a 2b
Unit 12
句子
1. What』s your favorite subject?
My favorite subject is English.
2. Why do you like …? Because it is interesting.
核心知識
1. 名詞所有格 2. 星期
3. have math / Chinese 4. then , next
寫作 課本P75 3a, P76 3
介紹自己一天所上的科目以及自己最喜愛的科目，為什麼？
熟讀 課本 P72 G.F. , P 75 3a , P 76 3
『叄』 小學新標准英語1-6冊英語語法
樓上的不曉得了哈
如果初中才開始學我保證如果你的小孩不是天才就是吊車尾
一般疑問句的IS ARE DO DOES
第三人稱單數
特殊疑問詞：WHAT WHO WHERE HOW 等開頭的
動詞的三種時態
HOW WHAT引導的感嘆句
這些就是小學畢業前必須學會的語法
1、陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞) b) He looks very young. (連系動詞) c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞) d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞) e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice. c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can』t find her doll. e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)2、 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let』s learn English! c) Come in、 please.否定祈使句a) Don』t be late.
b) Don』t hurry.
3、 疑問句1) 一般疑問句
a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?2) 選擇疑問句
Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.3) 特殊疑問句 ～問年齡 How old is/are sb
How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ～問種類 What kind of sth
What kind of movies do you like?
I like action movies and comedies. ～問身體狀況 How is sb…
How is your uncle? He is well/fine. ～問方式 How do/can you…How does/can he…
How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? ～問原因 Why do you…Why does she…
Why do you want to join the club? ～問時間 具體時間 What time
什麼時候 When
What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up、 Rick? At five o』clock. When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00、 ～問地方 Where…
Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table. ～問顏色 What color …
What color are they? They are light blue. What』s your favourite color? It』s black. ～問人物 Who…
Who』s that? It』s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ～問東西 What…
What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? ～問姓名 What is/are sb name？
What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./ She』s Helen. What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben. What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith. ～問哪一個 Which …
Which do you like? I like one in the box. ～問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f. ～問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars. ～問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349、 ～問謂語(動作進行時) What is /are sb doing
What is he doing？He』s watching TV. ～問職業(身份) What do/does sb do？
What do you do? I』m a teacher. What』s your father? He』s a doctor.
what與how引導的感嘆句分述如下：
一、以what引導的感嘆句，一般有三種形式，此時what為形容詞，作定語，用來修飾它後面的名詞或片語。
1、what+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語！例如：
What a good girl she is!
她是個多麼好的一個女孩啊！
2、what+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語！例如：
What bad weather is it?
多麼糟糕的天氣啊！
3、what+形容詞+可數名詞復數+主語+謂語。例如：
What good students they are!
他們是多麼好的學生啊！
二、how引導的感嘆句也有三種結構形式。此時how是副詞，用來修飾其後的形容詞或副詞，也可以修飾動詞。
1、How+形容詞+主語+謂語！例如：
How hot it is today! 今天多麼熱呀！
2、How+副詞+主語+謂語！ 例如：
How fast he runs! 他跑得多麼快呀！
3、How+主語+謂語！ 例如：
How time flies! 光陰似箭！
一、 問候語 1、 Hello! / Hi! 你好！ 2、 Good morning / afternoon / evening! 早晨（下午/晚上）好！ 3、 I'm Kathy King. 我是凱西·金。 4、 Are you Peter Smith? 你是彼得·史密斯嗎？ 5、 Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 是，我是。/ 不，我不是。 6、 How are you? 你好嗎？ 7、 Fine, thanks. And you? 很好，謝謝，你呢？ 8、 I'm fine, too. 我也很好。 9、 How is Amy / your wife / your husband? 愛米好嗎？/你妻子好嗎？/你丈夫好嗎？ 10、 She is very well, thank you. 她很好，謝謝。 11、 Good night, Jane. 晚安，簡。 12、 Good-bye, Mike. 再見，邁克。 13、 See you tomorrow. 明天見。 14、 See you later. 待會兒見。 15、 I have to go now. 我必須走了.二、課堂用語 16、 May I come in? 我能進來嗎？ 17、 Come in, please. 請進。 18、 Sit down, please. 請坐。 19、 It's time for class. 上課時間到了。 20、 Open your books and turn to page 20、 打開書，翻到第20頁。 21、 I'll call the roll before class. 課前我要點名。 22、 Here! 到！ 23、 Has everybody got a sheet? 每個人都拿到材料了嗎？ 24、 Any different opinion? 有不同意見嗎？ 25、 Are you with me? 你們跟上我講的了嗎？ 26、 Have I made myself clear? 我講明白了嗎？ 27、 Could you say it again? 你能再說一遍嗎？ 28、 Any questions? 有什麼問題嗎？ 29、 That's all for today. 今天就講到這里。 30、 Please turn in your paper before leaving. 請在離開前將論文交上。三、辨別物品 31、 What's this? 這是什麼？ 32、 It's a pen. 是支筆。 33、 Is this your handbag? 這是你的手提包嗎？ 34、 No, it isn't. / Yes, it is. 不，它不是。/是的，它是。 35、 Whose pen is this? 這是誰的筆？ 36、 It's Kate's. 是凱特的。 37、 Is that a car? 那是一輛小汽車嗎？ 38、 No, it isn't. It's a bus. 不，那是一輛公共汽車。 39、 What do you call this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說？ 40、 What is the color of your new book? 你的新書是什麼顏色的？ 41、 How big is your house? 你的房子有多大？ 42、 How long is the street? 這條街有多長？ 43、 What's the name of the cat? 這貓叫什麼名字？ 44、 Where's the company? 那個公司在哪兒？ 45、 Which is the right size? 哪個尺碼是對的四、關於所有物 46、 What's this? 這是什麼？ 47、 It's an air-conditioner. 這是空調。 48、 Is this yours? 這是你的嗎？ 49、 Yes, it's mine. 是的，是我的。 50、 Where are my glasses? 我的眼鏡在哪兒？ 51、 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼鏡擱哪兒了嗎？ 52、 Over there. 在那邊。 53、 On the desk. 在桌上。 