A. 初三上冊英語語法點
1.
seem
形容詞
Everything
seems
easy.一切似乎很容易。
2.
seem
名詞
He
seemed
an
honest
man.他看上去像是個老實人。
This
seemed
to
us
an
ideal
plan.我們感到這是個完美的計劃。
3.
seem
不定式
The
maths
problem
seems
to
be
very
difficult
to
work
out.這道數學題似乎很難解決。
I
seem
to
have
caught
a
cold.我好像是感冒了。
4.
seem
過去分詞
Our
teacher
seemed
stopped
by
the
question.我們的老師似乎是被那個問題難住了。
His
story
seemed
revealed.他的謊言似乎已被揭露。
5.
seem
doing
No
one
seemed
thinking
that
way.似乎沒人那樣想。
She
seemed
lacking
in
enthusiasm
when
we
were
talking
about
that
film.我們談論那部電影時，她看來好像沒多大熱情。
6.
seem
like
n./
V-ing，意思是"看起來像……"
It
seems
like
years
since
I
last
saw
you.自從我上次見到你以後，好像是過了好幾年。
Those
cards
seemed
like
so
many
little
flags
dotted
about
the
schoolroom.那些卡片好像許多面小旗點綴著教室。
7.
There
seems
to
be...,意為"似乎有；好像有……"
There
seems
to
be
no
work
for
you
to
do
now.看來現在沒有工作需要你做了。
8.
It
seems/seemed
that從句
It
seems
that
he
is
lying.看來他在撒謊。
It
seemed
that
no
one
knew
what
happened.看來沒有人知道發生了什麼事。
9.
It
seems/seemed
as
if從句
It
seems
as
if
he
were
in
a
dream.看來他像是在做夢。
B. 外研社九年級英語上冊主要講了什麼語法知識點
外研社九年級英語上冊語法知識點:
1. What are you up to? 你在做什麼?
2. Would you like a hand …? 你想要幫忙嗎?
3. have a look at … 看一看…
4. in the centre of …. 在…的中央
5. on our way back from… 在我們從…回來的路上
6. I bet you do! 我打賭你會做到的。
7. only once + 句子 只有在…的條件下才行
Unit 2
1.take a helicopter tour
take/ go on a… tour 表示進行…旅途
goon a camel ride 騎駱駝旅遊
2. be surprised at sth. 對某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised at the result of the exam.
be surprised todo sth. 對做某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised to hear the news.
3. at different times of the day 在每天的不同時刻
4. in many ways 在很多方面
They are likeus in many ways.
in differentways 用不同的方法
I can work out this math problem indifferent ways.
ina way 在某種程度上來說
Ina way,that can be compared with the introction of the Internet in the 20thcentury.
by theway 順便說一下
5. be similar to 與…相似
Hisanswer is similar to mine.
6. have a good/bad temper
有好/壞脾氣
Miss Li is very kind. She has a good temper.
7. keep doing sth. 不斷做某事
It keepsraining these days.
Mole8 Unit 1
1. at the back/front 在後面/前面
on the left/right 在左邊/右邊
2. over 越過
climb over the wall 爬過這道牆
see over the people 越過人群看
3. enter the competition
=take part in the competition 參加比賽
4. You bet! (口語)當然!
5. get sb. doing sth.
= make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
How did you get thecamera working?
= How did you makethe camera work?
6. How did you get on? 你進展怎樣?
get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
get on well with sth. 某事進展順利
He gets on well with his classmates.
Mary didn』t get on well with her work.
7. be in with a chance to dosth.
= have a chance to do sth. 有機會去做某事
8. have gone = bemissing
= be lost = get lost 不見了，失蹤了
My watch has gone.
=My watch is missing.
= My watch is/gets lost.
9. You are kidding! 你在開玩笑吧!
10. expect to do sth. 期待，料到去做某事
11. pick up sth. 撿起某物
pick up sb. 接人
My father picks me up everyday.
Unit 2
1. be pleased with sb./sth.
對某人/某物感到滿意
2. even though + 句子
= even if + 句子
即使…(對虛擬的情況進行讓步)
I won』t go to the party even though/ifI have time.
即使我有時間我也不會去參加聚會的。
though = although
雖然…(對現實的情況進行讓步)
I didn』t go to the party though/although Ihad time.
雖然我有時間，但是我沒有去參加聚會。
3.read on 繼續讀
動詞+on 表示繼續做某事
4.know … well 對…熟悉
5. manage to do sth. 設法去做某事
We managed to get what we wanted.
我們設法得到了我們想要的東西。
6. a collection of 一組…
7. work on sth. 從事…
8. Congratulations tosb. 祝賀某人
9. present the prize 頒獎
give prizes to sb. 給某人頒獎
which, who 引導的定語從句
Mole9 Unit 1
1. Oh dear! 天啊!
2. It』s no laughingmatter.
這不是什麼可笑的事情。
3. over there 在那邊
4. have a word with sb. 和某人說句話
5. That』s good news. 這是個好消息。
news是不可數名詞，前面不能加a
可以加量詞 a piece of news
two pieces of news
6. Here you are. 給你。
7. be in deep trouble 有大麻煩
Unit 2
1. orange-and-white 黃白相間的
black-and-white 黑白的
2. win the heard of … 贏得…的心
3. a group of 一群…
4. He eats as many peachesas he likes.
他喜歡吃多少桃子就吃多少。
as … as possible 盡可能…
as early as possible 盡早
5. make a mess 弄得一團糟
6. ever since + 句子 自從…
7. translate … into … 把…翻譯成…
8. have sth. done (bysb.)
