① 求英語中全部的時態語法及其例句。謝謝!
1. 現在一般時與現在完成時
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)
I have come from Shanghai(從上海來)
2) You read very well. (強調能力)
You've read very well. (強調一次剛完成的動作)
3) I forget.(一時想不起來了)
I have forgotten.(仍沒想起來,可能已回憶起來了)
4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態)
The book has been written in simple English.(表動態,已用英語寫成)
5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (兩個動作不可能同時進行)Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (強調兩個動作同時進行)
6) He is gone. (強調狀態)He has gone (強調動作和時間)
7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出開始時)
He won't come till the play has begun.(戲已開始)
8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. (兩個動作緊密相接)
After I have left school, I'll go to college.(強調畢業後,兩個動作可能有間隔)
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣,後一句是美國英語)
10) Where are you? (在哪)Where have you been?(去了哪)
2. 現在一般時與現在進行時
1) He works hard.(強調始終如一)He is working hard.(強調現在)
2) What do you do? (干什麼工作的)What are you doing?(在干什麼)
3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰)
The bus is coming.(汽車到來的情景)
4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差點把他的名字忘了)
5) You don't eat much. (強調胃口不大)
You're not eating much.(你怎麼不吃呀)
6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比較固定,不宜改變)
The match is starting at 7 o'clock.(可以改變)
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿,責備)
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區別不大,後者更生動)
9) I tell you.(我可以告訴你)
I'm telling you.(我告訴你吧,有感情色彩)
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(後者意味著整個下午都睡掉了)
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等於命令)
I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉轉)
12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你說些什麼呀,表說話人驚訝,不滿)
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強調結果) I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強調過程,逐漸感到)
13) Apples cost more these days.(強調事實)
Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴)
14) He always thinks of others.
He's always thinking of others.(表示贊揚)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強調兩個動作有先後) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強調兩個動作同時進行)
16) I hope you'll give us some advice.
I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉)
17) I must go. (我應該去)I must be going.(我該走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(進餐已開始)
3. 現在完成時與過去一般時
1) I've seen him this morning.(還在上午的時間里)
I saw him this morning.(時間已不在上午了)
2) Who's opened the window? (窗戶還在開著)
Who opened the window? (與現在無關,窗戶可能已關上)
3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是愛唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾聽過他唱歌嗎,他可能是歌唱家)
4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你聽過這種事嗎)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?(這種事, 你聽說過嗎? 是一個修辭性問題,表示驚異。)
5) What have I done to make you so angry? (對方仍生氣)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一過去的時間,可能對方已不生氣了。)
6) How has he done it? (他這活乾的怎麼樣?強調結果)
How did he do it?(他是怎麼干這活的?強調幹活的方式)
7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在紐約)
He lived in New York for eight years.(他可能不在人世了)
8) He has been called a thinker.
He was called a thinker.(他曾被譽為思想家)
9) You've heard what I said. (你聽見我的話了)
You heard what I said.(你是聽見我的話的,口氣嚴厲,具有感情色彩。)
10) I've lost my pen. (筆還沒找到)I lost my pen.(筆可能找到了)
11) He has already been there. (曾去過哪)
He was already there.(當時在哪)
12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.(生病還在延續)Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了)
13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了,休息後是否好些了)
Did you sleep well?(暗示睡的是否舒服,滿意)
4. 過去完成時與過去一般時
1) I came here after I finished middle school.(兩個動作每間隔)
I came here after I had finished middle school.(兩個動作有間隔,強調先後概念)
2) I waited till I saw him.