54、 Is this your pen? I found it under the desk. 這是你的筆嗎？我在桌下撿的。 55、 No. Mine is blue. 不是。我的是藍的。 56、 Which is your bag? 哪個是你的包？ 57、 The bigger one. 大些的那個。 58、 The one on your right. 你右邊的那個。 59、 Are these books all yours? 這些書全是你的嗎？ 60、 Some of them are mine. 一部分是我的。五、 辨別身份 61、 Who are you? 你是誰？ 62、 I'm Jim. 我是吉姆。 63、 Who is the guy over there? 那邊那個人是誰？ 64、 He's Bob. 他是鮑勃。 65、 Is that girl a student? 那個女孩是學生嗎？ 66、 No, she isn't. 不，她不是。 67、 What do you do? 你是做什麼的？ 68、 I'm a farmer. 我是個農民。 69、 What does he do? 他是干什麼的？ 70、 He's a manager. 他是個經理。 71、 She must be a model, isn't? 她一定是個模特，不是嗎？ 72、 I really don't known. 我真不知道。 73、 I have no idea about it. 我一點都不知道。 74、 Can she be a driver? 她可能是個司機嗎？ 75、 Yes, I think so. 是的，我認為是。六、Year, Month And Day 年、月、日 91、 What day is it today? 今天星期幾？ 92、 It's Monday today. 今天是星期一。 93、 What's the date today? 今天是幾號？ 94、 It's January the 15th, 1999、 今天是1999年1月15日。 95、 What month is this? 現在是幾月？ 96、 It's December. 現在是十二月。 97、 What year is this? 今年是哪一年？ 98、 It's the year of 1999、 今年是1999年。 99、 What will you do ring this weekend? 這周末你干什麼？ 100、 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 這家店平日是早上9點開門嗎？ 101、 It opens at 8 am on weekdays, but at 9 at weekends.平日上午8點開，但周末9點開。 102、 What will you do the day after on next? 後天你干什麼？ 103、 What did you do the week before last? 上上星期你幹了什麼？ 104、 I'll work for the next 5 days. 我要工作5天（從明天算起） 105、 It's been 5 years since I last saw you. 我已5年沒見你了。八、談論事物 106、 Do you have a computer? 你有計算機嗎？ 107、 Yes, I do. 是的，我有。 108、 He has that book, doesn't he? 他有那本書，是嗎？ 109、 No, he doesn't. 不，他沒有。 110、 Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟或姐妹嗎？ 111、 No, I'm a single son. 沒有，我是獨生子。 112、 Does your computer have a modem? 你的電腦有數據機嗎？ 113、 Do you have shampoo here? 這兒有香波賣嗎？ 114、 What a beautiful garden you have! 你的花園真漂亮。 115、 Any tickets left? 有剩票嗎？ 116、 Do you have glue? I need some here. 你有膠水嗎？我這里需要一點。 117、 I have some left. 我剩下一些。 118、 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的，請給我。 119、 Do you have my pencil? 你拿了我的鉛筆嗎？ 120、 Yes, I have your eraser, too. 是的，我還拿了你的橡皮。九、敘述時間 121、 What time is it now? 現在幾點？ 122、 It's two o'clock. 現在兩點。 123、 It's a quarter past five. 現在是五點一刻。 124、 It's ten minutes to four. 現在差十分四點。 125、 It's half past nine. 現在是九點半。 126、 It's one o'clock sharp. 現在一點整。 127、 It's not four o'clock. 還沒到四點呢。 128、 My watch says two o'clock. 我的表是兩點鍾。 129、 My watch is two minutes fast. 我的錶快了兩分鍾。 130、 What's the time by your watch? 你的表幾點了？ 131、 We must arrive there on time. 我們必須准時到那兒。 132、 There are only two minutes left. 只剩兩分鍾了。 133、 Can you finish your work ahead of time? 你能提前完成工作嗎？ 134、 The flight is delayed. 飛機晚點起飛。 135、 The meeting is put off. 會議延期了。十、關於日期 136、 What day is today? 今天星期幾？ 137、 Today is Monday. 今天星期一。 138、 What's the date today? 今天幾號？ 139、 Today is May 21st. 今天是五月二十一號。 140、 When were you born? 你什麼時候出生的？ 141、 I was born on September 1st, 1976、 我出生在1976年9月1日。 142、 What time? 什麼時候？ 143、 You name the time. 你定時間吧。 144、 I'll meet you tomorrow. 我們明天見面。
『肆』 我想請英語高手幫我歸納下新目標英語的語法
英語的時態（tense）j是一種動詞形式，不同的時態用以表示不同的時間與方式。
下面就英語中常見的八種基本時態進行闡述，其它的時態都是在這八種時態的基礎上結合而成的。
一、 一般現在時：
1.概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數，動詞上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時：
1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時：
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時：
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時：
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +d one.
5.一般疑問句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 過去完成時：
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句：had放於句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時：
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：be放於句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時：
1.概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：
一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中，表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來，媽媽！」請看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
一、一般現在時：表示現在經常反復發生的動作、狀態、或習慣性的動作的狀態。 一般的形式由be動詞（am\is\are)或實義動詞引導。 如：I am a student.我是一個學生。(am在句中為be動詞) He swims in the pool.他在池裡游泳。(swims在句中為實義動詞)
二、現在進行時：表示現在正在進行的動作的時態。由be動詞(am\is\are)+現在分詞（動詞加ing形式）構成。 如：I am working.我正在工作。 She is studying.她正在學習。
三、一般過去時：表示過去經常或偶然發生的動作，或存在的狀態的時態。一般的形式和一般現在時差不多，由be動詞的過去時（was\were)或實義動詞的過去時引導。 如：I was a student.我以前是一個學生。（過去是學生） He swam(swim的過去時）in the pool. 他之前在池裡游泳。
四、一般將來時：表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態的時態。 由will\shall + 動詞原形或be動詞原形構成。 如：I will be a student.我將成為一名學生。 He will swim in the pool.他將要到池裡去游泳。
五、現在完成時：表示在過去發生但與現在情況有聯系的動作或狀態的時態。 由 have\has + 過去分詞 構成。 如：I have talked.(talked 為talk的過去分詞）我已經講過話了。
四、「be going to+動詞原形」與「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構的轉換
「be going to+動詞原形」、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
『伍』 八年級下冊英語語法重點（新目標）
II. 重要句型
1. We』d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one』s way to a place
4. stand on one』s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…抄until…
14. make room for sb.
