A. 英語：情態動詞都有哪些它們的意義和用法（主要是在虛擬語氣中的用法）
[編輯本段]定義:
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與不帶to的普通動詞的不定式一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態色彩，表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。
[編輯本段]分類：
情態動詞有四類：
①只做情態動詞：must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情態動詞又可做實義動詞：need,dare
③可做情態動詞又可做助動詞：shall(should),will(would)
④具有情態動詞特徵：have(had) to,used to
[編輯本段]位置:
情態動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前, 謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中, 情態動詞則在主語之前。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看見你，過來吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
你要什麼？
How dare you treat us like that！
你怎能那樣對待我們！
[編輯本段]特點:
情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 情態動詞後面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞後面加 "not"。 個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時態性不強, 可用於過去，現在或將來。情態動詞屬非及物動詞，故沒有被動語態。
He could be here soon.
他很快就來。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我們搬不動那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
對不起，我幫不上你。
基本助動詞與情態助動詞最主要的區別之一是，基本助動詞本身沒有詞義，而情態助動詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關動作或狀態的看法，或表示主觀設想：
What have you been doing since? （構成完成進行體，本身無詞義）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經）
除此之外，情態助動詞還有如下詞法和句法特徵：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情態動詞後面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定片語的話，那麼，所有情態動詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情態助動詞在限定動詞片語總是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情態助動詞用於第三人稱單數現在時的時候，沒有詞形變化，即其詞尾無-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情態動詞沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式和分詞形式，也沒有相應的動名詞：
Still, she needn't have run away.
5） 情態助動詞的「時」的形式並不是時間區別的主要標志。在不少場合，情態助動詞的現在時和過去時形式都可以表示現在、過去或將來時間：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情態助動詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個限定動詞片語中只能出現一個情態助動詞，但有時卻可以與have和be基本助動詞連用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
[編輯本段]用法
首先它是動詞，而且不同於行為動詞，行為動詞表示的是可以通過行為來表達的動作（如寫，讀，跑），而情態動詞只是表達的一種想法（如能，也許，敢）。
用法是：情態動詞+行為動詞原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英語讀這句話。
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語, 只能和其他動詞原形構成謂語。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我們明天能按時去那兒。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？
Shall we begin now?我們現在就開始嗎？
You must obey the school rules.你必須遵守校規。
情態動詞數量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
[編輯本段]功能
助動詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類：基本助動詞(primary auxiliary)和情態助動詞(modal auxiliary)。基本助動詞有三個：do, have和be；情態助動詞有十三個：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述兩類助動詞的共同特徵是，在協助主動詞構成限定動詞片語時，具有作用詞的功能：
1） 構成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2） 構成疑問式或附加疑問式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3） 構成修辭倒裝：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定動詞片語：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
B. 英語語法：I could have fooled you.情態動詞+完成時形成虛擬語氣用法，本來可以作但沒做，但今天人說
could have 是表示 過去可能 talk about possibility 就是might have 的意思 could have 肯定程度更高而已 另外 一個意思是表示 過去可以，版talk about capability 那什麼做了又沒做的說法 不是要你看權到底做了沒再去推測 而是你肯定沒做 你才會推測有可能 你只要想是推測過去 就直接用 would have could have 就是讓你想像和推測過去用的 你管他到底做了沒做 只要你不知道做了沒，是在想像 就用
C. 關於常見類的虛擬語氣與情態動詞的英語單選請辨析
1、 If you had listened to me earlier,you ___ sorry now.
B. wouldn't be錯綜虛擬 從句與過去相反 主句與現在相反
2、I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese,and I said"Ni hao" just as I ____ do in China.
B. might 表示可能性
3、___ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
B. Should you be從句 與將來情況可能相反 萬一。主句是真實句
4、Our holidays were ruined by the weather, so ____ have stayed at home!
A. it was just as well as we B.we might just as well as we
感覺 都不對
答案應該是we might just as well
5、I ____ thank you too much, because without your help my son ____ admitted to his dream university. A.can't; wouldn't have been 前句是真實句
D. 求高人！高中英語，情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法，詳細點
一、條件狀語從句
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況：
從句：If 主語+過去時(Be動詞用were)
主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do
eg：
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
2、表示與過去事實相反的情況
從句：If 主語+had+done
主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done
eg：
If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。
3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測
從句：①if+主語+were to do 主句：①主語+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do
eg：
1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
4、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置於句首，這種多用於書面語。
eg：
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
二、wish 後賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望，謂語動詞用過去式
eg. I wish I had your brains.