I waited till I had seen him. (這兩個句子差不多,過去完成時更普遍)
3) We hoped he would come.(我們希望他來)
We had hoped he would come.(我們本希望他來的)
4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具體一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,現在可能不唱了)
5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我來此以前在當兵)
Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我來此以前,曾當過兵)
6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在說話時仍很結實) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim說話之前曾結實過)
7) They were friends from many years.(表示現在還是朋友)
They had been friends for many years.(意味這友誼結束了)
8) He did the work at 6.(強調時間)
He had done the work at 6. (6點工作已做完)
9) I learned French ring my holiday.(強調學了)
I had learned French ring my holiday. (強調學會了)
10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱著坐下)
When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)
11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明確)
I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作業做完)
12) I have lived here since I was a child.(從我長大成人)
I have lived here since I had a child.(從我孩提時)
5. 過去進行時與過去一般時
1) I read a book yesterday. (書已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday.(書尚未看完)
2) The guests arrived.(客人已到)
The guests were arriving.(客人陸續到達)
3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)
4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)
5) John told me about it.(告訴我了,我都知道了)
John was telling me about it.(跟我談起過,我想了解更多的事情)
6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已經說服)
They were persuading me to go along with them.(還在勸說)
7) The wind blew hard all night.(強調事實)
The wind was blowing hard all night.(強調風刮個不停)
8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客氣,表示可能等了很舊了)
9) He knocked at the door.(強調一次性)
He was knocking at the door.(強調多次性)
6. 將來一般時與現在進行時
1) Will he come? Is he coming?(時間發生的比較近)
2) How long will you stay hear? (表示意願)
How long will you stay here?(表示打算)
3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定)
She's going to have a baby.(表示推測,計劃)
4) I'll see him this evening.(表示意願)
I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)
7. 現在一般時與過去一般式
1) Do you wish to see me?
Did you wish to see me?(表示婉轉客氣)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的話就這些)
That's all I had to say.(我要說的就這些)
3) How do you like the film? (看電影過程中)
How did you like the film?(看完電影後)
4) It is nice to see you.(見面時說)
It was so nice to see you.(離別時說)
5) I never like him. (沒時間性)
I never liked him.(從來沒喜歡過)
6) I think I know that voice.(沒見客人時)
I thought I know that voice.(見到客人時,證明自己正確或錯誤)
7) Who is that? (哪人還在)
Who was that?(人已不在場了)
8) This cake is made at home. (家裡常做這種蛋糕)
This cake was made at home.(這種蛋糕是自家做的)
8.現在完成時與現在完成進行時
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了電話)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打電話)
2) I've read the novel.(已讀完)
I've been reading the novel.(還沒讀完)
3) He has lived here for six weeks.
e has been living here for six weeks. (區別不大,後者更口語化)
4) Have you met her lately?
Have you been meeting her lately?(強調動作的重復,經常見面)
5) Who's eaten my apples? ( 蘋果沒有了)
Who's been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿)
9.現在一般時與過去完成時
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實相反)
(經常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
② 英語語法的八種時態的構成及例句
一般現在時定義:一般現在時表示現在經常反復發生的動作、存在的狀態或習慣回性的動作的時態.構成:一般現答在時用行為動詞的原形,但第三人稱單數作主語時,動詞的詞尾要加-S.(一般的動詞詞尾+S.以sh/ch/s/x結尾的詞+es....