IV. 重要語法
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運用；
2. 反身代詞的用法；
3. 並列句；
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級；
5. 冠詞的用法；
6. 動詞的過去進行時；
【考點掃描】
『陸』 初中英語語法大全 新目標
初中英語語法總結 一）在後面加。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯 五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復數相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員 九）合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為後一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的單復數意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞 十一） 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如：Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名詞的格 當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下： 一）單數在後面加』s。如：brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s 二）復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』，如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如：Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節 三）由and並列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最後一個』s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間） 2、代詞 項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人 稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞 A） 第三人稱單數 當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s，如下： 一）一般在詞後加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 現在分詞 當我們說某人正在做什麼事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下： 一）一般在後加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於 4、形容詞的級 我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下： 一） 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母＋1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾 的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三） 以輔音字母＋y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、數詞 (基變序，有規則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它後接th；y結尾，變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式 1.陳述句 肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞) b) He looks very young. (連系動詞) c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞) d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞) e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構) 否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice. c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll. e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry. 3. 疑問句 1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t. 2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small. 3) 特殊疑問句 ① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. ③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. ④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected]. ⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock. When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00. ⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table. ⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue. What』s your favourite color? It』s black. ⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen. What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben. What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith. 12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f. 14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars. 15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349. 16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV. 17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher. What』s your father? He』s a doctor. 三、時態 1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有： Be 動詞：She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker. 情態動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano. 行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch. 2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball
『柒』 新課程標准下怎樣進行英語語法教學
一般來說，傳統的語法教學是老師集中講解，學生進行操練這種模式。但是事實證明，這種教學效果不怎麼理想，因為學習者沒有參與語言特徵並加以理解運用。學生都是在機械地背誦和孤立地操練語法結構，這種教學模式是學習者產生枯燥乏味的感覺，所以學習者很難形成習慣去學習語法並在交際中進行運用。但是如果我們教師的概念更新、方法得當，那麼英語語法教學完全能跳出傳統應試的模式，同時能夠充分發揮和體現學生的主觀能動性。而值得注意的是，只有學習者能夠運用語言進行交際，才能認為他們真正掌握了語言知識。當代英語教學專家張正東先生指出：「語法教學的目的不是為了掌握語法學,而是為了取得學習目的語的工具。學語法→用語法→丟掉語法。鑒於以上情況，我在近幾年的教學實踐中，對小學語法教學進行探討試驗，總結出了一些切實可行的教學方法，具體做法如下：
一，培養學生學習語法的自信心。很多學生一聽語法課就不喜歡了，他們覺得學語法就是記語法規則，做大量的練習，所以不願意學習下去。為此，我努力使自己的課堂生動化，使復雜的語法知識簡單化，同時開展各種形式的小競賽，內容豐富的小活動，盡量多講一些關於英美國家的文化，生活故事等等。讓他們更了解英語，更喜歡學習英語。如我在上比較級的時候，我准備了兩個大蘋果。上課時，我先拿出稍微小的蘋果，說:「This
apple is big.」緊跟著拿出第二個更大的蘋果,說:「But this one is
bigger.」；另外通過尺子、橡皮擦以及利用班級學生與學生之間的比較等進行教比較級，通過比較學生很容易掌握，同時不會感到枯燥乏味。另外，我還喜歡給孩子們講故事，通過故事將語法教學滲透進去。英語故事教學體現了英語課程標準的精神，還可以激發和培養學生學習英語的興趣，使學生樹立自信心，養成良好的學習習慣和形成有效的學習策略，發展自主學習的能力和合作精神；
使學生掌握一定的英語基礎知識和聽說讀寫技能，形成一定的綜合語言運用能力；培養學生觀察、記憶、思維、想像能力和創新精神；幫助學生了解世界和文化的差異，拓展視野，培養愛國主義精神，形成健康的人生觀，為他們的終身學習和發展打下良好的基礎。
二，培養孩子們學習語法的興趣。教師要用正確的方法引導孩子們學習語法，使學生對語法知識產生興趣，這樣他們才有學習的激情和熱情。據調查統計，結果顯示僅有百分之十三的小學生認為學習英語語法很有樂趣，這一結果不容樂觀，這也充分表明了培養學生學習語法的興趣這一任務任重而道遠。因此，要提高小學英語語法教學的有效性，必須將培養孩子們的興趣作為首要任務。首先，這是符合新課改的基本要求。新課程強調教師教學要重視學生的情感態度，要求用學生喜歡的方式教學。其二，這是符合孩子們的情感態度、心理特徵的要求。小學生都喜歡聽故事，愛唱歌曲，喜歡游戲表演等等，教師在課堂上用這些孩子們喜歡的方式教學，很容易將難懂的語法變得輕松有趣；同時也很容易培養孩子們的興趣，讓他們在吟唱童謠、游戲表演的過程中掌握了語言的規律。比如在講解四年級上冊Unit2
What day is it today?
