① 英語:真實條件句和虛擬條件句的相關語法
1. If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay home.
2. If I were you, I would surely work harder and be better.
句1為真實條件句,所述條件是有可能發生,「如果明天下雨,我專們就待在家裡。」
句2為非真屬實條件句,所述條件一般是不可能發生「如果我是你,我就會更加努力、做得更好。」真實條件句可以參考語法知識「條件狀語從句」部分;而非真實條件句可以參考「虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法」。
謝謝象牙大姐的指正!
② 英語語法
條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我們去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對,or表轉折,句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.
if, whether引導的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如:
主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成。例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
虛擬語氣:
真實條件句用於陳述語氣,假設的情況有可能發生。各種結構參見下表:
句型
條件從句
主句
一般現在時
shall/will + 動詞原形
祈使句
情態動詞一般現在時
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來,會帶小提琴來的。
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
注意:
1)在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時的動詞形式。
真實條件句用於陳述語氣,假設的情況有可能發生。各種結構參見下表:
句型
條件從句
主句
一般現在時
shall/will + 動詞原形
祈使句
情態動詞一般現在時
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來,會帶小提琴來的。
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
注意:
1)在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時的動詞形式。
真實條件句用於陳述語氣,假設的情況有可能發生。各種結構參見下表:
句型
條件從句
主句
一般現在時
shall/will + 動詞原形
祈使句
情態動詞一般現在時
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來,會帶小提琴來的。
典型例題
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
注意:
1)在真實條件句中,主句不能用be going to表示將來,該用shall, will.
(錯) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理時,主句謂語動詞不用shall (will) +動詞原形,而直接用一般現在時的動詞形式。
非真實條件句
1)虛擬語氣可以表示過去,現在和將來的情況,時態的基本特點是時態往後推移。
a. 與現在事實相反的假設
條件從句
主句
一般過去時(be用were)
should(would)等 +動詞原形
例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他們在這兒,會幫助你的。
含義:They are not here, they can』t help you.
b. 與過去事實相反的假設
條件從句
主句
過去完成時
should(would)等+ have+ 過去分詞
例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天來的話,我會把這件事告訴他的。
含義:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示對將來不大可能發生的事情的假想
條件從句
主句
一般過去時
should/would等 + 動詞原形
were+ 不定式
should+ 動詞原形
例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你將來成功了,一切都會好的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含義:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
混合條件句
有時,主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間,主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這種條件句叫做混合條件句。例如:
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天問過他,今天就知道做什麼了。
(從句與過去事實相反,主句與現在事實相反。)
If it had rained last night(過去), it would be very cold today (現在).如果昨晚下過雨,今天就會很冷了。
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were, should, 或had時, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到從句的句首,實行倒裝。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他們現在在的話,就會幫助我們了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你來得早一點,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,莊稼就有救了。
注意:在虛擬語氣的從句中,動詞'be'的過去時態一律用"were",不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就會去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒,一切都會好的。
典型例題
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 Weren't I to do。
特殊的虛擬語氣詞should
1)在主語從句中的應用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等結構的主語從句,謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形,should 可省略。
It is
可用的詞有三類
that
(should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在賓語從句中的應用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開個會議。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時",即它們用於其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。
判斷改錯: (錯) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(對) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(對) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞後面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動詞原形。例如:
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是讓更多的人來參加會議。
I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提了個建議,下周我們開個會。
wish的用法
1)wish後面的從句,表示與事實相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實現的願望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為:
主句
從句
從句動作先於主句動詞動作(be的過去式為 were)
現在時
過去時
從句動作與主句動作同時發生(had + 過去分詞)
過去時
過去完成時
將來不大可能實現的願望
將來時
would/could +動詞原形
例如:I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他沒講過那樣的話。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)wish to do;wish sb / sth to do。例如:
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望見一見經理。
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望經理能馬上得到消息。
比較if only與only if
only if表示"只有";if only則表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用於陳述語氣。例如:
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鍾響了,我才會醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 當時鬧鍾響就好了。
If only he comes early. 但願他早點回來。
It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 後面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形,但should不可省略。例如:
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子們該睡覺了。
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。
needn't have done表示過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。例如:
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家了,沒有遇上John的車。)
典型例題
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意為"本不必",即已經做了某事,而時實際上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正確,對過去發生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn't have done, "不可能已經"。 must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。
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以上內容來自下面的英語語法軟體,更多知識下載解壓即可參考
限時英語(初中英語學習軟體)V6.3
http://www.mydown.com/soft/other/english/56/439056.shtml
③ 【英語語法:新概念】if引導的條件句(三種情況都要講出來)
你好!
