A. 表示並列或對稱的關系 and可以用來連接語法作用相同的詞、短語或句子的英語翻
你說的很對,不要求時態,只要求句型一樣
B. 英語一致關系語法的問題
1、bacon and eggs是一個整復體,火腿制煎蛋,不可分割,類似於knife and fork,所以是單數形式
2、董事會在開會。
board of directors是個片語,就是董事會
3、一些表示強烈願望、建議的意思的動詞如suggest、demand後面的從句里是跟動詞原形的
4、has brought意思就變掉了,用過去式描述以前的事情,has to bring是一般時態
has to 是不得不的意思
C. 寫英語作文的時候怎樣才能保持時態一致英語語法有什麼時態分別是怎樣的
時常檢查。英語時態有16種:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、過去將來進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、過去將來完成時、現在完成進行時、過去完成進行時、將來完成進行時、過去將來完成進行時。
(1)一般現在時
基本形式(以do為例):
第三人稱單數:does(主語為非第三人稱單數);
肯定句:主語+動詞原形+其他;
He works for us.
否定句:主語+don『t/doesn't+動詞原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主語+do/does).
否定回答:No,(+主語+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.
(2)一般過去時
be動詞+行為動詞的過去式
否定句式:在行為動詞前加didn『t,同時還原行為動詞,或was/were+not;
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時還原行為動詞
例如: Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.
He worked for us.
(3)一般將來時
am/are/is+going to+do 或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般將來時的表達方法
be going to +動詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+動詞原形
will + 動詞原形;
例如:He is going to work for us.
He will work for us;
He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現在時 表達 將來時態 的例子!!
(4)過去將來時
be(was,were)going to+動詞原形
be(was,were)about to+動詞原形
be(was,were)to+動詞原形
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形~?
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+would(should)not+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形~?
He would work for us.
(5)現在進行時
主語+be+v.ing〔現在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動詞)
表示現在正在進行的動作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.
第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人稱+is+doing+sth
例:He is working.
(6)過去進行時
肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語:Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
(7)將來進行時
主語+will + be +現在分詞
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)過去將來進行時
should(would)+be+現在分詞
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)現在完成時
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他\
He has worked for us for ten years.
Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)過去完成時
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had
否定回答:No,主語+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)
語法判定:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)將來完成時
(shall)will+have+動詞過去分詞
before+將來時間或by+將來時間
before或by the time引導的現在時的從句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)過去將來完成時
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)現在完成進行時
基本與現在完成時相同,但是現在完成進行時只能表示仍然持續的概念
have/has been +-ing 分詞
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)過去完成進行時
had been +-ing 分詞
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)將來完成進行時
主語+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作,現在在工作,將來還會工作)
(16)過去將來完成進行時
should+have been+現在分詞用於第一人稱
would have been+現在分詞用於其他人稱
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(來自文庫)
D. 就近一致在英語語法中哪些地方用到過
在現代英語中主謂一致基本遵循如下原則:語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則。
1. 語法一致原則
語法一致原則就是根據主語的語法形式決定其謂語動詞的語法形式.主語是單數,謂語動詞就用單數形式;主語是復數,謂語動詞就用復數形式。例如:
A letter has been sent to every student.給每個學生寄了一封信.
Two letters have been sent to every student.給每個學生寄了兩封信.
2. 意義一致原則
意義一致原則指主謂語之間的一致關系不是由主語的語法形式來決定,而是由主語所表達的意義來決定.形式是單數的主語,其謂語有可能是復數形式;反之,形式是復數的主語,其謂語有可能是單數形式.例如:
The government have broken all their promises. 政府違背了全部諾言.(指政府中的各部門或成員)
The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. 美國是一個科學技術發達的國家.(美國是由許多的州構成的單一國家)
3. 就近原則
就近原則,指謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語.由neither...nor或either...or連接或者當一個句子是由 there 或here引起,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致.例如:
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屜里有一支鋼筆,幾個信封和一些紙.
Neither she nor I am wet.她和我都沒有被淋濕.