這課時，教師可以充分利用孩子們愛表現自己的特徵，將與學生生活息息相關的活動請孩子們自己來表現。具體做法是：教師可以在黑板上掛一個台歷，請學生來表演台歷的第一天星期日自己所做的事情，接下來可以依次翻開不同的一天，分別請學生來表演自己的生活場景中熟悉：What
day is it today? It is Sunday. I play badminton on Sunday. What day is
it today? It is Monday. I play table tennis on
Monday.再通過讓學生自由組合成一組，同語言搭檔進行會話，相互了解對方的日常生活。通過反復訓練，同學就在愉快、有趣的表演活動中不僅掌握了語法知識點，而且能有創造性得進行實踐交流。三．用游戲的方法讓學生掌握語法的運用，使他們樂於其中，感到新鮮多味，樂趣無窮，進一步激發學生對於外語的學習興趣。在教授第一人稱和第三人稱時，我採用了「傳話」這個學生都很熟悉的游戲，我先說一句英語，如「I
am going to the swimming pool.」然後第一列同學用第三人稱單數轉變老師的話，「 She is going to
the swimming
pool.」，依次傳下去，哪組最快哪組贏。再叫個別學生做小老師，以同樣的方式進行人稱和句子操練。這樣的方式學生容易接受，也能達到學習的目的。
四.
將語法放到一種特定的情境中去學習。1、在課堂中創設真實的生活情景，這樣使得學生更易理解和接受。2、用語法進行交際：情境設計要接近真實的交際，盡量做到幽默、有趣。
3、萬變不離其宗：一個語法現象要在不同的相似情境中多次呈現，避免學生理解的僵化。 4、以教材情境為基礎，不要任意擴展，以免增加難度。
5、以新帶舊，使情境豐富而不生疏，綜合而無難度。（這樣做還可以對舊知識起到復習鞏固的作用。）6、利用多媒體創設情境，藉助游戲激發情緒加強印象，巧用現場素材增加實感。7、語法教學要注意不同的文化因素。8、情境應有真實性，應該是可能發生的事。在教語法時,創設不真實的情境,顯得做作,別扭。我們在教形容詞的比較級時,我們可以用學生的學慣用具,如:尺子、鉛筆、鋼筆、橡皮、桌子等，也可以比衣服的大小、顏色、學生的高矮、胖瘦等,這樣直觀、有趣，又是發生在學生身邊的，常用的東西，不一定非要去用多媒體。」
『捌』 新目標七年級英語語法及重點有那些
七年級<新目標英語> (上)重點句型和片語
七年級(上) Uints 1-6
I.重點句型
Starter
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you? I』m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.
What』s this in English? It』s a map. It』s V.
Spell it please. K-E-Y.
What color is it/the key? It』s blue. The key is yellow.
Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.
Unit 1 My name is Gina.
What』s your name? My name is Jenny. I』m Jenny. Jenny.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.
What』s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.
What』s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.
What』s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.
What』s your last/family name? My last/family name is Green. It』s Green.
What』s your/his/her phone number? My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567
It』s 281-9176.
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t . It』s his backpack.
This/That is my eraser.
How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.
Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.
Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
Unit 3 This is my sister.
That/This is his sister.
These/Those are my two brothers.
Is she your friend? Yes, she is. No, she isn』t.
Is he your brother? Yes, he is. No, he isn』t.
Thanks for the photo of your family.
Here is my family photo.
Who』s your sister? This/She is my sister.
Unit 4 Where』s my backpack?
Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.
Where are your baseballs? They』re on the floor.
Is the baseball on the sofa? Yes ,it is. No, it isn』t.
I don』t know.
Are they on the bed? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Are these/those your books? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Please take these things to your sister.
Can you bring some things to school?
The keys are in the drawer.
Here』s my room.
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
Do you have a ping-pong ball? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Does he/she have a tennis racket? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn』t.
Let』s play ping-pong.
It』s boring.
That sounds good/interesting.
I don』t have a ping-pong ball.
He/She doesn』t have a volleyball.
She/He has a great sports collection.
We have many sports clubs.
He watches them on TV.
Do you have some more paper? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do. No, I don』t.
Does he/she like a salad? Yes ,he/she does. No ,he/she doesn』t.
She/He likes hamburgers for lunch.
She doesn』t like hamburgers.
Let』s have French fries.
For dinner, she has chicken and tomatoes.
Great!
七年級（上）Units 7-12《新目標英語》重點句子和短語
I.重點句型
Unit 7 How much are these pants?
How much is this T-shirt? It』s seven dollars.
How much are these socks? They』re two dollars.
Can I help you? =What can I do for you?
I want a sweater.=I』d like a sweater.
What color do you want? Here you are.
I』ll take it. You』re welcome.
That』s OK. That』s all right.
The blue sweater is 7 dollars. We have sweaters at a very good price.
We have great bogs for only 12 yuan. We have T-shirts in red for 18 dollars.
Anybody can afford our prices!
Come and see for yourself at Huaxing Clothes Store!
Unit 8 When is your birthday?
When is your birthday? It』s October 25th. My birthday is October tenth.
When is your mother』s birthday? Her birthday is June 8th.
How old are you? What』s your age? I』m thirteen.
When is the school trip? Do you having a fun birthday?
Happy birthday!
Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie?
Do you want to go to a movie? I want to see a comedy.
What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
She likes documentaries but she doesn』t like thrillers.
Do you like Beijing Opera? She thinks action movies are exciting.
She often goes to see Beijing Opera with her father.
Mike is English. Mike is an English boy.
Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?
What club do you want to join? I want to join the art club. I don』t know.
Can you swim? Yes,I can.
What can you do ? We can paint.
Can you play the guitar? Can you help kids with swimming?
Are you good with kids? We need help for our Beidaihe School Trip.
Come and join us. She can』t sing or dance.
She can play the piano but she can』t play the violin.
Musicians wanted for School Music Festival.
You can be in our school music festival.
Please call Zhang Heng at 622-6033. Come and show us!
Can I help you? May I know your name?
Why do you want to join the club?
Unit 11 What time do you go to school?
What time do you usually get up,Rick? I usually get up at 5 o』clock.
What time does Alicia take a shower? What a funny time to eat breakfast?
To get to work, he takes the umber 17 bus to a hotel.
The bus usually takes him to work at 19:15. Can you think what his job is?
What time is it?=what』s the time? It』s eight thirty.
When does Tom usually eat dinner? He usually eats dinner at around six-thirty.
Thanks for your letter. School starts at nine o』clock.
Please write and tell me about your morning.