把某物讓別人…了
We hadthe machine mended.
我們把機器讓人修好了。
He hashad his hair cut.
他把頭發請人給他剪了。
9.選擇疑問句：
在一般疑問句後加or …構成選擇疑問句。
選擇疑問句不能回答Yes或No，要選擇其中一個進行回答。如：
--Are you in Class 1 or Class 2?
--I』m in Class 1.
/I』m in Class 2.
/Neither, I』m in Class 5.
10. 在定從中，當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of thepersons and things that I saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
定從中只能用that的情況
1. 當先行詞是everything, anything,nothing, something, all, none, few, little, 等代詞時，只能用that。如：
Have you taken down everythingthat Mr. Li said?
你記下李老師講的一切了嗎?
All that can be done hasbeen done.
所有能做的都做好了。
2. 當先行詞被序數詞和形容詞最高級修飾的時候，只能用that。如：
The first place that theyvisited in London was the Big Ben.
他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方是大本鍾。
This is the best film thatI have ever seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
3. 當主句有who, which等疑問詞時，定從只能用that引導。如：
Who is the man thatis standing over there?
站在那邊的人是誰?
Which is the T-Shirt thatyou bought?
你買的T恤是哪一件?
4. 當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of the persons and things thatI saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
Mole 10Unit 1
1. a bit + 形容詞= a little 形容詞
表示「有點…」
I』m a bit tired. =I』m a little tired.
我有點累了。
a little + 不可數名詞
a bit of + 不可數名詞
There is a littletime left.
= There is a bit oftime left.
還剩下一點時間。
2. give up 放棄
give up doingsth. 放棄做某事
My father gaveup smoking 2 years ago.
我爸爸2年前戒煙了。
3. stay fit = keep fit 保持健康
4.need to do sth. 需要做某事
5. take exercise 做運動
exercise 表示「鍛煉」時是不可數名詞，
表示練習時，是可數名詞
doing morning exercise 做晨練
do eye exercise 做眼操
These maths exercises arevery difficult.
這些數學習題很難。
6. go running 去跑步
go swimming 去游泳
go sightseeing 去觀光
7. talk to sb. 跟某人說話
talk with sb. 跟某人交談
8. nearly adv. 幾乎，差不多
Nearly 300 students entered thecompetition.
差不多300個學生參加了比賽。
The car nearly hitthe man.
車差點撞到那個男子。
9. not … any more 不再…
10. bump into sb. 碰見
I bumped into an old friendyesterday.
昨天我碰見一個老朋友。
Unit 2
1. know about 了解
2. include v.包括
including 介詞. 可以做伴隨狀語
Your ties includedoing the cleaning and cooking.
你的職責包括做清潔和做飯。
Manypeople like pop music including my grandpa.
很多人都喜歡流行音樂，包括我爺爺。
3.persuade sb. (not) to do sth.
說服某人做(不要做)某事
My father persuadedme not to join the club. 爸爸勸說我不要參加那個俱樂部。
4.ban … from … 禁止…進入…
ban … fromdoing sth. 禁止…做某事
Mobile phonesmust be banned from schools. 應該禁止帶手機進入學校。
The policemanbanned him from driving.
警察禁止他開車。
5. a TV programme showed his visits to theschool. 一個電視節目播放了他的這次學校之行。
(這里visit是名詞，後面的to the school是定語)
6. get/have sth. done 把某物給…了
get things done 把事情做了。
I』ll have/get my computerrepaired.
我要把電腦給修了。
7. put on weight 增加體重
loseweight 減肥
8. in order todo sth. 為了…
What do yousometimes have to do in order to get fit?
有時候你不得不做什麼來健身呢?
whose引導的定從
當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系時，就用whose引導定從。如：
There is a boy in our team.
The boy』s parents want him to go to a
sports school.
--- There is a boy in our team whoseparents want him to go to a sports school.
通常包含whose引導的定從的句子可以
譯成兩句漢語。如以上句子可以譯成：
在我們隊里有個男孩，他的父母想讓他參加體校。
先行詞是人是物都可以用whose引導，如：
1)He is the only student in our class
whose father is a policeman.
他是我們班唯一一個爸爸是警察的學生。
2)The desk whose leg is broken will
be repaired.
那張斷了只腳的桌子將被拿去修理。
Mole 11
數字的寫法和讀法
1.1—10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
2. 11—20
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
3. 幾十
twenty thirty forty fifty
sixty seventy eighty ninety
注意：four要去掉u再加ty; nine直接加ty
只有變為序數詞時nine要去e加th.
4. 幾十幾
注意：十位數和十位數之間要加連字元
twenty-six ninety-seven
5. 百位數和十位數之間可以加and也可以不加。當十位數為零時，一定要加and
156 one hundred (and) fifty-six
509 five hundred and nine
6. 英語里每三個數為一個單位，用一個逗號隔開。第一個逗號為thousand(千);第二個逗號為million(百萬);第三個逗號為billion(十億)。如：
7. 表示具體數字時，hundred,thousand million,billion不能加s;表達一個大概的數字時，可以加s fivethousand students 五千個學生 thousandsof students 好幾千個學生
8. 序數詞的構成;在基數詞後加th
特殊變化的序數詞： first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth
9. 整十的數字把y改為ie再加th twentieth fiftieth
10. 幾十幾的數字只用把個位數變成序數詞 twenty-first sixty-fourth
11.分數的表達：
分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞。
當分子大於1時，分母要復數。
1/3 one third
1/2 a half
1/4 one fourth = a quarter
3/10 threetenths
Mole11 Unit 1
1. What』s the population of…?
某地的人口有多少?