上述三條原則的具體應用比較復雜,下列幾點應予以注意:
1. 謂語動詞用單數的情況
(1) 不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
To become actresses is their ambition. 作演員是她們的雄心.
Nodding often means you say "yes".點頭常常意味著你表示同意.
What I did was to give her a book.我所做的就是給她一本書.
(2) 事件、國名、機構名稱、作品名稱用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
The United Nations was formed in 1945. 聯合國成立於1945年.
The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel. 《三十九級台階》是一本很有意思的小說.
(3)one, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, any, either, neither, one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody 用作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework. 很多學生都不喜歡被迫做作業.
Neither of the two girls is at home.兩個女孩都不在家.
但現在英美也有人在neither of用作主語或修飾主語的句子中用復數形式的謂語動詞.例如:
Neither of the two girls are at home.
(4)表示時間、距離、金錢、體積、數字等的詞語用作主語表示總量時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
Fifteen years represents a long period of his life. 15年代表他一生中一個很長的時期.
(5)單數詞作主語,雖然後接由including, as well as , together with, in addition to, accompanied by等詞連接的其它詞,謂語動詞仍用單數.例如:
Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. 最近金銀的價格上漲了.
(6) a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等詞語修飾主語時,謂語動詞一般根據語法一致原則用單數.例如:
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 已准備好一系列預先錄制的磁帶供語言實驗室使用.
2. 謂語動詞用復數的情況
(1)both, some, few, many, several等詞語用作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用復數.例如:
Few of my classmates really understand me.我的同學中沒有幾位真正理解我.
(2)形容詞前加定冠詞泛指時,謂語動詞用復數.例如:
In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished. 在很多西方電影中,好人有好報,惡人有惡報.
3. 其他情況
(1)由and連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數.例如:
The secretary and the headmaster of the school were present at the meeting.學校的書記和校長都出席了會議.
但當and連接的詞語作整體考慮,或在意義上指同一個人或物時,謂語動詞一般用單數.例如:
The secretary and headmaster of the school was present at the meeting. 學校的書記兼校長出席了會議.
當由and連接的兩個單數名詞前面有each ,every 等詞修飾時,謂語動詞一般用單數.例如:
Each actor and actress was invited. 每一位男演員和女演員都受到了邀請.
一個單數名詞前有由and連接的兩個形容詞修飾時,謂語動詞一般用復數.例如:
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.中國和日本絲綢質量都好.
(2)當or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also連接一個單數主語和一個復數主語時,謂語動詞的數取決於它鄰近的主語的數.例如:
Neither the prices nor the quality has changed. 價格與質量都沒變.
Neither the quality nor the prices have changed. 質量與價格都沒變.
(3)集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數常取決於主語的意義.當主語表示整體時,謂語動詞用單數;當主語強調集體中的個體時,謂語動詞用復數.
The family is the basic unit of the society. 家庭是社會的基本單位.
The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy. 一家人都同意去義大利度假.
這類集體名詞有:people, army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, party, police, public, staff, team等,其中 people, cattle, police常用復數.
(4)一些表示數量的詞語,如a lot of , any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of , all of與名詞連接時,謂語動詞
的數取決於名詞的數.名詞用單數,謂語動詞也用單數,名詞用復數,謂語動詞也用復數.例如:
A lot of my friends are here to celebrate my birthday. 我的很多朋友來這里慶賀我的生日.
Most of the book is interesting.這本書大部分很有意思.
注意當a number of修飾主語時,謂語動詞用復數,而當the number of與名詞連用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數.例如:
A number of students were late for school owing to the storm. 一些學生因暴風雨而遲到.
The number of errors was surprising. 錯誤的數量讓人吃驚.