Are you awake?
Unit 12 my favorite subject is science.
What』s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is science.
Why do you like P.E? Because it』s fun.
Who is your science teacher? My science teacher is Mr Wang.
When do you have math? I have math on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Why does he like science? After class I have volleyball for two hours.
I have Chinese history club. I don』t like any subject.
His 「subject」 is only running around with me.
Do you really not like school? It』s very exciting to have a Chinese friend.
II.片語
Units 1-6
answer the questions my two brothers
computer game an alarm clock
a ping-pong bat first name
last name family name
play tennis/ping-pong play volleyball/soccer/basketball
play sports play computer games
sports clubs watch TV
a great sports collection every day
a set of keys in the lost and found case
in English ice cream
lots of healthy food
telephone number phone number
French fries broccoli ice cream
ID card school ID card
pencil case pencil sharpener
family photo a photo of my family
thanks for very much
math book English book
take…to… bring…to…
in the backpack on the sofa
under the table video tape
tennis racket soccer ball
a baseball bat sports club
excuse me
Units 7-12
sell…to… buy…from… bags for sports
how much for yourself at a very good price
T-shirt in red come to clothes store
have a look (at) on sale
date of birth a boy of sixteen speech contest
English party school trip basketball / volleyball game
birthday party school day Art / music Festival
Chinese contest year(s) old how old
go to a movie see a comedy action movie
Beijing Opera learn about Chinese history
on weekends in the movie want to do sth.
play chess speak English say it in English
play the guitar /piano/ the drums music club
chess club swimming club basketball club
English club art club help wanted
be good with sb. help…with… musicians wanted
do Chinese Kung fu rock band school show
in the music room a little learn about
Thanks a lot. e-mail address
go to school what time get up
go home listen to eat breakfast/lunch/dinner
have/take a shower very long hours brush teeth
go to work watch TV get to work
take the number 17 bus (to) take sb. To… work all night
go to bed tell…about…. know about
in the morning/afternoon/evening do homework Best wishes!
science teacher favorite subject TV show
have math after class be strict with sb
after lunch play with like to do sth.
play sports after school
III.復數變化
this—these that-----those he/she/it-----they am/is-----are book---books
watch---watches family----families tomatoes ( key—keys, boy---boys )
foot---feet man---men woman---women
IV.介詞
in on under next to near beside between…and… behind
of from after at around to about before
with
V.疑問詞
where , who , what , what color , how , how old , why , how much
how many , when , which
VI.縮寫形式
that』s =that is he』s=he is she』s=she is it』s=it is let』s=let us
they』re=they are isn』t=is not aren』t =are not don』t=do not doesn』t = does not
can』t=can not you』re=you are I』m=I am where』s=where is how』s=how is
who』s=who is what』s =what is name』s=name is here』s=here is can』t
we』re
VII.人稱代詞與所有格
I ---me--my you---you---your he---him---his she----her---her
it---it---its Anna---Anna』s they---them---their we---us---our
you---you---your
VIII.月份
January February March April May June July August September
October November December
IX.數字 （見課本 P 96 ）
X.星期
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
『玖』 新概念英語第一冊說從字母音標語法這些基本的東西講起，怎麼直接就是課文從句子開始了
新概念英語應該是在學校學習到三年級以後，有了字母和音標的基礎之後才學習的。所以，書上第一冊沒有。如果你想要學學習字母和音標，應該找老師學。
『拾』 初三英語語法全部 新目標的 要求每個單元的分開 就80分啦，拿走
新目標九年級英語重點基礎語法歸納輔導
(一)現在完成時態
1,現在完成時的定義:現在完成時是表示在過去發生但與現在情況有聯系的動作或狀態的時態.
2,現在完成時的構成:現在完成時是由"助動詞have/has+動詞過去分詞"構成的.
①助動詞have/has可以與主語縮寫為've/'s.
e.g. I have → I've We have → We've He has → He's It has → It's
②規則變化的過去分詞與動詞過去式一樣.
③不規則變化的動詞過去分詞見表.Book 3 P255—257
3,現在完成時的基本句型.
①陳述句肯定形式.
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已經吃過午飯了. He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了.
②陳述句否定形式.(在助動詞have/has後+not,可縮寫為haven't/hasn't)
e.g. I haven't had lunch. 我還未吃午飯. He hasn't gone to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京.
③一般疑問句形式及其答語.(將助動詞have/has提前,答語一般用have, has回答)
e.g. Have you had lunch 你吃過午飯了沒 Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Has he gone to Beijing 他去過北京了沒有 Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
否定回答還可以用:No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等.
④特殊疑問句形式.(疑問詞+一般疑問句)
e.g. Where has he gone 他去了哪裡
4,現在完成時的三個基本用法.
(1) 現在完成時的第一個基本用法表示過去發生或已完成的某一個動作對現在造成的影響或結果.
e.g. Have you had lunch Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你吃過午飯沒 有,吃過了,我剛剛吃的.(影響及結果:我現在飽了,不需要了)
He has gone to Beijing.
他已經去北京了.(影響及結果:他人現在不在這里了)
該用法常already(已經), never(從不), ever(曾經), yet(仍然), just(剛剛), before(以前)等副詞(作狀語)連用.
① already, just, ever, never常用於助動詞之後,實義動詞之前.
already, just多用於肯定陳述句.
e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已幹完了活.
Would you like to go to see the film No, I've seen it already.不,我已經看過了.(already偶爾會出現於句末)
They have just won a game. 他們剛剛贏了一場比賽.
有時already可以用於疑問句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示驚訝,意外.
e.g. Have you finished reading the book already 你真的已經讀完這本書了 (表示驚訝)
ever多用於疑問句,問初次經歷.
e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner 你跟外國人講過話嗎 (問初次經歷)
never多用於否定陳述句(注:本身表示否定意義)
e.g. He has never done such a thing, has he 他從來沒有做過這樣的事,不是嗎 (否定)
② yet一般用於疑問句(已經)或否定句(還),常位於句末.
e.g. Have you got ready yet 你已經准備好了嗎
He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他還沒完成作業.