Thepopulation is big/large.
人口多。
(注意：形容人口多不能用many來修飾population;people才能用many來修飾)
2. along with = togetherwith
連同，與…在一起
Tintinhas been to many places along with his dog.
3. look up 查看，查(字典)
I』ll lookup the word in the dictionary.
4. comp up 出現，進行
He cameup at last.
最後他出現了。
Thesports meeting will come up next month.
下個月將進行運動會。
5. thanks to 多虧
Thanksto the policeman, the boy was found.
多虧了警察，孩子被找到了。
thanksto = because of 由於
Unit 2
1. over + 時間 表示「在…期間」
overthe last 50 years 在上個50年間
over the past 10 years 在過去的10年間
2. in the distance 在遠處
3. be close to … 靠近…
4. no + 單數名詞= not a +單數名詞
No + 復數名詞 = not any + 復數名詞
Thereis no student in the classroom.
= Thereisn』t a student in the classroom.
Thereare no clouds in the sky.
= Therearen』t any clouds in the sky.
5. room 作可數名詞時表示「房間」
作不可數名詞時表示「空間」
Thereare 3 rooms in my house.
我家有3間房。
Thereis little room for the desk.
沒有空間來放這張桌子了。
6. close down 關閉，倒閉
7. add to 增加
8. run 可以表示「經營，管理」
runa company 經營一個公司
run acity 管理一個城市
9. protect … from …
保護…不受…(的侵害)
protect people fromcrime
保護人民不受不法活動的侵害
Mole12 Unit 1
1. give a warm welcome to sb.
熱烈歡迎某人
welcome 既可以做動詞也可以做名詞
Let』s welcome Tomto our class.
2. be pleased/happy to do sth.
高興去做某事
3. as a pupil = when I was a pupil
當我是個學生的時候
4. my time here was very important.
我在這里的時間是非常重要的。
句中的here作定語，修飾time，要後置。
The people thereare very friendly.
那裡的人們很友善。
5. free adj. 自由的，有空的，免費的
The bird is free inthe sky.
鳥兒在天空很自由。
Are you free thisSunday?
這個星期天你有空嗎?
The food there is free.
那裡的食物是免費的。
6. each 表示「每個」
做形容詞時等於every，但each 強調「個體」，every 強調「整體」。如：
Each/Everystudent has an English book.
每個學生都有一本英語書。
(用every student 表達相當於 all the students )
each還可以作副詞，不能用every替代。如：
They earned 100dollars each.
他們每人賺了100美元。
7.watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事
Unit 2
1. experience n. 經驗(u.n.)，經歷(c.n.)
experience v. 體驗
experienced adj. 有經驗的
He has much experiencein teaching.
他有豐富的教學經驗。
Please tell me your experiencesin Africa.
請告訴我你在非洲的經歷。
Have you ever experiencedpoorness?
你有沒有經歷過貧窮?
He is an experiencedteacher.
他是一個有經驗的教師。
2. up to + 數字 直到，至多
We can invite up to 20people.
我們可以邀請至多20個人。
3. progress 進展(不可數名詞)
makeprogress with/in sth.
在某方面取得進步
I』ve made progresswith/in English.
我的英語已經有了進步。
4. take place 發生, 進行(沒有被動語態)
The story took place on acold winter morning.
這個故事發生在一個寒冷的冬天的早上。
The training course will takeplace next week.
這個培訓課程下周開始。
5. choose to do sth. 選擇去做某事
6. a place of interest
名勝(在place這里變復數)
Howmany places of interest have you been to?
你去過多少個名勝了?
7. fill in 填寫
fill in the blanks 填空
fill in the form 填表
fill sth. with sth. 用…裝滿…
8. where 引導的定從
當先行詞在定從中做地點狀語時，用where來引導。where = 介詞+which。如：
Do you know the factory whereyour father works?
= Do you know the factory whichyour father works in?
你知道你爸爸工作的工廠嗎?
C. 新目標英語九年級上所有要教的 語法 知識點（不用講解，我只要個目錄就行了） 要求語法全面一點
Unit 1
一：知識點
1.Check in : 在旅館的登記入住。 Check out: 在旅館結賬離開。
2.By: ①通過…..方式（途徑）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁邊。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……為止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
3. what about doing sth：…怎麼樣？
4.aloud， loud ，loudly 均可做副詞。
aloud 出聲地 大聲地 多與read 、speak連用
例如：read aloud 朗讀 speak aloud說出聲來
loud 大聲地 響亮地 loudly 高聲地 多指喧鬧聲和不悅耳的聲音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鳥鳴。 sound 指人可以聽到的各種聲音。 noise 指噪音、吵鬧聲
6. find + 賓語 + 賓補（名詞形容詞介詞短語 分詞等）
例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed.
7. 常見的系動詞有： ①是：am 、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay ③ 轉變：become、 get、 turn ④ ……起來 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 賓語 + 賓補（形容詞過去分詞動詞不定式） 使某種情況發生
例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦乾凈 Get Mr. Green to come. 讓格林先生進來
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行車
You can』t get him waiting. 你不能讓他老等著
9. 動詞不定式做定語
①與所修飾的名詞構成主謂關系
The next train to arrive was fromNew York. He is always the first to come.