E. 英語語法里主謂一致的問題
【意義一致原則(Notional Concord)】
I. 集合名詞做主語時:(參見「名詞」部分)
1. 有些通常作復數用(不變詞形)。如:「people , police , cattle (牛,牲口),folk , youth , militia (民兵)」,等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕獲兇手。
2. 有些指「整體」時作單數,指其中的「成員」時作復數(不變詞形)。如 "army , audience(聽眾),class ,club (俱樂部) ,company(公司), committee(委員會) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(員工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one . 我們有個幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 這家人都起得早。
③The public are (is) requested not to litter. 請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。
但上述集合名詞也可有復數形式。如:families , two classes .等。有些變復數形式後意義不同。如:peoples多個民族。 youths男青年。 folks親友。
II. 代詞做主語時:(參見「代詞」部分)
1. 不定代詞"each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+單名)"等常作單數用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每個女孩都有頂新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 兩個計劃都不適合我。
2. 下列復合不定代詞一般作單數用:「someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing 」等。e.g.
①Is everybody here ? 都到齊了嗎?
②There was nothing special then. 那時沒什麼特別情況。
3. 下列不定代詞作復數用:「(a)few ,many ,several, both」等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 沒幾個(客人)是我們熟識的。
②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 兩部影片都有趣。
4下列代詞須視其「具體所指」來決定單、復數:
1)「what ,which ,who ,whose 」等。e.g.
①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是誰?
②Who are League Members .哪些是團員?
2)"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.
①All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的學生)都在用功。
②All (of the paint ) is fine .(這些油漆)都很好。
3)"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )餘下的)",等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。
②Half of the apple is bad .這只蘋果壞了一半。
Ⅲ.「數詞」、「數量、單位」等詞語做主語時:(參見「數詞」部分。)
1. 表示「運算」的數詞通常作單數 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表「時間、距離、金額、度量衡」等的詞語,作「整體」看時作單數用,側重指「若干單位」時作復數用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光陰,彈指一揮間。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他離開已二十個年頭了。
3.「分數、百分數」通常依其「具體所指」來決定單、復數。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只幹完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (許多)/ a variety of (各式各樣) "+復數名詞,常作復數用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 這個班有不少同學來自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。
但是,「the number(數目)/ the variety(種類)」+ of + 復數名詞,作單數。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 這所大學的學生人數翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 這家商店貨物品種豐富。
Ⅳ.單、復數同形或易混的詞做主語時:(參見「名詞」部分)
1.以「-ics」結尾的學科名詞:指教育、科研的某一學科,作單數。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎覺得數學不難。
但是,表「具體的學業、活動」等時,多用作復數。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她數學差。(指「學業成績、能力」)
②What are your politics? 你的政治觀點如何?
2. 「works工廠,means方法,series系列,species物種,aircraft飛機」等名詞單、復數同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復數。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 這(幾)家工廠是兩年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各種辦法都試過了。
這類名詞通常還有「fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), manners(禮貌) ,whereabouts (行蹤), 」等。(但news(消息)是不可數名詞,通常只作單數用。)
Ⅴ. "the + 形容詞/分詞"做主語時:
1. 指「一類」人或事物時,常用作復數用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英國人講英語。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 廢品堆在角落裡。
2.指「某一個」人,或「抽象的」事物時,作單數用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父親。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、進步的事物總是要戰勝舊的東西。
Ⅵ.專用名詞做主語時:
1.「書名、劇名、報刊名、國家名」等通常作單數用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美國成立於1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜譚》很有趣。
2.「書刊名」有時作單數或復數兩可,尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.
Dickens' American Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美國筆記》出版於1842年。
Ⅶ「what等引導的從句」做主語時:
1. 大多作單數用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我們需要的是更多的實踐。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does. 他言行不一致。
2.若從句是含復數意義的並列結構、或「表語」是復數時,謂語動詞用單數或復數兩可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎麼說以及怎麼想,不關我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books. 他所買的是幾本書。
【語法一致原則】
I .主語的「人稱」決定謂語動詞的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她愛好音樂。
②Are your mother a worker? (誤)你母親是工人嗎?
Is your mother a worker? (正)(主語your mother 是單數第三人稱)
II .主語的「數」決定謂語動詞的形式。
1.「不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)」或「從句」等做主語,用單數謂語形式。e.g.
