⑴ 高一必修三英語第一單元的語法知識點（全部）
請參考
http://www.yingyu.com/e/20140606/53912e2e777c1.shtml
⑵ 蘇教版高一英語必修一語法知識點總結
一. 直接引語和間接引語 （一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。 1. 時態的變化：直接引語變為間接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態，即把原來的時態向過去推，也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時，現在進行時變為過去進行時，等等。例如： Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」 →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化： 根據意義進行相應的變化，例如： She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」 →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,「These books are mine.」 →He said that those books were his. （二）直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if；如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked，可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如： She said,「Is your father at home?」 →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. 「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣（即請求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如： She said to us,「Please sit down.」 →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,「Go away!」 →He ordered him to go away. He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」 →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各種時態的被動語態 被動語態概述 被動語態的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被動語態的構成 被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下： 1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t. 7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞 注意： 1．除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如：Their questions haven』t got answered. 2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語，其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別：「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構，與被動語態的形式完全一樣，所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作；系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞，多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者，而後者則不可以。例如： The map was changed by someone.（被動結構） That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表結構） 系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾，被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。 例如： He was very excited.（系表結構） He was much excited by her words.（被動結構） 5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如： These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。 The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。 The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
Unit 11. 片語： add up add up to add… to… add to calm… down have got to be concerned about / with walk the dog cheat … of go through go ahead go by set down set up set off set out a series of on purpose by accident/ chance in order to so as to in order that so as that at sk at dawn at midnight at noon face to face no longer not … any longer settle down suffer from recover from get/ be tired of make a list of list pack… up get along/ on with fall in love be grateful to sb. for sth. join in take part in join attend make sb/ sth + 賓語補足語 have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with it』s because….. +原因 it』s why…. + 結果 dare + (to) do (實義動詞) do (情態動詞) a year and a half it』s no pleasure+ doing sth happen to do sth have trouble with sb (in) doing sth exactly find it + adj. + to do sth make friends with swap … with it is / was + 序數詞 + that + has done / had done ….unit 2片語： because of come up come up with come in come on come out actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality be based on at present make use of make full/ good use of such as play a part/ role in recognize … as more than one + 謂語用單數 at the end of in the end at an end voyage tour travel journey than ever before even if / though communicate with those + 定語從句 用who 1600』s 1980s in + 物主代詞 + 數字的復數 in his forties the former the latter a number of the number of make sense usage VS use believe it or not there is no such + 名詞 （不加冠詞） the way + in which / that /省略 especially specially straight adj/ advunit 3片語： prefer to do , rather than do would rather do , than do would do , rather than do fare VS fee ever since it』s is / has been + 時間段 + since 從句 graate from/ in be fond of cut across cut up cut down care about care for determine to do sth = be determined to do sth change one』s mind make up one』s mind at an altitude of give in give up give off give out give away keep pace with as usual bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth unit 4片語：right away at once immediately burst into laughter/ tears burst out doing sth as if / though in ruins injure wound hurt destroy damage be trapped in dig out bury oneself in doing sth rise raise arise too… to be away it seems as if + 陳述語氣/ 虛擬語氣 act out be pleased / willing/ glad to do sthhonor in honor of be proud of express my thanks to unit 5片語： of high/ good quality devote to + doing found VS set up in principle in peace out of work in work out of control in control vote for vote against be equal to in trouble turn to turn on / off turn up / down lose heart lose one』s heart escape from / + doing sth come to power / in power be sentenced to in one』s opinion fight for / against blow up dream of/ about imagine doing sth the first time for the first time 語法點1. whether VS if 的用法2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth 3. be + doing 表將來4. 定語從句： 只用that 的情況 只用who 的情況 只用which的情況 as VS which the same … as / that… such… as as … as 介詞+ which/ whom which 引導一個句子的用法 非限制性定語從句which 引導一個句子的用法 非限制性定語從句 插入語 I think I believe I guess I thought 間隔式定語從句 Is this car the one he bought last year? Is this the car he bought last year? What 的用法5. will be done be about to be done be to be done be going to be done 6. has/ have been done 7. be being done 加always 表示一種厭煩等語氣8. 強調句 it is + 被強調部分 + that 從句 It is not until + 時間 + that 從句 特殊疑問詞 + is it that 從句 9. 倒裝句 部分否定，含有否定詞的 hardly never little only seldom 等， 把情態動詞，be 動詞， 助動詞提到主語 的前面10. as if , insist suggest request command ,從句用虛擬語氣， 用（should） do 。
⑶ 高一年級英語語法
1 後面接續不同導致意思不同
be used to +doing 習慣做某事
used to +do 過去常常做某事
be used to +do 被用來做某事
例句：
use to 用...來做某事
He uses a knife to cut.