②與所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don』t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名詞為不可數名詞 11. add 補充說 又說
12. join 加入某團體 並成為其中一員 attend 出席參加會議或講座
join in與take part in指參加到某項活動中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every復合詞與not連用構成部分否定。其完全否定為：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕擔心，表示委婉語氣
15.either ①放在否定句末表示「也」 ②兩者中的「任一」
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引導主語部分，謂語動詞按照就近原則處理
16.complete完成，是個較正式的詞，後不能接動名詞 finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 與序數詞連用表示「又一」，「再一」。
例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻煩，困難
19.unless 除非，如果不，等於「if not」本身就表示否定，引導條件狀語從句，主句為將來時，條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示將來。
例：My baby sister doesn』t cry unless she』s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn』t cry if she isn』t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you』ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的話，你會出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替，更換。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我們沒有咖啡了，改喝茶好嗎？
Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯圖爾病了，所以換了我去。
instead of 作為某人或某事物的替換
例：Let』s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口頭的，口語的。 Speaking 講話的，說某種語言的。
二，短語：
1.by making flashcards 通過做單詞抽認卡 2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗讀 4.that way (=in that way) 通過那種方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的會話技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高興
8.have conversations with friends 與朋友對話
9.get excited 高興，激動
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以說漢語結束對話
11.do a survey about… 做有關…的調查 12.keep an English notebook 記英語筆記13.spoken English (= oral English) 英語口語 14.make mistakes 犯錯誤
15.get the pronunciation right 使發音準確
16.practise speaking English 練習說英語 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以…開始 19.later on 隨後
20.in class在課堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 記筆記 23.enjoy doing 喜歡干…
24.write down 寫下，記下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查詢 26.native speakers 說本族話的人
27.make up 編造，虛構，化妝，打扮 28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 對待，處理，解決 30.worry about (be worried about) 擔心，擔憂
31.be angry with 生某人的氣 32.stay angry 生氣
33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as… 把…當做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change…into… 把…變成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的幫助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比較
39.think of (think about) 想起，想到 40.physical problems身體上的問題
41.break off 中斷，突然終止 42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
三，句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試做准備？
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那種方法，我已經學到了很多東西。
3.It』s too hard to understand the voice. 聽懂那些聲音太難了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.記流行歌曲的詞也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 衛明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他覺得看電影讓人感到沮喪.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又說和朋友對話根本沒用。
8.I don』t have a partner to practice English with. 我沒有搭檔一起練習英語。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn』t matter if you don』t understand every word.隨後，我認識到聽不懂每個詞並沒有關系。
10.It』s amazing how much this helped. 我驚異於這些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 給老師留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很難造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什麼？
14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英語對於大多數人來說是第二語言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我們怎樣處理我們的問題？
16.It is our ty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our ecation with the help of our teachers. 在老師的幫助下盡我們最大的努力來應對挑戰是我們的責任。
He can』t walk or even speak.他無法走路，甚至無法說話
Unit 2
一. 知識點
1. used to 過去常常做某事,暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形.
否定形式為: didn』t use to 或 usedn』t to 疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 習慣於, to 為介詞.
2. wear 表示狀態. put on 表示動作. dress + 人 給某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,在…供職.
4. Don』t you remember me? 否定疑問句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我記得. No, I don』t 是的, 我不記得了.
5. 反意疑問句:
① 陳述部分的主語為 this, that, 疑問部分主語用it; 陳述部分主語用 these, those, 疑問部分用they 做主語.
例: This is a new story, isn』t it? Those are your parents, aren』t they?
② 陳述部分是 there be 結構, 疑問部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn』t there?
③ I am 後的疑問句, 用aren』t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren』t I?
④ 陳述部分與含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等詞時,疑問部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn』t they?
但陳述句中若帶有否定前綴或後綴的單詞時, 這個句子仍視為肯定, 後面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn』t she?
⑤ 陳述部分的主語若為不定式或 V-ing 短語, 疑問部分主語用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn』t it?
⑥ 陳述句中主語是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代詞時,疑問部分用they做主語; 若陳述部分主語是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代詞時, 疑問部分用it 做主語.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn』t it?
⑦ 當主語是第一人稱I時, 若謂動為think, believe, guess 等詞時, 且其後跟賓叢,這時疑問句部分的人稱, 時態要與賓語從句保持一致, 同時還要考慮否定轉移.
例: I don』t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 後用 will you? (let』s 開頭時, 後用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It』s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次數;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指時間.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 對的, 右邊的② n. 右方, 權利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn』t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光.
13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段時間 ring the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
二. 短語
1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣.2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 體操課.5. worry about. 擔心.
6. all the time 一直, 總是7. chat with 與…閑聊8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩
12. make a decision 做出決定 13. to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最後, 終於
19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的
D. 新目標英語九年級上冊重點語法有哪些
Unit1
1. 聽古典音樂 listen to classical music
2. 向老師尋求幫助 ask the teacher for help
3. 為考試學習 study for a test?
4. 通過和小組學習 by studying with a group.
5. 大聲朗讀怎麼樣？What\How about reading aloud?