③ 英語語法的八種時態的構成及例句
一般現在時定義:一般現在時表示現在經常反復發生的動作、存在的狀態或習慣性的動作的時態。構成:一般現在時用行為動詞的原形,但第三人稱單數作主語時,動詞的詞尾要加-S。(一般的動詞詞尾+S。以sh/ch/s/x結尾的詞+es.以輔音字母Y結尾的把Y變成i,+es。輔音字母+o結尾的+es.) 形式:主語+動詞原形+賓語例句:The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。 Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位於華東。現在進行時 現在進行時由"be+v-ing"構成。be應為助動詞,初學者最容易漏掉,它應與主語的人稱和數保持一致。例句: We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。Mr. Green is writing another novel. 格林先生正在寫另一本小說。一般過去時構成was/were I were a student two years ago.兩年前我是個學生。did not+v I didn't go home yesterday.我昨天沒有回家。v+ed I wrote to him just now.我剛才寫信給他。過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行或發生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者與when, while, as引導的過去時間狀語連用。例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什麼? 一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態,其表達形式除了「shall(第一人稱),will(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形構成」外,例句:I shall go.我要走了。You will win.你將贏得勝利。還有以下幾種形式。 1)「to be going to+動詞原形」表示即將發生的或最近打算進行的事。例如: ①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 ②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會。 2)go, come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等可用進行時態表示按計劃即將發生的動作,例如: I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。 3)「be to+動詞原形」表示按計劃要發生的事或徵求對方意見。例如: ①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續干嗎? ②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學。 4)「be about to+動詞原形」表示即將發生的動作,意為:很快,馬上。後面一般不跟時間狀語。例如: We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。 5)某些詞,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay 等的一般現在時也可表示將來。 ①The meeting starts at five o'clock.會議五點開始。 ②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車。現在完成時的用法 主語+have(has)+過去分詞(done) 例句:I have finished my homework.我已經完成了作業。I have waited for you for three hours.我已經等了你三個小時。過去完成時 概念:表示過去的過去其構成是主語+had +過去分詞。那時以前 那時 現在 例句:We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.到上個月底為止我已經學了五千個單詞。He told me that he had passed the exam.他告訴我他已通過考試。現在完成進行時謂語動詞構成 I/ we/ you/ they have been workinghe/ she/ it has been working例句:I have been learning English since three years ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。(動作還將繼續下去)I have been writing a book.(動作還將繼續下去)我一直在寫一本書。
④ 求英語語法時態的幾個典型句子
英語18種時態及例句
時態(Tense)是表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此,當我們說時態結構的時候,指的是相應時態下的動詞形式。
英語時態分為16種:一般現在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時,以及這四者的進行時、完成時和完成進行時。在這里,我們重點講解一下最常見的11種時態的用法和注意事項。
1. 一般現在時:小學就開始學這個,大家都會吧,有幾點強調一下我們就走。
A) 表示現在發生的動作、情況、狀態和特徵。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.
B) 習慣用語:這個要在平時自己積累,因為習語太多,我不做過多解釋。
Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.
口語中常說believe it or not,意思是:「信不信由你」,「我說的是真的」。believe it or not是一個固定說法,相當一個插入語,短語中的believe沒有詞形變化。這點要注意,以後會教你們動名詞的用法,到時候會牽涉到主語的問題。
C) 經常性、習慣性動作。
Ie:He always helps others. (他總是幫助別人。)
D) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前後文不是一般現在時,則無法保持主句、從句時態一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.這個句子要注意,到了以後的定語從句經常會有這樣的問題,具體細節到時候在說,不過你們要先有這樣的概念:客觀事實無論謂語的時態是什麼都用一般現在時。
E) 表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作,(僅限於某些表示「來、去、動、停、開始、結束、繼續」等的動詞 )可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是:飛機、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。
ex: When does the plan leave?這個句子注意一下,就是這么用的,有人會注意到這樣的問題: The plane leaves at 3 o』clock this afternoon.為什麼不用將來時,對了,很奇怪,但就是這么用的。
F) 在時間和條件狀語從句里經常用一般現在(有時也用現在完成時)表示將來事情。
Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成時,往下看會出現)
2. 現在進行時(be doing) 的用法:上了初一就教這個吧,比一般現在還簡單。表示現在正在做的動作,但要注意有的動詞不能用於進行時,這類詞稱為短暫性動詞,如,open, borrow等等,在完成時態常常會碰到,平時要注意積累。
3. 現在完成時(have done):重要考點,初二以後幾乎都是完成時態。
A) 表示動作到現在為止已經完成或剛剛完成。
ex: I have just finished my homework.