①The work is important . 這項工作重要。
②To serve the country is our ty. 為祖國服務是我們的義務。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他離開的經過和原因是一段傷心的經歷。
2. 復數的名詞、代詞一般接復數謂語形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of . 孩子們得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Cheng . 他們去成都了。
III. 以「and」或「both… and」連接的並列主語:
1.通常作復數用 。e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和湯姆都喜歡醫學。
2. 如果並列主語指的是「同一個」人(事、物、抽象概念),作單數用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come . 這位工人作家來了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠處能看見有一套馬車。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真誠是最好的策略。
3. 「and」前、後的單數詞語都有「each, every ,many ,a ,no」等修飾時,仍作單數用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平等權益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .沒有哪個教師或學生可以免於參加這項活動。
Ⅳ. 主語前、後加表「數、量」等的修飾語時:
1. a)「many a + 單名 」接單數謂語:「a good (great ) many + 復名」接復數謂語。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it . 許多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 許多家長出席了會議。
b)"a / an + 單名+ or two " 大多接單數謂語: "one or two + 復名"接復數謂語。e.g.
①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需說一兩句。
②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一兩條理由。
c)"a / an + 單名+ and a half"常接單數謂語;「one and a half +復名」多接復數謂語。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已過去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已賣了一噸半大米。
d) "more than one + 單名"大多接單數謂語。e.g.
①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一個人缺席。
"more + 復名+ than one "接復數謂語。e.g.
②More students than one have been there . 不止一個學生去過那兒。
"More than two (three…) +復名 " 接復數謂語。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名學生聽了這場音樂會。
2 ,主語前加表示「單位、度量」的短語如「a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of」等時,表示「單位、度量」的這個名詞的單復數決定謂語形式。e.g.
a)①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的紙(書)了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b)①This kind of apple is sweet . 這種蘋果甜。
②This kind of apples is (are) sweet. (大多依 kind ,作單數用 )
③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . (總作復數用)
但:Apples of this kind are sweet. (總作復數用)
3. 主語後接「with…」等構成的短語修飾成分時:謂語仍須與這類短語前的「主語」一致。可構成這類短語的常用「with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than 」等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come . 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅他們,我也願幫助你。
4. "one of + 復數名詞+ 定語從句":
1)定語從句的先行詞通常是這個「復數名詞」,因此從句的謂語用復數形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。(關系詞「that」代「novels」)
②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表揚的男孩之一。
2)若「one」前加「this, the ,the only 」等時,定語從句的關系詞指代one,作從句主語時,接單數謂語。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表揚的。(關系詞who 代 the only one )
F. 在英語的主謂一致的語法一致中,它的實際意義跟它法法在形式上本來就是一樣的,所以語法一致也可不可以理
不可以。主謂一致是指主語的人稱和單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數,另外,決定謂語動詞的形式的還有時間狀語。
英語,首先在語法上要強調主謂一致,然後才是意思。意思正確,形式不正確仍然算錯。
G. 英語中有個就近一致的原則,到底是什麼
跟WITH無關的,with his student(s)就像修飾語一樣,可以不管它,所以前面如果是teachers,就用復數動詞,如果是teacher就用單數動詞。
H. 英語主謂一致的詳細講解。
主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和主語保持一致,主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致,語法一致即謂語動詞在單復數形式上要和主語保持一致,意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復數保持一致,就近一致就是謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。
主謂一致( Subject-Verb Concord )
就其在現代語法中的基本原則而言,通常有三個不同角度的著眼點:1,語法一致 2,意義一致 3,就近原則。
(1)語法一致
主謂一致的原則是指,主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致:
主語是單數形式,謂語也採取單數形式;主語是復數形式,謂語必須採取復數形式。
例如:
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規則。(主語是單數形式,謂語也採取單數形式)
(2)不定式,動名詞,以及從句作主語時應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
Reading often means learning .讀書常意味是學習。
(3)不定代詞及each作主語或是修飾主語時應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒人喜歡運動。
(4)表示國家,機構,事件,作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說。
(5)a series of,a kind of,the number of等與名詞構成名詞短語作主語時看作單數,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
A series of high technology procts has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技產品已在展覽上展出。
(6)由some,several,both,few,many,a number of 等詞修飾主語,或是由它們自身作主語時應看作復數,謂語動詞用復數。
例如:
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.