8. 練習發音 practice pronouncing
9. 說話技能 speaking skills
10.問某人關於。。。的情況 ask sb about sth
11.問到有關學習語法的事 ask about studying grammar
15. 感覺不同 feel differently
16. 發現看電影是令人沮喪 find watching movies frustration
17. 觀看演員說話 watch the actors say the words
18. 說得太快 speak too quickly
19. 一點也不 not … at all
20．一點也沒有幫助 be not helpful at all
don』t help at all
21．對於。。。感到激動 get excited about sth
22．最後以說漢語結束 end up speaking in Chinese
23．做一個關於學英語的調查 do a survey about studying English
25．英語口語 spoken English
26．在語法方面出現錯誤 make mistakes in grammar
27．慢慢地讀 read slowly
28．我不知道如何使用逗號。how to use commas.
29．使發音正確 get the pronunciation right
30．挑戰之一 one of the challenges
31．獲得很多的寫作訓練 get much writing practice
32．在雜志中 in magazines
33．解決問題的辦法 solutions to the problems
34．為什麼不加入英語俱樂部呢？Why not join the English club?
Why don』t you join the English club?
36．首先 first of all
37．後來 later on
35．我沒有練習英語的夥伴。I don』t have a partner to practice English with.
39．害怕在課堂上發言be afraid of speaking in class
40．不要嘲笑我。Don』t laugh at me.
41．沒關系。It doesn』t matter.
43．我也不知道 I don』t know, either.
44．做某事的秘訣之一 one of the secrets of doing sth
46．記筆記 take notes
48．做某事有困難（四個）have trouble doing sth
have difficulty doing sth
have problems doing sth
have a hard time doing sth
49．把它們寫下 write them down
51．在字典中把它查出來
look them up in a dictionary
feels soft.
摸起來很軟。
53．編一個對話 make up a conversation
54．作為第二語言 as a second language
56．我們如何處理我們的問題？
How do we deal with our problems?
57．同義句
What do we do with our problems?
60．和某人生氣 be angry with sb
61．通過學會忘記 by learning to forget
62．一個不公正的女孩 an unfair girl
67．解決一個問題 solve a problem
68．把。。。當作。。。regard…as
70．抱怨某事 complain about sth
71．對某人要求嚴格 be strict with sth
72．對某事要求嚴格 be strict in sth
74．把。。。變成。。。change … into…
77．做。。。是某人的職責
It』s one』s ty to do sth.
78．盡他們最大的努力做某事
try their best to do sth
79．在老師的幫助下
with the help of the teacher
80．把A比作B compare A to B
81．把A和B相比較 compare A with B
82．例如 for example
84．讓我們面臨挑戰吧。
Let』s face the challenges.
85．一個士兵 a soldier
86．中斷友誼 break off a friendship
89．加入英語俱樂部
Joining the English club
98．一個發展中國家 a developing country
99．一個發達國家 a developed country
95．發現學英語是困難的
find learning English difficult
91．記英語筆記 keep an English note
92．對某人來說做。。。是容易的。
It』s easy for sb to do sth
Unit2
我過去起床很晚。I used to get up late.
我習慣於早起。
I am used to getting up early.
等一會兒 wait a minute
你過去彈鋼琴嗎？
Did you use to play the piano?
我對學英語感興趣。
I am interested in studying English.
她喜歡踢足球。I like playing soccer.
我在游泳隊。I am on the soccer team.
我是游泳隊的一員。
I am a member of the soccer team.
人們確實改變。People sure change.
他過去害怕黑暗。
He used to be afraid of the dark.
害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth
害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth
一個寂寞的男孩 a lonely boy
感覺寂寞 feel lonely
獨自呆在家裡 stay alone at home
坐飛機飛行 fly in an airplane
上飛機 get on the plane
下飛機 get out of the plane
在黑暗中 in the dark
在夜晚 in the evening
在一群人面前
in front of a group of people
睡覺時卧室的燈是開著的
go to bed with the bedroom light on
通過電視看比賽
watch the match on TV
蜘蛛和其他的昆蟲
spiders and other insects
還有什麼
what else / what other things
害怕體育課
be afraid of / be terrified of gym class
我不擔心考試。
I don』t worry about the tests.
一直，總是 all the time
吃糖 eat candy
嚼口香糖 chew gum
我最大的問題就是我太忙了。
My biggest problem is that I』m too busy.
忙於做某事 be busy doing sth
忙於某事 be busy with sth
如此多的時間 so much time
如此多的規矩 so many rules
這些天 these days
直接回家 go right home
吃晚飯 eat dinner
花費時間/金錢做某事
(spend) spend time/money doing sth
在某事上花費時間/金錢
(spend) spend time / money on sth
做某事花費某人一些時間(take)It takes sb some time to do sth
eat 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 eat—ate—eaten --eating
不再 no longer / no more / not …any longer/ not …any more
整天 all day
和某人聊天 chat with sb
chat 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
帶我去音樂會 take me to concerts
我有做作業的時間
I have time to do my homework.
同義句 I have time for homework.
我有買車的錢
I have money to buy a car.
同義句 I have money for a car.
懷念過去的日子 miss the old days
在過去幾年中我的生活改變很多。
My life has changed a lot in the last/ past few years.
在過去50年中中國發生很多變化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the last / past 50 years.
我的日常生活與你的不同。
My daily life is different from yours.
介意做某事 mind doing sth
你介意我在這吸煙嗎？
Would you mind my smoking here?
我喜歡讀漫畫。
I like reading comics.
不要如此擔心事情。
Don』t worry about things so much.
這會讓你有壓力。
It will make you stressed out.
我的朋友搬到另外一個城鎮去了。My friend moved to another town.
受感動（兩個）
be moved / be impressed
我把頭發留長了。
I grow my hair long.
她似乎很年輕。
She seems to be young
同義句 She seems young.