B) 表示從過去某時刻開始,持續到現在的動作或情況,並且有可能會繼續延續下去。此時經常用延續性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點,或for加一段時間,或by加一個現在時間。這里聯系進行時,他們都一樣,不能用短暫性動詞,★★★☆☆考點。
C) 表示發生在過去,但對現在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意:
A) 現在完成時是聯系過去和現在的紐帶。現在完成時和過去時的區別在於:現在完成時強調動作的動態,或受動態的影響,是動態的結果,對現在有影響;過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發生的動作,與現在沒有聯系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經在那家醫院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實,他現在已經不在那家醫院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經在那家醫院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作,一直工作到現在,現在仍在那家醫院工作。)
B) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時,有動態和延續性的特點,所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過去分詞做表語表示狀態,可以延續)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(終端動詞)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時。
例:This is the second time that the procts of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產品第二次參加國際展覽會。)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時態都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經10年了。)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成時。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過那位教授。)
4. 現在完成進行時(have been doing):和現在進行時很像
1) 用法:表示某一動作開始於過去某一時間,延續或重復地出現至今,或將繼續延續至將來。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個項目,已經花了一個多月時間了。)
2) 注意事項:與現在完成時相比,現在完成進行時更強調:在從過去到現在的時間里,動作或狀態一直持續或一直反復出現。
5. 一般過去時
A) 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況。
ex:I went to Beijing last year.
B) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型,本身表示的就是過去時。
ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的區別,used to表過去常常,be used to 表示習慣於,前者to是不定式符號,後者則是介詞,後接名詞、動名詞、代詞)
C) 有時可代替一般現在時,表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
Could you pass me the pen?
注意:
A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應該是表示過去某個時間的詞或片語,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因為這樣的時間狀語都與現在有關系,應該用現在完成時或一般現在時。注意,到了初二將會是★★★★☆考點,不會不行,逃不了的,幾乎每次都考。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別:你怎麼寫都正確。以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對。
6. 過去完成時(had done)
用法:表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。就是我們常說的:表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態"。
畫一條時間軸過去完成__●_一般過去_◇_一般現在___○______
2) 注意事項:「過去的過去」這種邏輯關系常通過上下文體現出來,而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。
ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.
7. 過去將來時(would/ should do) 表示從過去的某個時間看將要發生的事。其實和將來時沒什麼區別啦。
ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.賓從、直引經常碰到這樣的例子,注意。
8. 過去進行時(was/ were doing)
A) 表示在過去一個比較具體的時間正在發生的動作。
ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
B) 如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時,則另一個句子常用過去進行時。
ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.
9. 一般將來時
A) 基本結構是will / shall do。古英語認為will用於第二、三人稱,shall用於第一人稱,但後來沒做硬性規定,will比較常用。I will be home at 10.
B) 有些動詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用於一般進行時,並且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用,可以表示將來時。初一接觸比較多的是be going to,後面的包括will/shall到了後來才出現,其他如sleep很少見,初中階段我幾乎沒見過sleep這么用的,leave, come, arrive也常見
ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.
C) 表示「即將、正要」時,可用be about to do。強調近期內或馬上要做的事,後常與when連用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.
D)"be to do"的5種用法:
a) 表示「按計劃、安排即將發生某事或打算做某事」。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准會在實驗室見到她。)
b) 該做或不該做的事情(語氣上接近於should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規勸性語氣。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺,不準吵鬧。我們的客人5分鍾之內就要到了。)
c) 能或不能發生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎麼可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d) 不可避免將要發生的事情,後來將要發生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to關鍵的一點是:attend表示「處理,解決」時是不及物動詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應該用將來時的被動語態。答案是B。
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:「如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來增加農業產量。」
E) 同樣可以表示「正要、將要」的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.
注意:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導的狀語從句,一般用現在時代替將來時。強調延續性或動態時,可用完成時。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候,他的身體已經好多了。)
10. 將來進行時(will be doing) 調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情。
ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
11. 將來完成時(will have done) 表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態,或是發生在某個將來時間,但對其後的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態。就好象把現在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現在有關,變成了和將來及將來的將來有關。
ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.