(7)由and連接兩個主語時,如指同一人或物,謂語用單數;指不同的人或物,謂語用復數.
On the seashore,some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海邊,有些人在打排球,有些人躺著曬太陽.
(8)有些短語,如:a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等後接不可數名詞,或是單數形式的名詞作主語時應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數;但如果後接可數名詞的復數形式作主語時應看作復數,謂語動詞用復數。
例如:
A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然斷電時,那家商店丟失了許多錢.
(9)主語為單數個不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句時,謂語動詞一般用單數。
(10)主語為三單,或習慣用作單數名詞或不可數名詞的詞,如:money,information,clothing等,謂語動詞用單數。
意義一致(Notional Concord )
這一原則是指,從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題.有時主語形式上為單數,但意義上卻是復數,那麼謂語依意義也用復數形式;而有時主語形式上為復數,但意義上卻是單數,那麼謂語依意義亦用單數形式。
(1)當主語後面接由as well as,as much as,accompanied by,including,in addition to,more than,no less than,rather than,together with等引導的片語時,其謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單復數而定。
在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導的片語不影響主語自身的單,復數形式,它們在句子里其實是狀語.也就是說,我們完全可以將這些片語搬到句首或是放到句末去.從表面上我們也可以看出,它們與主語之間有","隔開。
例如:
Petroleum,along with fuel gas,has recently risen in price.目前石油和燃料煤氣的價格上漲了。
(2)表示時間,金錢,距離,體積,重量,面積,數字等詞語作主語時,其意義若是指總量應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數;但如果其意義是指"有多少數量"則應該看作是復數,那麼謂語動詞也應該用復數。
例如:
Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.人們常大約地將四個星期看成一個月。
(3)形容詞前加定冠詞即"the + 形容詞"作主語時,其意義若是指個人或是抽象概念應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數;但如果其意義是指一類人則應該看作是復數,那麼謂語動詞也應該用復數。
例如:
The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative. On the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperience.一方面,青年人常認為老年人保守;另一方面,老年人總是認為青年人沒有經驗。
(4)當and連接兩個並列主語在意義上指同一人,同一物,同一事或者同一概念時,應看作單數,謂語動詞用單數.另外,當and 連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數形式的主語時,其實是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應該看作是復數,那麼謂語動詞也應該用復數。
例如:
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 戰爭與和平是一個歷史上的永恆的主題.
(5)集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數取決於主語的意義:主語表示整體時視為單數,謂語動詞用單數;主語表示集體中的個體成員時視為復數,謂語動詞用復數.這類集體名詞常見的有:
army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成復數形式.
例如:
The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜歡足球.
就近原則(Principle of Proximity )
這一原則是指,謂語動詞的人稱和數常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致.常出現在這類句子中的連詞有:or,either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他們要對那件事的結局負責任。
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的話,也不是那不友好的態度讓我沮喪。
1、並列結構作主語時的主謂一致
由and 連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞一般根據語法一致的原則用復數。
如:
A young man and a girl want to go there.一個青年男子和一個姑娘想去那裡。
2、但如果在意義上指同一個人,同一件事或同一個概念時,謂語動詞要用單數形式.如:
A needle and thread was found on the floor.在地板上找到了針線(穿了線的針)。
當each ...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...結構作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式.
如:
No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上沒發現人和動物。
3、一個單數名詞同時被兩個不同的形容詞修飾,表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞一
般用復數.
如:
Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和現代史是我們目前學習的課程。
但如果表示的是同一概念時應用單數。
如:
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.14課是最後一課也是最難的一課。
4、由not only... but also ...,either...or ...,neither... nor...,... or...連接的並列主語,謂語動詞通常依就近一致原則決定.