同義句 It seems that she is young.
她似乎知道每件事。
She seems to know everything.
同義句
It seems that she knows everything.
一個十一歲的男孩
an eleven-year-old boy
支付。。。 pay for (pay--paid—paid)
我支付不起這個房子。
I can』t afford the house.
同義句
I can』t afford to pay for the house.
為他自己和家人惹麻煩 cause trouble / problems for himself and his family
陷入麻煩 get into trouble
處於麻煩中 be in trouble
擺脫麻煩 get out of trouble
對某人有耐心 be patient with sb
最後 in the end
做一個艱難的決定
make a difficult decision
決定做某事 decide to do sth
把他送到一個男子寄宿學校
send him to a boys』 boarding school
send 過去式，過去分詞，現在分詞 send—sent—sent—sending
使某人吃驚的是 to one』s surprise
那就是我確實想要的。
It was exactly what I needed.
即使他很窮，他也很快樂。
Even though he is poor, he is happy.
以。。。為驕傲 （兩個）
take pride in / be proud of
他已經死了兩年了。
He has been dead for two years.
他兩年前死了。
He died two years ago.
他的死讓我們難過。
His death made us sad.
那條狗快死了。The dog is dying.
注意你的發音
pay attention to your pronunciation
班級中最好的學生之一
one of the best students in the class
對自己感覺好
feel good about oneself
對某人來說做。。。是重要的。
It』s important for sb to do sth
在那裡支持著他們的孩子
be there for their children
放棄做某事 give up doing sth
把它放棄 give it up
別浪費時間。Don』t waste time.
改變某人的想法
change one』s mind
正如Martin自己說的
as Martin himself says
他的媽媽盡可能好地照顧他。
His mother looked after him as much as she could.
和他媽媽的最近一次談話
a recent conversation with his mother
改變某人的生活 change one』s life
畫畫 paint a picture
她過去恐高。
She used to be afraid high places.
你過去很矮，是不是？
You used to be short, didn』t you?
祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)
E. 人教版九年級英語上冊 語法
Unit 4一、知識點 1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用復數。hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用復數。3What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣？（引導條件狀語從句、疑問句）eg What if she doesn』t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦？ What if your parent don』t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦？7、before 引導一個句子，為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等，則為介詞。8、food 表示食品種類，一種食物時，為可數名詞9、What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。She is tall.What』s ×× like? 問「品質性格」。She is outgoing.12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告have a report 聽報告13、permission (n.) 允許，許可 permit (v.) 允許Don』t read others』 diary without permission.14、plenty of 充足的，相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞，只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一夥人 ③ 陪伴 I would like your company if you are free tonight.17、get along (with)=get on (with) ①進行，進展eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了？②相處 eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎？I』m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。18、would rather … than … （= would … rather than）寧願，而不願。前後連接兩個動詞原形，否定形式為：would rather not do sth①would rather … than … = prefer … to …但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞，動詞應為v-ing 形式。eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. ②would rather 常單獨使用，表示「寧願做…」eg He would rather watch TV at home.③rather than = instead of 而不是連接兩個並列成分，前後對稱。eg I』d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞，放在名詞之後eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這里的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的 the passage below 下面的這段話22、the rest 其餘的，可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。類似於think of.eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的？My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出干……二、短語1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣？ 4、get nervous 緊張5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one』s permission 請求××的允許13、introce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…干…15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一點也不 17、right away 立刻，馬上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生 be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗30、deal with 對付，處理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地，無意之中34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 網友三、句子1、He doesn』t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。2、You shouldn』t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人說什麼。3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元，你會干什麼？4、If I were you, I 『d take a small present.如果我是你，我會帶一個小禮物。5、I』m too tired to do well.我太累了，沒考好。6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人？8、I』d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他（她）到我家吃飯。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。12、She doesn』t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。13、If I were you, I』ll get out of here.如果我是你，我會離開這里。祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)
F. 初三英語上冊語法
定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記住：
1.what不能引導定語從句.
2.關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）註：
A． 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。
1．先行詞為one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行詞為these時
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定語從句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
註：
A. 介詞如果位於作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之後。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping』s son.
C． 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、修飾時。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關系代詞只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）關系代詞放在介詞之後
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主語時
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三．比較When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
All the students who study hard have passed.學習努力的學生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學生都及格了，他們學習努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學生都很努力。）
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。） 從句是對先行詞的附加說明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。） 與主句關系密切，不用逗號 與主句關系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用「的」連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句後面關系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關系代詞不能省略關系代詞as和which
先研究下面兩個例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。
○2.Tom didn』t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。
這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內容。但有兩點不同之處：
1． 在形式上as引導的非限制性定語從句可位於主句的後面，也可位於主句的前面；而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位於主句的後面，不能位於主句的前面。
2． 在意義上，as引導的定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為「正如……」，「就像……」，而which引導的定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which引導的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。
2． The street hasn』t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）
3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經指出的那樣，英語對於初學者說，是相當難學的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等結構中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對於初學的人來說是太難了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認識所有到會的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。
「One of the +復數名詞」後面定語從句中謂語單復數情況
這一結構後面的定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個復數名詞在數上保持一致。如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +復數名詞這一結構前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語，後面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復數名詞。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修飾the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
as與which引導的定語從句
兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 當與such或the same連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在從句中作主語時，後面常接行為動詞的被動語態，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態，一般要用which作主語。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
英語被動語態
一、概述
英語中有兩種語態，主動和被動。
例如：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。 被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。 所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句) The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)
二、被動語態的構成
被動語態由「助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞」構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught
一般過去時：was／were＋taught
一般將來時：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught
過去進行時：was/were being＋taught
現在完成時：have／has been＋taught
過去完成時：had been +taught
過去將來時：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被動語態的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。 例如： Some more interesting novels were stolen last year. 一些新小說去年被寫了。(沒說小說是誰寫的) This book was published in 1981.這本書出版於1981年。
(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
四、主動語態變被動語態的方法
(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞) (根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made
G. 新目標九年級英語上冊第二單元重點句子語法 詳細一點
新目標九年級英語重點句子、語法：
Unit 2
一、知識點
1. used to 過去常常做某事，暗指現在已經不存在的動作或狀態. 後跟動詞原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….（反意疑問句）didn』t there?