⑤ 求英語16種時態例句及其規則
英語的時態是靠動詞的變化和時間狀語來表達的。英語中的時態共有十六種,但是常考的或較常用的只有8種,而且重點測試完成時態。 要掌握英語的時態和語態,必須掌握好英語中的助動詞(do, be, have)和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。
1、一般現在時
主要用來表示人、事物的現在狀況和特點;表示經常或習慣性的動作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語; 表示客觀規律和永恆真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o』clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考點一:表示永恆的真理,即使出現在過去的語境中,仍用一般現在時。如:
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替一般將來時;常用的引導詞有:
時間:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 條件:if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考點三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +賓語從句, 從句用一般現在時代替一般將來時。
So long as he works hard, I don』t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什麼時候做完試驗。
考點四:在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現在時。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2、現在進行時
表說話時或目前一段時間內正在進行的活動:或表感情色彩,加強語氣。與頻率副詞,如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考點一:在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don\'t wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考點二: 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作(這時多有表示將來的時間狀語)。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3、現在完成時
表示動作發生在過去,完成在過去,但強調與現在情況仍有聯系,其結果或影響仍存在。現在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語:
考點一:for + 時間段;since + 時間點
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考點二:常見的不確定的時間狀語:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet?
考點三:在表示「最近幾世紀/ 年/ 月以來……」時間狀語中,謂語動詞用現在完成時。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; ring the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考點四:表示「第幾次做某事,」或在 「It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 +that」 後面跟現在完成時。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
4.一般過去時
表在過去某個特定時間發生且完成的動作,或過去習慣性動作,不強調對現在的影響,只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; ring the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:
考點一:used to + do,表示過去經常但現在已不再維持的習慣動作。to為不定式,後接動詞原形。
be/become/get used to + doing,表示習慣於
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替過去將來時。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 過去進行時
表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內正在發生的動作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 過去完成時
表示過去某個時間之前已經完成的動作,即過去完成時的動作發生在「過去的過去」,句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語,這種時態從來不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考點一:用於hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主謂倒裝)
考點二:表示「第幾次做某事」,主句用過去時,從句用過去完成時。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted。
考點三:動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時,表示未實現的願望、打算和意圖。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般將來時
表在將來某個時間會發生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用,其表現形式多達5種。
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考點一:一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中:
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般將來時,從句中一定要用一般現在時替代一般將來時。)
考點二:某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用現在進行時形式表示將來。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考點三:「祈使句 + and/or + 句子」,這種結構中and後面的句子謂語用一般將來時。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考點四:「am (is, are) going to + 動詞原形」,表示打算要做的事或可能要發生的事。
「am (is, are) about to + 動詞原形」表示按照預定計劃或打算準備著手進行的動作。
「am (is, are) to + 動詞原形」表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
8、將來進行時
表將來某個時間正在發生的動作,或按計劃一定會發生的事情。
I』ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫作業。
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
9、將來完成時
表在將來某時刻之前業已完成的事情,時間狀語非常明顯。
考點一:常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o』clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導的副詞從句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,將來完成時則由現在完成時表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
參考資料:http://post..com/f?kz=123811530
⑥ 初中英語八大時態總結。要有例句。說清楚點。
1、一般現在時:概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
標志性時間狀語:
Always(總是), usually(通常), often(經常), sometimes(有時候), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ……
基本結構:當主語是第三人稱單數時 當主語不是第三人稱單數時;
肯定句 主語+動詞單三+其他 肯定句主語+動詞原形+其他;
否定句 主語+doesn』t+動詞原形+其他 否定句主語+don』t+動詞原形+其他;
一般疑問句 Does+主語+動詞原形+其他 一般疑問句 Do+主語+動詞原形+其他;
肯定回答 Yes,主語+does 肯定回答 Yes,主語+do;
否定回答 No,主語+doesn』t 否定回答 No,主語+don』t;
特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑問句
例句: I never get up early on Sundays.