used to do 過去常常做某事
He used to live in London.
be used to do 被用作做某事
Knives are used to cut food. 被動語態
be used to doing 習慣做某事
I'm not used to eating so much at lunch time
2 need做情態動詞時 後面直接加動詞原形 作為情態動詞的「need」的用法與其他情態動詞「can」，「may」，「must」的用法基本相同：在限定動詞片語中總是位居第一，沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式、-ing分詞或-ed分詞等形式；第三人稱單數現在時沒有詞形變化；情態動詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個限定動詞片語中只能有一個情態動詞。疑問句直接把need提前，否定句在need後面加not。 一些例句：
1．You needn't do it again．你不需要再做了。
2．He needn't worry about it．這件事他無需擔心。
3．Need he do this homework first？他需要先做這些作業嗎？
「need」作為實義動詞時，通常用法是：
人＋need ＋to do
物＋need ＋doing
物＋need ＋to be done
另外，「need」後還可以直接跟名詞。請看下面的例子：
1）．We need to tell him the truth．我們需要告訴他真相。
2）．My car needs repairing．我的汽車需要修理。
3）．The flowers need watering．這些花需要澆水。
4）．His leather shoes needs to be mended．他的皮鞋需要修補。
5）. It is aquestion that needs very careful consideraton．這是一個需要慎重考慮的問題。
3 attend, join, participate, take part in
這些動詞或片語均含「參加，加入」之意。
attend〓側重參加或出席會議或學術活動等。
He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他沒有參加會議。
join〓普通用詞，指加入黨派、團體或游戲活動等。
I'll persuade him to join our club.
我將勸他加入我們的俱樂部。
participate〓正式用詞，特指參加團體活動，暗示以一個積極的角色參加。
take part in〓側重參加某項群眾性、集體性的事業、工作或活動，突出參加者在其中發揮一定的作用。
Are you going to take part in the first experiment? 你們會參與首次實驗嗎?
enter for是"報名參加"的意思
報名參加數學競賽(enter for the maths contest)
PS：這是老師給LZ留的作業吧。嘻嘻，還是聽老師的話，去書店買本語法書吧。推薦你一本《初/高中英語基礎知識》。祝學業有成。
⑷ 高一旳英語重點語法昰什麼,.
語法方面：主謂一致，only
引導的半倒裝，定語從句，非限制性定語從句，it
的用法，強調句，v.ing
的用法
基礎知識：每個單元的單詞，片語，短語，句子
⑸ 高一英語必修一語法復習提綱
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 新年快樂哈
一. 直接引語和間接引語
（一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1. 時態的變化：直接引語變為間接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態，即把原來的時態向過去推，也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時，現在進行時變為過去進行時，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化： 根據意義進行相應的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if；如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked，可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣（即請求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下：
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.
7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意：
1．除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如：Their questions haven』t got answered.
2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語，其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別：「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構，與被動語態的形式完全一樣，所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作；系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞，多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者，而後者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.（被動結構）
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表結構）
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾，被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：
He was very excited.（系表結構）
He was much excited by her words.（被動結構）
5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
⑹ 人教版高一英語必修一各個單元的語法知識點
一． 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數（he she it）則動詞要用單三現
二． 現在進行時
1． 說話時正在進行的動作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作，多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中，句子中常常有時間狀語
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的復合結構
1． With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語，如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等，with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1．基本表達式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。（動作還將繼續下去）
3．表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼續等)
4．有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5．大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續下去）
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.（動作已經完成）
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6．表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如：I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡， hate討厭，等。
注意：比較過去時與現在完成時
1．過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2．過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3．現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（強調看的動作發生過了。）
I have seen this film.