如:
Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.不是運動員就是教練應該對這次比賽的失利負責。
5、當主語由as well as,along with,together with,ratherthan,no less than,but,except,besides,in additionto,like,including等詞連接時,其謂語動詞的單復數形式通常由前面的詞來決定。
如:
An iron and steal works,with some satellite factories. is to be built here.在這里將建立一個鋼鐵廠和一些衛星廠。
I. 英語語法 一致習題解析
第一個與the only one一致
第二個中none也是單數,相當於no one
J. 英語一致關系習題求解!急!
1.I don't swim now,but I__when I was a kid.
A.used to it B.used to doing it C.used to D.used to do 答案為什麼選C而不能是D?
解釋:used to do 過去常常做某事,在這里選C 是為了避免重復用的一種省略現象。注意省略時只需保留不定式符號to即可。
2.It is reported that__adopted children want to kow who their naturai parents are.
A.the most B.most of C.most D.the most of為什麼答案選C而不能是B?
most +復數名詞=most of+the+復數名詞
3.Orlando,a city in Florida,__for its main attraction Magic Kingdom. A.which is well known B.is well known C.well known D.being well kown這個題的答案為什麼是B而不能選C?
這里需要謂語動詞的形式。而C well known實際上是形容詞不能單獨作謂語。
以...而聞名 be well know for sth.
4.A good setof tires__to last at least twenty thousand miles. A.is supposed B.are supposed C.supposed D.suppose 答案為什麼用A?謂語動詞是單數的形式?
a set of一套,a pair of一幅這樣的片語作主語時要根據set,pair這些計量單位的單復數來確定謂語動詞的單復數形式。
Two pairs of shoes are on the floor.
A pair of shoes is on the floor.
5.No sound an no voice__for a long while. A.are heard B.is heard C.have heard D.has heard 答案為什麼選B,而不是D?for a long while不能用於完成時嗎?
D項如果改為被動語態就對了。因為聲音是被聽到的。
6.The linebacker and captain of the team__most valuable player. A.have been selected B.has been selected C.have selected D.has selected 為什麼答案選B?謂語用Has而不是have?the linebacker and captain不是復數嗎?
這是主謂一致的語法,兩個名詞前有一個冠詞修飾,表示一個人,謂語動詞用單數。如果有兩個冠詞修飾就是兩個人,謂語動詞就用復數。
The poet and the writer are coming here tomorrow.那個詩人和那個作家明天要來。
The poet and writer is coming here tomorrow.那個詩人兼作家明天要來。
7.The nation wats peace,only a minority__the war to continue. A.want B,wants C.wanted D.has wanted 答案為什麼選A而不是B?名詞前有only修飾,且為單數,為什麼謂語動詞不用單數形式wants?而是want?
a minortiy 在這里表示a minority of people所以用復數。
8.Although his many examples were all ringht,the remainder__not exact.
A,is B,are C.was D.were 答案為什麼選D?而不是C?
the remainder=the rest 作主語時,謂語動詞要看其代表的意思來決定,這里表示the remaider of his examples,所以用復數。
9.I know you think I am talking in the United States,over 30__spent on advertisement each year. A.you would realize that I had been right
B.you will realize that I was right
C.you will realizing that I habe been right
D.you have realizing that I am right 答案為什麼選C?而不是B?
C項答案抄錯了吧?是否應該是you will realize that i have been right
後面的時間狀語each year要求用現在時態,不會用過去時態的。我覺得題干似乎也有錯誤。
10. There is always a possibility that he infection will return,but so far there__been no signs of trouble. A.has B.have C.are D.had 答案為什麼是B而不是A呢?因為是 no signs 所以謂語動詞應該用單數不對嗎?
there be 句型中要根據緊跟的名詞來取決動詞的單復數。
signs是復數,所以用there have been
你把主謂一致的語法再系統的學學,然後再做題就感覺容易了。加油!!!