2、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
標志性時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time……
基本結構:主語+動詞過去式+其他;
否定形式did+not+do+其他;
一般疑問句did+主語+do+其他?
例句: I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens
3、現在進行時:
概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
標志性時間狀語:now, at this time(在這一刻), these days……
基本結構:am/is/are+doing;
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing;
一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
例句:He is practicing his guitar.他正在練習他的吉他。
4、過去進行時:
概念:(1)表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
(2)表示一個動作正在進行時,另一個動作突然發生了。
標志性時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time(在那一刻)或以when、while引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構:was/were+doing;
否定形式:was/were + not + doing;
一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
While與when
(1)用while連接(while只接doing)
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續動作時態一致)
(2)when表示(when可以接doing或did,when後動作時間長,用doing,時間短,用did)
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達了具體時間)。
例句: I was having breakfast when the telephone rang。
5、現在完成時:
概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
標志性時間狀語:recently, lately, since(自從)…,for(長達)…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done);
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他;
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或片語+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)?
例句: I have just received a letter from my brother.
6、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某時間為標准,在此前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
標志性時間狀語: after,when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before, by the end of(到…為止) last year(term, month…)……
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done);
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他;
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他;
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had。
否定回答:No,主語+had not .
例句: The children ran away after they had broken the window.
As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it .
7、一般將來時:
概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
標志性時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow……
基本結構:
①am/is/are/going to + do;
②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn』t,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
例句: I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.
註:將來進行時will be doing 將來某時刻正在進行。
(用將來進行時提問更加客氣,禮貌。能用will be doing 都能換成will do 表達。但語氣、含義稍有不同)
例句: Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers』 Club.
8、過去將來時:
概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
標志性時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結構:
①was/were/going to + do;
②would/should + do.
否定形式:
①was/were/not + going to + do;
②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:
①was或were放於句首;
②would/should 提到句首。
一般過去將來時常用在間接引語中。
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑問句。
例句:She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.他說過瓊斯先生現在要見你。
⑦ 英語常用的N種時態,要有例句
初中英語動詞時態
1、一般現在時
主要用於下面幾情況:
1) 描述當前時間內經常出現、反復發生的動作或存在的狀態。
在這種情景中,句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的動作或狀態是習慣性的、經常性的。例如:
They raise cks as a sideline .他們以養鴨為副業。
She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家裡寫信,僅一月一封而已。
I cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。
It seldom rains here .這兒很少下雨。
2)僅為了描述狀態、性質、特徵、能力等等。
這里的目的是為了"描述現階段的動作或狀態",其重點"不是強調動作發生的時間、或進行的狀態"。例如:
He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。
That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世界上最長的河流之一。
She majors in music .她主修音樂。
All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂於助人。
3) 陳述客觀事實、客觀真理。
顧名思義,客觀的情況是"沒有時間概念"的;也"不會在意動作進行的狀態"。例如:
The sun rises in the east .日出東方。
The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉。
Ten minus two is eight.十減二等於八。
Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位於太平洋西岸。
4) 根據英文語法規定,當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那麼時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現在時來表示將來要發生的動作。例如:
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時,我將告訴他這個消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受這份工作,他們將和你談談細節。
用於一般現在時的副詞,除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外,常見的還有:now, today , nowadays等等。
2、一般過去時
主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發生的動作或存在的狀態。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經常發生的習慣性動作。這一點在表達意義上與一般現在時相同,只是所在的時間區域不同而已。由於它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般過去時的句子里常常有一個意義較具體的過去時間狀語。這也是它與現在完成時的最大區別之一。
一般過去時由謂語動詞的過去式表示,也就是說動詞詞末要加-ed(除不規則動詞外)。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有:last night (week ,
month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
使用一般過去時,在某種意義上說就是要強調動作或狀態發生或存在於過去的某個時候。"過去"的時間概念有兩層意思:一是指"現在某個時間"以前的時間;二是指"說話、寫文章的那個時間點"以前的時間,在這個意義上,"現在的那個時間點"是很小很小的,甚至於小到無法量化的程度。例如:
He got his driving license last month. 他上個月拿到了駕照。
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪裡?