我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實：我根本比不上你)
b、表示與過去事實相反的願望，謂語動詞：had+done
eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我那時就知道這件事情的真相。（事實：那時還不知道）
c、表示將來難以實現的願望
謂語動詞：should/would（情態動詞） + 動詞原形
eg. I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了）
(註：if only引導的感嘆句和as if/as though引導的狀語從句也有相同用法）
三、目的狀語從句
1、在for fear that,in case,lest引導的從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should + do。並且 should能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。
2、在so that,in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。
其他用法：
1、一想要(desire一寧願(prefer)一堅持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建議(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態，從句的謂語動詞都用："should + do"。should可以省略。eg：
He suggestedthat we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
insist意為「堅持某種動作」才用虛擬語氣；意為「堅持某種觀點，某個事實」則不用虛擬語氣。
eg：
He insists he is a student.
他堅持說他是個學生。
這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。
suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣，意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。
eg：
His face suggests that he looks worried .
他的表情暗含著他很擔心。
2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wander等。
句型：It is.......that +主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。
eg:
Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
3、 在even if,even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中用may/might+動詞原形，may/might可以省略，表示與現在相反的情況；從句用過去完成時，表示與過去相反的情況，類似的詞有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。
eg：
Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。（事實：他沒來）
4、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為：
指現在或將來：may +do。
eg：
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
不管發生什麼事，我們都要按時完成。
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：
過去 had + done
現在 過去時(be 用were )
將來 過去時(be 用were ) （would rather將來情況用一般過去時）
eg：
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。
6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：「早該做某事了」時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結構為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + do（優先使用動詞過去式），即從句用虛擬過去式。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我該去學校接我的女兒了。
E. 如果他告訴我這件事,我會陪他一起去用英語翻譯中的情態動詞或虛擬語氣怎麼說,提示詞tell
用情態來動詞表源達：If he has told me this thing,I could go with him.
用虛擬語氣表達：If he has told me this thing,I should go with him.
F. 幾道英語時態，語態，虛擬語氣，情態動詞的高中題
1
Years
ago,we
did
not
know
this,but
recent
science
___
that
people
who
don't
sleep
well
soon
get
ill.
A
showed
B
has
showed
C
will
show
D
is
showing
答案是B,為什麼不是A？
看到橫線後面的句子嗎，是一般現在時。而且主語是recent
science
近來的科學。
2.
The
year
2002
___
remarkable
changes
in
shanghai's
landscape.
A
sees
B
has
seen
C
saw
Dhad
seen
答案是C,請解釋並翻譯一下。
主語是The
year
2002
所以用過去式。
3.
I
would
have
finished
the
work
more
quickly,but
I
____
that
you
were
waiting.
A.
hadn't
known
B.
wouldn't
known
C.
haven't
known
D.
don't
known
答案是A,Why?
意思是我本能夠更快一些完成工作，但是我不知道你在等我。你在等用的是過去式，我不知道這個動作發生在你在等之前。
4.
Because
the
shop
___
,
all
the
T-shirts
are
sold
at
half
price.
A
.
has
closed
down
B.
closed
down
C
is
closing
down
D.
had
closed
down
答案是C，為什麼呢？
所有的T恤現在被以半價賣掉，所以這個商店快要倒閉了。
5.
The
dission
_____
alive
when
an
interesting
topic
was
brought
in.
A
was
coming
B.
had
come
C
has
come
D.
came
答案是D,問什麼A
不對。
時間狀語用的是過去式，所以前後時態一致。
6.Now
that
she
is
out
of
job,Lucky
___
going
back
to
school,but
she
hasn't
decided
yet.
A
.
had
considersd
B.
has
been
considering
C.considersd
D.is
going
to
considER
答案是B.
C
哪錯了？
最後半句說她還沒決定，所以說她一直在考慮。現在完成進行時表示從過去的某一點發生，現在還在進行的動作。
7——What
are
you
going
to
do
this
afternoon?
——I'm
going
to
the
cinema
with
som
friends.
The
film
___
quite
early,
so
we
_____
to
the
bookstore
after
that.
A.
finished
;
are
going
B.
finished;
go
C.finishes;
are
going
D.
finishes;
go
答案是C,
第二空「so
we
are
going
to
the
bookstore」
我覺得應該是"so
we
are
going
to
go
to
the
bookstore".對不？
道理上對，但是和前面的重復了，為了避免重復，所以省掉了。依然表示將要去。
8.