③ before一般位於句末.
e.g. I have never seen the film before. 以前我從未看過那部電影.
現在完成時的第一種用法常與以上的副詞連用,因此這些詞有時可以作為現在完成時的標志詞.
(1) 現在完成時的第二個基本用法表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態.該用法常和表示過去某一時刻延
續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用.
①與for +一段時間連用,表示多久.
e.g. He has learned English for two years. 他已經學習兩年英語了.
I have been here for three days. 我在這里已經3天了.
②與since +時間(起點)連用,表示自…以來.
e.g. His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991年以來都在這家工廠工作.
I've had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了.
③與since +一段時間+ ago連用,表示自…以前就….
e.g. Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半個小時前就已經在那裡等候了.
He has stayed here since three weeks ago. 他在這兒已呆了三個星期.
④與since +從句(從句用一般過去時)連用,表示自某事發生後就一直….
e.g. The Greens have lived in Beijng since they came to China. 格林一家自從來到中國後就一直住在北京.
I've known her since I came to work here. 自從我來這里工作就認識他了.
(3) 現在完成時的第三個基本用法表示到現在為止這一時期中多次動作的總和或所做過的工作的量的積累.
e.g. I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次.
We've learnt five English songs this year. 今年我們學了五首英語歌曲.
How many pages of the book have you read 這本書你讀了多少頁了
5,延續性與非延續性動詞在現在完成時態中的使用.
(1)有一些動詞是瞬間動詞,也叫非延續性動詞,這些動詞一發生就結束了,常見的有:come, go, arrive, reach, leave,
begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等.這些動詞雖然可以用於現在完成時(說明某個
動作的結果還存在),但由於它們不能延續,因此不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用.(也即現在完成時的第二個
基本用法中不能使用非延續性動詞).
e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已經回來了.
Jim has come back for a month. (誤) come back的動作不能延續一個月,因此錯誤.
(2)瞬間動詞不可以用於有段時間的現在完成時態中,因此,若要解決這一問題,就應把它改為相應的延續性動詞
或短語,主要有以下幾種:
①用相應的延續性動詞
如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be
put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold
②轉換成be+名詞
如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student
③轉換成be+形容詞或副詞
如: die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over
fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed
④轉換成be+介詞短語
如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(軍隊)
e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已經借了那本書.
I have kept the book for two days. 我已經借那本書兩天了.
Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已經加入那樂隊了.
Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已經加入那個樂隊一個月了.
His grandfather has died. 他祖父已經死了.
His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已經死了兩年了.
My father has arrived in China. 我父親已經到達中國了.
My father has been in China for a week. 我父親已經在中國一個星期了.
(3)在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可以與時間段連用.
e.g. I haven't borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書.
Jim hasn't come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年沒回來了.
6,現在完成時的幾種常見的句型轉換.
現在完成時可以轉化成一般過去時,還可以轉化成"It is/has been +時間段+since從句(用一般過去時)"等句型.
e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已經回來一個月了.
= Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一個月前就回來了.
= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回來已經有一個月了.
= A month has passed since Jim came back.
I have kept the book for two days.
= I borrowed the book two days ago.
= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book.
= Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.
7,現在完成時和一般過去時的區別:
現在完成時強調的是過去的動作對現在的影響,它和現在有密切的聯系.現在完成時經常會出現下列的標志詞.
如:already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +時間段, since +時間點或從句等.一般過去時強調的是動作發生的時間,地點,不涉及對現在的影響,所以凡含有表示過去的時間狀語的句子,都必須用一般過去時,不能用現在完成時.
(二)賓語從句
1,賓語從句的概說:賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語.
整個復合句結構如下:
I think (that) I have lost it. 我想我已經把它丟了.
主語 + 謂語 +(引導詞)+ 主語 + 謂語
主句 賓語從句
由此可見賓語從句就是作及物動詞,介詞或某些形容詞的賓語的句子.
2,由that引導的賓語從句.(即陳述句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語.
① 很多及物動詞後都可接由that引導的賓語從句,如:think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, remember, mean等.
② 一些表示人的感情的形容詞如sure, happy, glad, pleased, surprised, sorry, afraid等後面也可接由that引導的賓
語從句,表示產生這種感情的原因.
e.g. I'm sure (that) he will come tomorrow. 我肯定他明天會來.
I'm happy (that) I see you here. 我很高興看到你在這里.
注意:如果主句與從句的主語一致,可把從句改為不定式,如果不一致,則只可用that從句.如②句可改寫為
I'm happy to see you here. 而①句則不可改.
(2) 從句的引導詞,即that.
在連詞that引導的賓語從句中,that本身無意義,在句子中不但任任何成分,在口語或非正式文體中常常省略.
e.g. I hope (that) you'll have a good holiday. 希望你們假日愉快.
He says (that) the Chinese people are very friendly. 他說中國人民很友好.
(3) 從句的語序:賓語從句永遠用陳述語序.
e.g. Does he know (that) she is a scientist 他知道她是科學家嗎
Are you sure (that) you will win 你肯定你會贏嗎
(4) 從句的時態.
若主句為一般現在時態時,則賓語從句要根據具體情況選擇所需要的時態.
e.g. He says (that) he is ill now. 他說他現在病了.
He says (that) he has been ill for ten days. 他說他已經生病十天了.
He says (that) he was ill last week. 他說他上周生病了.
He says (that) he will return soon. 他說他很快就回來.
若主句為一般過去時,則賓語從句也要用某種過去時態.
e.g. He said (that) he was ill then. 他說他那時病了.
He said (that) he was doing his homework then. 他說他那時正在做作業.
若賓語從句說的是客觀真理,自然現象等,要用一般現在時.
e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉.
(5) 否定的轉移.
若主句的主語是第一人稱(I, we),且謂語動詞是think, guess, believe, suppose等時,如果要否定,只能否定主句,
而不能否定從句.
e.g. I don't think he will come tonight. 我認為他今晚不會來.