--He just went out.他剛剛出去。
3、一般將來時
主要用來描述將要發生的動作或存在於未來的情況。這里所說的"將來時間"是指"說話、寫文章那一刻以後的時間"。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種:
1)shall / will + 動詞原形這種表示方法是說,動作在現在或目前還未發生,要在將來的某個時間內發生;它沒有主觀性,是"純粹的將來動作"。例如:
I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。
He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達這里。
2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式
這種表示方法主要是說明A)"說話人的意圖、打算";B)"某種可能性" 。例如:
A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。
Who is going to speak first? 誰先發言?
B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集資料嗎?
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去紐西蘭,你會喜歡上那個地方的。
3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鍾情況:
按計劃安排要發生的動作,這個動作發生的時間一般不會很遠; 要求或命令他人做某事。例如:
A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新橋三天後通車。
The factory is to go into proction before National Day. 這家工廠國慶節前投產。
B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。
You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你媽回來之前你不要出去。
4) 用一般現在時或現在進行時(限於某些動詞)表示按計劃安排要發生的事。這種表示方法實際上已經在上面"一般現在時之4)"中談過。主要強調"按計劃安排要發生的事"。例如:
Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎?
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飛機上午十一點起飛。
Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周動身去紐約。
4、過去將來時
表示過去的某時以後將要發生的動作。但這個"將來"時間絕不會延伸到"現在";而僅限於"過去時間區域內"。由此可以看出,含這個時態的句子常帶一個表示"過去某個時間點"的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語,或是一個句子。這個時態常用於:
A)賓語從句或間接引語中;B)表示過去習慣性的動作;C)表示過去情況中的"願望"、"傾向",多用於否定句。例如:
A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當我考慮這件事時,我想知道他們的反應是什麼。
She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我,她第二天要去歐洲旅行。
He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會全在那兒。
B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時間,他每天早鍛煉。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什麼時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務活。
C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難,他總會堅持不懈地把它幹完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發生這樣的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結束之後,聽眾仍不肯離去。
5、現在進行時
主要用來描述"說話、寫文章的當刻"正在發生的動作,或是"現階段"一直在進行的動作。它適用於下面的情況:
1)"說話、寫文章的當刻"正在發生的動作。例如:
They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。
She is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學期論文。
Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話。
2)"現階段"一直在進行的動作。這種情況並不是說某個動作在說話的那會兒正在發生,而是說某個動作在當前一段時間內一直在進行著,或是重復地發生著。例如:
He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學英語六級考試作準備。
How are you getting along with your new job? 你那份新工作幹得怎麼樣?
3)表示說話人的情感,如:贊許、批評;喜歡、厭惡等。這時的動作並不是正在發生或進行,而是表示經常性,相當於"一般現在時"所描述的情況。例如:
He is always thinking of others , not of himself . (表示贊許)他總是為他人著想,而不為自己。
She is often doing well at school. (表示滿意)她在學校學習挺不錯的。
Are you feeling better today? (表示親切)你今天覺得好一些嗎?
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不滿)我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their procts to us .(表示不喜歡) 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產品。
4)表示在近期按計劃或安排要發生的動作,用於這種情況僅限於少量的動詞,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進餐,尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿,戴 ) 等。例如:
I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報告。
We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎?
6、過去進行時
主要表示在過去的某個時間點上正在發生、進行的動作。由於它的定義是表示在過去的某個時間點上正在發生、進行的動作,所以,句子常帶有一個表示"過去某個時間點"的狀語。這個狀語可能是短語,片語,或是一個從句。也可能是通過上下文來表達這層意思。過去進行時主要用於下面的情景中:
1)表示在過去某時刻正在進行的動作,例如:
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個時候,我正在收拾東西去露營。
When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我來看她的時候,她正在寫一篇文章。
What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點鍾你在做什麼?