（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．過去完成時
1． 概念：表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．現在完成進行時
1．其構成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下：
2． 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重復發生的行動，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身，如：
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6．否定句構成：
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7．一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他
⑺ 高一英語必修二人教版重點知識語法
學好五種基本句型 註：英語中絕大多數句子歸根到底是由基本句子變化而來的。所以，熟練掌專握它們是很屬有必要的
還有三大從句：名詞從句、定語從句、狀語從句。這三大從句基本囊括了高中時期你要認識和讀懂的句子的句子。
其次就是每天除了要學習課堂上老師講的單詞之外，自己再堅持背另外一些，哪怕只有五個。堅持下來，日後你會覺得，他們對你受益匪淺。
⑻ 英語高一語法和句子結構有哪些
先行詞在定語從句中充當主語,賓語,時間,地點,原因狀語.結構：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句.1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它,則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連.非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明,解釋,它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開.1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)關系詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞,這些關系詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點(一)當先行詞有最高級,序數詞修飾,是不定代詞,或是all, no, only等形式時,關系代詞一般用that,而不能用which.1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)當先行詞是表示時間,地點,原因的詞時,關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. I』m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn』t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定語從句的簡化表達：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外,還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語,done短語,being done短語,to be done短語修飾.其結構和意思如下：1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語： 正在做….的人/正在發生的事.2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語： 被…..的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The 「crazy」 gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means 「you have a phone call」 in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be 「the mother river」 runs across China like a huge dragon.總結：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞,不定式的各種形式作定語.1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面.如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語,則可以放在被修飾名詞前面.2. 分詞作定語時,其動作應與全句動作同時發生.V-ing表示主動意義和正在做,V-ed表示被動意義.being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的,to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people』s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_____ plays an important role in people』s lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句.答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析：_____ I worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li,從句完整的表達是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關系詞前應加上介詞with.答案：C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析：定語從句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指「他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因.先行詞在從句中做賓語.答案：A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定語從句_____ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關系,關系詞用whose答案：D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn』t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會,直到1912年才容納女運動員._____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games,指過去的內容,表示被動.用done做定語.答案：C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根據句意房子即將開工._____ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應為The houses The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子.答案：B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根據句意：比如說,我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語.與全句動作同步.答案：B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定語從句__ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children,根據從句中的is判斷,是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作.答案：B【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don』t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【試題答案】1. C Susan 正是我認為作了好事的那位女孩.先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語,同時又是後面賓語從句did the good deed.的主語,所以關系詞不能用whom2. C 定語從句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票.關系詞前面需要加介詞：with3. C定語從句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了.devote….to sth.關系詞前加介詞：to4. A 定語從句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day ：先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會.5. C 短語_____ tomorrow做定語修飾the question,根據表達的內容：明天即將被討論的問題.應當用不定式的被動結構做定語.6. D 短語_____ at the moment做the food的定語,表示：正在做的食物.Being done 做定語表示：正在被……的…….7. C 現在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老師.情態動詞1. 情態動詞的推測表達2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結知識重點：情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用：(一)用情態動詞表達事實的推測.can,could,might,may,must可以用來表達對事實的推測.根據說話人對事實的把握性大小,must表示「肯定…」,may / might / can / could表示「可能……」, must只用於肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 「可能不……」, 而can / could可以用於疑問句,表示「可能,可能……嗎?」,其否定式can』t / couldn』t 表示「不可能」.用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測.對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構.(二)對現在的事實進行推測：主要結構：…must / may / might +動詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I』m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn』t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn』t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can』t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)對過去的事實進行推測：結構：情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn』t have seen Anna yesterday. She』s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情態動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達「本來…」,「不然早就…」.這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法.表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反.表達了說話人的埋怨,後悔的語氣.其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構.根據要表達的意思