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(6) 含賓語從句的復合句的反意疑問句,一般情況下,根據主句主謂語來確定附加疑問句.
e.g. The teacher didn't say that he would come here, did he
但對於有否定轉移的主從復合句來說,其附加疑問句的主謂語須根據從句來確定.
e.g. I don't think he can swim, can he 我認為他不會游泳,對嗎
I believe he is a student, isn't he 我相信他是個學生,不是嗎
3,由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句.(即特殊疑問句作賓語從句)
(1) 主句的謂語:可由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out,
show, choose, remember, forget等.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰將給我們做演講嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為什麼遲到.
I am going to see how Kate is. 我准備去看凱特怎麼樣了.
(2) 從句的引導詞.
由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what和which引導,這些詞在賓語從句中可作主語,賓語,表語和定語,因而不能省略.
e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk 你知道誰會給我們做演講嗎 (who在賓語從句中作主語)
Can you tell me whom you are waiting for 你能告訴我你在等誰嗎 (whom在賓語從句中作賓語)
She asked whose jacket it was. 她問這是誰的夾克衫.(whose在賓語從句中作定語,修飾jacket)
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是誰的 (whose在賓語從句中作表語)
由連接副詞when, where, why和how引導,這些詞在賓語從句中作狀語,不能省略.
e.g. Do you know when he will be back 你知道他何時回來嗎
We asked him why he was late. 我們問他為何遲到.
I want to know where she lives. 我想知道她住在哪裡.
(3) 從句的語序:特殊疑問句坐賓語從句,仍用陳述句的語序.
e.g. What day is it today Do you know → Do you know what day it is today
When will the train leave I want to know. → I want to know when the train will leave.
Where does she live Can you tell me → Can you tell me where she lives
How did you do it Please tell me. → Please tell me how you did it.
(4) 從句的時態:與that引導的賓語從句的時態一樣.
(5) 注意:① 當what, which, whom, who等疑問代詞作賓語從句里句末介詞的賓語,又引導賓語從句時,句末的
介詞不可隨意省掉.
e.g. I don't know what they are looking for 我不知道他們正在找什麼.
Do you know which room she lives in 你知道她住在哪個房間嗎
②當賓語從句的主語與主句的主語(或賓語)一致,且從句謂語時態為將來時或表示將來意義,如should
時,從句可簡化為疑問詞(why 除外)+不定式.
e.g. I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 我不知道要去哪裡.
I'll show you how you should do it. = I'll show you how to do it. 我將教你該怎麼做它.
4,由if和whether引導的賓語從句
(1) if和whether用以引導賓語從句時意為"是否",該賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來的.其語序,時態變化和前兩
種賓語從句一致.
e.g. Did he like this coat She asked. → She asked if / whether he liked this coat.
Will Mary be free tomorrow I don't know. → I don't know if / whether Mary will be free tomorrow.
(2) 一般情況下,whether和if用於引導賓語從句時可以通用,但在下列情況下,whether和if的用法有區別:
whether後可以接不定式短語,而if不能.
e.g. I can't decide whether to go to Beijing. 我不能決定是否去北京.
當引導的從句作介詞賓語時,只能用whether,不能用if.
e.g. They're talking about whether they can finish the work on time. 他們正在談論他們是否能按時完成工作.
whether引導的從句可移至句首,if則不行.
e.g. Whether this is true or not, I can't say. 這是不是真的,我不敢說.
動詞discuss後面的賓語從句,只用whether引導,不用if.
e.g. We discussing whether we will have a sports meeting next week. 我們正在討論下周是否舉行運動會.
當從句中有 "or not" 時,or not可以緊接whether之後,也可以位於句末,此時,一般不用if.
e.g. Please tell me whether or not he'll come here. = Please tell me whether he'll come here or not.
請告訴我他是否會來這兒.
whether和if一般引導肯定形式的賓語從句,若賓語從句是否定形式,表示"是否"的連詞只能用if.
e.g. We want to know if they won't come truly. 我們想知道他們是不是真的不來.
whether和if除共同可以引導賓語從句,各自還可以用來引導其他類型的從句.
① if可以引導條件狀語從句,意為"如果",whether不能.
e.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天天氣晴朗,學生們要去野餐.
② whether可以引導讓步狀語從句,意為"不管,無論"之意.
e.g. Hainan Island is the place to be, whether it's summer or winter.
不管是夏天還是冬天,海南島都是應該去的地方.
(一)過去將來時
1,表示的意義和用法:過去將來時表示在過去的某一時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,判斷這一時態一定要
有用於表示"過去"的動作,而不是時間,過去將來時常用於主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中,少單獨使用.
2,謂語結構.
(1). should / would +動詞原形,第一人稱用should / would 都可以,其他人稱只用would.
e.g. You knew I should / would come. 你知道我會來的.
They told us that they would come back two days later. 他們告訴我們他們兩天後會回來.
She said she would be free next week. 她說她下周會有空.
(2). was / were going to +動詞原形
e.g. I thought they were going to visit me tonight. 我原以為他們今晚會來拜訪我.
The radio said it was going to snow tomorrow. 收音機說明天將下雪.
3. 某些"移位"動詞如go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return等的過去進行時也可用來表示
過去將來時.
e.g. He didn't say when he was coming. 他說沒什麼時候會來.
I was not sure if he was leaving for shanghai the next week. 我不確定他是否下周會去上海.
3,注意:
1. 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時.
e.g. She said she would ring you when he got to shanghai. 她說她到上海時將給你打電話.
Li Lei told me that he would go to the park alone if you didn't. 李雷告訴我,如果你不去公園的話,他獨自去.
2. should / would 不一定都表示過去將來時,should可以作為情態動詞,表示義務,"應該,應當" 而would 可以
表示客氣,禮貌的請求,你能……嗎
e.g. We should keep our classroom clean. 我們必須保持教室清潔.
Would you lend me your ruler 你能把尺子借給我嗎
(二)過去完成時
1,過去完成時的定義:表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態,即動作或狀態發生在"過
去的過去".