Under
more
favorable
conditions,we
_____
better.
A.
could
be
done
B.
could
have
done
C.
should
do
D.
needn't
have
done
答案是B,
我選了C。
因為有more，所以用虛擬語氣。如果沒有more，用C可以。
G. 英語句子情態動詞虛擬語氣
1- It can't have been him
- It must have been Mr.Li
2 第二題不清楚，專看不屬清
3 - He might have been ill
4 It could't have rained last night
5 He would have arrived there
6 We meant to have.
7 You should / ought to have invited me to the evening party
8 If you insist on thinking what you have done is right,
9 Had it not been for his help, it would't have been possible for us to make it so easily
10 How I wish we had taken the measure that Mr. Brown recommended to us !
H. 高分請教英語語法問題！（情態動詞、虛擬語氣）時間緊急~回答得好再加分！
動詞的語氣——虛擬語氣(The Subjunctive Mood)
一、語氣的定義和種類
l、語氣：語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。
2、語氣的種類：
(1)陳述語氣: 表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的，用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：We are not ready. 我們沒准備好。What a fine day it is!多好的天氣啊!
(2)祈使語氣: 表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如: Open the door, please。請打開門。
(3)虛擬語氣: 表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就學英語了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！
二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法
條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況是有可能發生的，就是真實條件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。
如果假設的情況是過去或現在都不存在的，或將來不大可能發生的，則是虛擬條件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。(事實上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。)
在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。現將虛擬條件從句和主句的動詞形式列表如下:
與現在事實相反: 從句: 動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）
主句:would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形
與過去事實相反 : 從句 :had + 過去分詞
主句 :would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去分詞
與將來事實相反 : 從句:動詞過去式，should + 動詞原形，were to + 動詞原形
主句 : would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形
注: 主句中的should只用於I、we，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用於各種人稱。
l、表示與現在事實相反的假設和結果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒 ，一切都沒問題了。
2、表示與過去事實相反的假設和結果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn』t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(不可能)考試不及格。
3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。
4、有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發生的時間不一致（表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣），這時動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間加以調整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你當初聽了醫生的話，身體現在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現在)
5、虛擬條件句可以轉換成下列形式:
(l)省略連詞if。在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。
(2)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。有時假設的情況並不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn』t been for your help) I couldn』t have done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。
假設的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現出來。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn』t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn』t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成……)
6、省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。
(1)省去條件從句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事實是:你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。)
(2)省去主句(常用以表示願望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她沒走就好了!(事實是:她已經走了。)
三、虛擬語氣的其他用法
l、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…"這類句型里，that所引導的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用 「should+動詞原形」結構，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意義。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每個成員知道這些規則。
2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中用法：
(1)在動詞wish後的賓語從句中，表示與現在或過去的事實相反，或對將來的主觀願望，從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對現在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用"had+過去分詞"。如: I wish (wished) I hadn』t spent so much money. 我後悔不該花那麼多錢。(實際上已經花掉)；3)表示對將來的主觀願望:謂語動詞形式為"would+動詞原形"。此時要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現，取決於從句主語的態度或意願(非動物名詞除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但願雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但願你立刻來。
(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等動詞後的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用「should + 動詞原形」，表示建議、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答復我。
3、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法
(1)在帶有even if/ even though引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他都去辦公室。
(2)由as if或as though引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或 「had+過去分詞」。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌
生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。
注:如果表示的事情可能會發生，那麼方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。
(3)在in order that或so that引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用 「could或might（有時也用should）+ 動詞原形」。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生說得很慢，好讓學生聽清楚。
4、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法：在"It is time (that) …"句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來，動詞形式一般用過去式，意思是"該干某事的時候了"。如: It』s (high) time we did our homework. 我們該做作業了。
5、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法
(1)情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，或委婉的語氣，常見於日常會話中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好別太晚睡覺。
(2)在一些習慣表達中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我寧願不告訴你。
(3)用「may + 動詞原形」表示"祝願"、"但願」，此時may須置於句首（多用於正式文體中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快樂！May good luck be yours.祝你順利。
I. 英語虛擬語氣賓語從句中的情態動詞
其實大部分都可以用should 有些特殊的可以根據中文 像wish是希望願望 那就是如果我怎麼樣就 能夠 怎麼樣 而不是should的意思 應該