否定形式為: didn』t use to 或 usedn』t to
疑問形式為: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to doing sth.習慣於, to 為介詞.
2. wear 表示狀態. =be in +顏色的詞；put on 表示動作.
dress + 人 給某人穿衣服dress sb. / oneself
get dressed, 穿好衣服
3. on the swim team on 是…的成員,.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days.
② 錯過, 未中, 未趕上, 未找到.
例: It』s a pity that you miss the bus. The boy shot at the goal, but missed.
9. right: ① adj. 正確的, 右邊的 It』s not right to spit in public.
② n. 右方, 權利 Women now have the right to vote in Japan.
③ adv. 恰恰，正， The UFO landed right in front of me.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常與can, be able to 連用.
例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn』t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 連詞, 不但…而且… 強調前者. (若引導主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數上一致。
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不僅需要水, 還需要空氣和陽光.
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅是他們, 我也願意幫助你.
13. alone = by oneself 獨自一人. lonely 孤獨的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段時間
ring the last/past + 一段時間 與現在完成時連用.
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 對…感興趣
②be interested in doing sth. 對做…感興趣
③show great interest in 在……方面產生極大的興趣
④a place of interest 一處名勝 some places of interest
如：He is interested in math, but he isn』t interested in speaking
English. 他對數學感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。
19. on 副詞，表示（電燈、電視、機械等）在運轉中/打開，
其反義詞off. with the light on 燈開著
25. take sb. to + 地方送/帶某人去某個地方如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一個人把他送到了醫院。
Lui took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
36. as + 形容詞./副詞＋as sb. could/can 盡某人的…能力，如：
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她盡她最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻煩
復合句與簡單句的轉化：
when ------ at the age of …
I could sing songs when I was five.
I could sing songes at the age of five.
so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
He was so young that he couldn』t go to school today.
He was too young to go to school.
He wasn』t old enough to go to school.
so that…------ in order to do sth.
Tom gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus.
Tom gets up early in the morning in order to catch the early bus.
It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
be afraid
be sure that +從句---- 動詞不定式
be sorry
I am sure that he will win the badminton match tomorrow.
He is sure to win the badminton match tomorrow.
二、 短語
1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣；2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員.
3. be terrified of 害怕；4. gym class 體操課；5. worry about. 擔心；
6. all the time 一直, 總是；7. chat with 與…閑聊；8. hardly ever 幾乎從不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不僅…而且；11. get into trouble 遇到麻煩；
12. make a decision 做出決定；13. to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是
14. take pride in 為…感到驕傲；15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…組成/構成. be made up of 由…組成/構成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是；18. in the end 最後, 終於；19. play the piano 彈鋼琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多時間和我的朋友們玩游戲.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我幾乎沒有時間去聽音樂會.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那會使你緊張的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎變化很大。
H. 誰可以幫我歸納初三上學期的英語語法和句型啊。。急！是新課標的版本。。
1、並列句基本概念：
並列復合句是由兩個或兩個以上並列而又獨立的簡單句構成。兩個簡單句常由並列連接詞連在一起；但有時不用連接詞,只在兩個簡單句之間用一逗號或分號。
2、常見的並列句：
(1)用來連接兩個並列概念的連接詞有and,not only…but also…,neither…nor…等,and所連接的前後分句往往表示先後關系、遞進關系。前後分句的時態往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那麼第二個分句用將來時。
(2)表示在兩者之間選擇一個,常用的連接詞有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前後分句的時態往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那麼第二個分句用將來時。
(3)表明兩個概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者轉折,常用的連接詞有but,yet,still,however等,前後分句時態一致。
(4)說明原因,用連接詞for,前後分句時態一致。
(5)表示結果,用連接詞so,前後分句時態一致。
主從復合句
1、概念：
主從復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨立成為一個句子。從句通常由關聯詞引導,並由關聯詞將從句和主句聯系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爺爺奶奶們很愛孩子,同時對他們也嚴格要求。)/It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起來會議沒完沒了。)/Hurry up,or(else) you'll be late.(快點,要不然就來不及了。)/However I cook eggs,the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什麼方法煮雞蛋,小孩還是不肯吃。)
2、分類：
從句按其在復合句中的作用,分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句等。（參見以下各條）
3、各從句在句子中的位置以及用法：
(1)表語從句：在句子中作連系動詞的表語的從句,它位於主句中的系動詞之後。
例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.
(2)賓語從句：在句子中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。
①基本形式：（主句＋）連詞+從句主語+從句謂語+...