2,過去完成時的構成:過去完成時是由"助動詞had+動詞過去分詞"構成的.助動詞had可以與主語縮寫為'd
e.g. I had… → I'd He had… → He'd
3,過去完成時的基本句型與現在完成時的基本句型基本一樣.
陳述句肯定形式:
e.g. They had read the book. She had arrived at Chaozhou.
陳述句否定形式:在助動詞had後+not, 可縮寫為hadn't
e.g. They hadn't read the book. She hadn't arrived at Chaozhou.
一般疑問句形式及其答語:將助動詞had提前,答語一般也用had回答
e.g. Had they read the book Yes, they had. / No, they hadn't.
Had she arrived at Chaozhou Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
特殊疑問句形式:疑問詞+一般疑問句
e.g. What had they read Where had she arrived
4,過去完成時的基本用法.
(1). 表示在過去某一時間之前已經發生或完成的動作,常與介詞"by / before+過去的時間"構成的短語連用.
e.g. We had learned one thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上學期結束時,我們已經學了一千個單詞.
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲的時候,他已給自己建了一個實驗室.
He had got up before six o'clock yesterday morning. 昨天早上6時以前他就起床了.
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They had planted 1000 trees before 2000. 2000年以前他們已經種了1000顆樹.
(2). 表示在過去某一動作之前就已經發生或完成了的動作,動作在前的用過去完成時,在後的用一般過去時.
e.g. He told me that he had sent a letter to me.
他說他已經給我寄來了一封信.("寄"先於"告訴")
該用法也常與when, before等引導的從句連用.
e.g. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
當我來到電影院時,電影已經開始了.("開始"先於"到達")
Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
在我回到家之前,媽媽已做好了晚飯.("煮飯"先於"到家")
After I had finished reading the novel, I went to sleep.
在我讀完這部小說之後,我睡覺了.("讀完"先於"睡覺")
注意,因為after和before本身已表達了動作的先後關系,所以謂語動詞常用一般過去時代替過去完成時.
e.g. After he finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作業後他便上床睡覺了.
Where did you study before you came here. 你來這兒之前你在哪裡學習.
還可以通過上下文表示.
e.g. I met him yesterday. We hadn't met each other for a long time.
昨天我遇到了他,我們彼此很久沒有見面了.
(3). 表示從過去某一時間開始,持續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態,往往與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或
從句連用.
e.g. Mr. Wang had taught in the school for six years before I came here.
在我來這兒之前,王老師已在這所學校任教了六年.
I received a letter from Tom last week. We had not heard from him since 1998.
上周我收到了湯姆的一封信.自從1998年以來我從未收到他的來信.
5,不用過去完成時的三種情況.
句子如有yesterday, last year, in 1996, three years ago等表示很確定的過去時間的狀語,強調某動作或狀態在該時間發生,謂語動詞必須用一般過去時.
e.g. He was a worker three years ago. 三年前他是個工人.
He came here yesterday. 他昨天來過這兒.
漢語中雖然有"了""曾""過"等表示動作完成的字眼,但沒有說明該動作是在過去某一時間或動作之前完成的,譯成英語時要用一般過去時,不用過去完成時.
e.g. They finished reading five English story-books last year. 去年他們讀完了五本英語故事書.
They went to Japan last year. 他們去年曾去過日本.
敘述在過去連續發生的兩件以上的事,雖然時間有先後之別,但仍用一般過去時.
e.g. He got up quickly, ate a light breakfast and hurried to school by bike.
他飛快的起床,稍稍地吃了早飯,快速地騎車奔學校而去.
(三)動詞不定式作主語.
動詞不定式(短語),可以直接放置於句首擔當句子主語.
e.g. To say is easy, but to do is difficult. 說起來容易,做起來難.
To learn a foreign languages is not easy. 學好一門外語不容易.
動詞不定式作主語的句子,通常可以用形式主語"it"代替,同時把真正的主語,即動詞不定式(短語)放在後面,以使句子平衡.即構成句型It + be +形容詞+to do sth.
e.g. It's easy to say, but it's difficult to do. It's not easy to learn a foreign language.
如果要表示不定式動作的執行者,就在It + be +形容詞+to do sth該句型中的不定式之前加for sb或of sb.
①在形容詞hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dangerous, safe等之後常用for sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+for sb to do sth.
e.g. It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language well. 對我們來說學習好一門外語不容易.
It's dangerous for you to swim in the river. 在那河裡游泳對你來說很危險.
該句型中的形容詞修飾的是不定式,強調的是做某事怎麼樣.
②在形容詞nice, kind, clever, foolish(愚蠢的), polite(有禮貌的), careless, careful等之後,常用of
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sb,即構成句型:It + be + 形容詞+of sb + to do sth
e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. 你能幫助我,你真是太好了.
It was wrong of them to cut the trees. 他們砍伐樹木是不對的.
該句型中的形容詞主要修飾人,表示某人的性質或特徵,強調的是這個人怎麼樣.
it作形式主語時,其後的謂語也可以是實義動詞.
e.g. It took us five hours to get there. 我們用了5小時到達那裡.
It made me happy to find my friends there. 發現朋友在那裡令我很高興.
動詞不定式與疑問詞how, what, when, where, which等構成不定式短語,也可作主語.
e.g. How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用電腦是個問題.
Where to go has not been decided. 去哪兒還沒有定下來.
注意:主語,表語都為動詞不定式時,不能用形式主語it代替不定式.
e.g. To see is to believe. 眼見為實.
(四)定語從句
定語從句的概念:在復合句中,用來修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之後,對先行詞起修飾限定作用.
e.g. He is the man who I want to see.
先行詞 關系詞 定語從句
定語從句的引導詞:
定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞that, which, who (whom, whose)和關系副詞where, when, why兩種,關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯系作用,同時又在定語從句中充當一定成分.
關系代詞引導的定語從句:
如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,關系代詞應用who (whom, whose) 和that.
e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在從句中作主語)
這就是昨天給我們作報告的小王.
The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that