2)用於故事的開頭,交代故事發生的背景情況。
過去進行時所描述的動作是"正在進行",所以,在這種情景中用"過去進行時"可以給讀者一種"動感",從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如:
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在書房裡打字。突然,一個人闖進屋來,切斷了電源……
3)(僅限少數動詞)表示在過去的未來時間要發生的動作。例如:
When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .國慶節即將來臨的時候,他們開始制訂度假計劃。
She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。
My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友對我說,他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。
We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的時候,我們離開了那兒。
7、將來進行時
主要表示:A)在將來某時候正在進行的動作;B)預計、安排即將發生或勢必發生的動作。例如:
A)在將來某時候正在進行的動作:
You can have a meeting in my office on Friday . I won't be using it. 星期五你可以在我的辦公室開會。那會兒我不用它。
What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什麼?
It won't be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation. 不久我們就要造一部新計算器進行更高級的運算。
I can't go to the party tonight . I'll be seeing off a friend .今晚我不能參加聚會了。我要給一位朋友送行。
B)預計、安排即將發生或勢必發生的動作:
在這里,將來進行時與一般將來時很接近,但是前者強調動作"按計劃、安排要發生;間或也表示委婉、客氣",而後者只表示"動作會在未來時間發生"。
We shall be meeting at the school gate .我們在校門口見面。
What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什麼?
If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不這樣做就會面臨很大的困難。
Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會兒,會干擾你們嗎?
8、現在完成時
對於初接觸現在完成時的人來說,往往會產生一種茫然,因為它似乎與一般過去時相似。那就是,這兩種時態描述的動作都始於過去。其實不然,現在完成時主要表示,發生在過去的動作延續到現在剛剛完成、或許還要延續;側重於這個動作對現在帶來的結果、產生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時則只不過是表示動作發生在過去的什麼時候。弄清了這一區別,就很容易理解現在完成時了。它主要適用於下面的幾種情況:
1)表示截止現在業已完成的動作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現在為止,我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁。
We haven't met for many years .我們已多年沒見了。
They have developed a new proct .他們研製成功了一種新產品。
2)表示發生在過去而對現在產生影響、帶來結果的動作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎?
She has been to the United States. 她已去美國了。
You have grown much taller.你長高了許多。
3)表示過去發生的動作持續到現在,並可能還要延續
It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他們已學了八年的英語了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我們還只討論了前五章。
幾點注意
1)一個句子應該用什麼時態只能取決於它需要表達的意思,以及它所處的語言環境。例如:
He speaks English .(一般現在時,說明動作發生的經常性。)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一般過去時,說明動作發生的時間。)
He is speaking English.(現在進行時,說明動作正在進行。)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(現在完成時,這里說明動作的總和。)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (現在完成進行時,強調動作的連續性。)
2)在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復合句中,如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那麼從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現在時來表示將來時;如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時,那麼從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3) 有些動詞表示無法持續的動作,它們一般不宜用於進行時態中。這類動詞常見的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be動詞若是用於進行時態,可表示暫時、短暫的情況或表現。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣。
You are not being modest .你這樣說不太謙虛。
4)關於現在完成時的時間狀語問題.
A. 凡是"完成時態"都表示,不知道也不管動作發生的具體時間, 所以在使用現在完成時的句子里,不可以帶有表示具體過去時間的狀語,如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副詞連用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現在完成時。另外,ago不能用於現在完成時的句子里,因為它表示從現在算起的以前某個時間,屬於表示具體過去時間的狀語。但是可以用before 來表示"以前"的意義,因為它只表示"以前",而不知什麼時候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示連續性的動詞用於現在完成時的句子,不可以和以for表示的"一段時間"的狀語連用。在這種情況下,應該用"It has been … ;since…"的句式來表達。如:
He has joined the army for five years. (錯誤)
It has been five years since he joined the army.(正確)
⑧ 英語八大時態詳細語法
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