②關於賓語從句連詞的選擇：
若從句來源於一個陳述句,那麼,連詞用that,在口語中that可以省略;
若從句來源於一個一般疑問句,連詞則用if或whether;
若從句來源於一個特殊疑問句,則連詞就是疑問詞(如what,who,where,when等)
例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他們相信計算機終將代替人類。)(從句本來就是陳述句) / I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是該為他在校長跟前說點什麼。)(從句來源於一般問句 Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) /He asked me where he could get such medicine.(他問我在哪兒能搞到那樣的葯。)(從句來源於特殊問句Where can he get such medicine?)
③賓語從句的時態問題：如果主句是現在時,從句則用現在某一時態,甚至可以用過去時；
如主句是過去時,從句則相應地使用過去某一時態,遇到客觀真理時仍然用現在時。如：I think I will do better in English this term.(我想本學期我的英語會學得好點。)/The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round.(老師問那個男孩地球是不是圓的。)
④下列結構後面的從句一般也作為賓語從句看待：
Be sorry/afraid/sure/glad+that從句,如：I'm sorry I'm late.(對不起,我遲到了。)/I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
(3)狀語從句：在復合句中作狀語,其位置可以在主句前或主句後。狀語從句可以分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、比較、讓步、條件等幾種。狀語從句由從屬連接詞引導。
時間狀語從句通常由when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,since,till(until),while,whenever等引導。時間狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時間狀語從句不允許使用將來時,而應該用現在時替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam.(你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。)/I won't leave until Mum comes back.(媽媽回來了我才會走。)
地點狀語從句通常由where,wherever等引導。如：Go back where you came from!(哪裡來還滾到哪裡去！)/I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be.(我永遠也不會忘記去抓住那個偷我項鏈的賊,無論他會在哪裡。)
原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as等引導,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him.(他出國了,因為他父親給他找了一所好大學。)
目的狀語從句通常由sothat...,so...hat...,inorderthat...等引導,往往放在句尾,從句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情態動詞。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train.(他起身更早為的是趕上第一班車。)
結果狀語從句通常由sothat...,so...that...等引導,放在句尾。結果狀語從句一般表示已經發生的事情,故多為過去時態。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one.(他丟了那麼多輛自行車,他決定再也不買新車了。)
比較狀語從句通常由as,than,as(so)...as等引導,一般省略從句的謂語部分,只剩下名詞或代詞(用主格或賓格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me.(Jane比我高多了。)/I don't have as many books as you (do).(我書沒有你多)
讓步狀語從句通常由though(although),as,evenif(eventhough),however,whatever等引導。如：Evenifyoupaythedebt(債務)for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.(即使你替我還了債我也不會感謝你,因為它與我毫無關系。)/He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold.(他穿了一件T恤衫,盡管天很冷。)
條件狀語從句通常由if,unless,aslongas等引導,條件狀語從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時間狀語從句不允許使用將來時,而應該用現在時替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.(即將來到的期末考試你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。)/If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking.(如果明天不下雨我們就要去徒步旅行。)
[注意]1、because與so；(al)though與but；if與so不可以同在一個句子中成對出現。
2、時間、條件、原因,讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號與主句隔開。
(4)定語從句：在復合句中作定語用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
①定語從句的位置：放在名詞或代詞的後面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.(手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)
②語法術語的改變：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞；引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關系代詞,where、when、how稱為關系副詞。
③關系代詞或關系副詞的作用：
關系代詞who、whom和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語、賓語和定語。which指物that多指物,有時也指人,它們在從句中可以作主語或賓語。定語從句中關系代詞作從句賓語時可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.(這個就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。) /Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.(請找一間足夠大能住下我們全體的房間。)
關系副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.(這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。)/I can never forget the day when I first saw you.(我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)
④限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致於影響主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.(她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽說過那本書。)
[註解]
1、關系代詞只能用that的情況：
當先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all,anything等),或先行詞部分含有最高級,或含有序數詞時,不能用其他的關系代詞,只能用that.如：All that Lily told me seems untrue.(Lily告訴我的話似乎不真 實。) /Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能給我點裡面沒有糖的東西？) /This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.(這是第一輛運行於我市的雙層公交車。)
2、關系代詞在從句中作主語時一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。
如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?(你認識那個在角落裡哭泣的女人嗎？)/Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.(跟我無關的話,請一個字也不要說。)
3、關系代詞作從句的賓語時,常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關系代詞常常省略。
如：Tom's father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個談話的人。)
4、當關系代詞緊跟在介詞後面時,必須用which或whom,而當介詞移到句尾時,則又可以使用that或who.
如：This is the room in which Miss Lionce lived. (=This is the room Miss Lionce lived in.) (這是李小姐曾經居住過的房間。)
(5)主語從句：在句子中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。位於謂語動詞之前。通常由that,whether以及疑問連詞引導。一般情況下,常用it替代主語從句,而將主語從句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question.(我們該在什麼時候開始還是個問題呢。)
直接引語和間接引語
1、直接引語和間接引語：在陳述句中,直接引用說話人原來的語句,稱為直接引語。在書寫時,直接引語用引號。用自己的詞語來轉述表達原來說話人說的內容,稱為間接引語。
2、直接引語改變為間接引語：
1、直接引語如果是陳述句,變為間接引語時應注意以下各點：
①不用引號,而用連接詞that,但有時可省略。
②人稱作相應變化；
③主句里的動詞如果是過去時,間接引語中的時態一般應作相應改變：一般現在時變一般過去時；一般將來時變過去將來時；現在進行時變過去進行時；現在完成時變成過去完成時；一般過去時變成過去完成時；但一般過去時如與一個具體的過去時間連用,則時態不變。
如：He says,