if
如果是條件,主將從現,主祈從現,主情從現
這是我的老師總結的
也就是不管主句是什麼時態,從句都是一般現在時
主句有三種情況,將來時,祈使句,情態動詞
僅代表個人觀點,不喜勿噴,謝謝。
④ 求問英語真實條件句和非真實條件句的詳細語法!順便講解下!
真實條件句用於陳述語氣,假設的情況可能發生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
真實條件句
時態關系:
(1)當主句為一般將來時,條件從句用一般現在時表示一般將來的動作。
如:We shall go out when you finish your holiday homework.
(2)當主句為過去將來時,從句用一般過去時表示過去將來的動作。
如:I would not go with you if it rained the next day.
(3)現在進行時可在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。
如:Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.
(4)當主句為一般將來時,由as soon as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的狀語從句常用現在完
成體表示將來完成的動作。
如:I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.
非真實條件句
1)時態:可以表示過去,現在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態退後。
a. 同現在事實相反的假設。
一般過去時should( would) +動詞原形
If they were here, they would help you. 如果他們在,他們就會幫你了(事實是他們不在)
b. 表示與過去事實相反的假設。
過去完成時 should(would) have+ 過去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 和第一個理解起來差不多,只是一個是
和現在相反,一個是過去相反,必須要看清楚
c. 表示對將來的假想,與現在的現實相反
一般過去時 should+ 動詞原形
were+ 不定式 would + 動詞原形 should+ 動詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
大部分取自網上,已經將重點列出來了
非真實條件句又稱作虛擬語氣,要想熟練操作還是需要多做題目的。
⑤ 怎樣區分英語語法中的if條件句是真實條件句還是非真實條件句
你好,很高興為你作答:
條件句可分為真實條件句和非真實條件句。真實條件句表示句專子所描述的事件是屬事實或在說話人看來可能實現的事情。非真實條件句表示的條件與事實相反或不大可能實現的事情,即我們所說的虛擬語氣。
第一個例子if he comes, he will call me. 這句話中就是在陳述事實表達他會來,只是他來的時候肯定會通我。這就是真實條件句 而且要遵循主將從副的原則。
第二個例子if i were you, i would hit him.我要是你,我就打他了。 很明顯我不可能是你,這就是非真實性的條件句。就要遵循虛擬語氣的一些原則。
希望對你有幫助,有問題的話可以在Hi我~
⑥ 【英語語法:新概念】if引導的條件句(三種情況都要講出來)
樓主,你說的是不是虛擬語氣呀?
含有if條件句的虛擬語氣的構成如下:
1) 對現在虛擬: 條件句:一般過去時, 主句:could/would/should/ought to/might+動詞原形
例:if he were here now, we could have a meeting. 如果現在他在這兒,我們就可以開會了。(注意用的是he were。he was也可以,不過虛擬語氣里be動詞規范的用法還是多以were的形式出現 )
2)對過去虛擬: 條件句: 過去完成時,主句:could/would/should/ought to/might have done
例: if he had taken my advice, he shouldn't have failed in the exam. 如果他聽從我的建議,他考試就不會不及格。
3)對將來虛擬: 條件句:(1)were to do (2) should do (3)一般過去時 主句:could/would/should/ought to/might +動詞原形
例: If i had time/were to have time/should have time, I would visit my parents tomorrow. 如果我明天有時間,我就去看望我的父母
⑦ 怎樣區分英語語法中的if條件句是真實條件句還是非真實條件句
這個很簡單,與現在事實相同的為真實條件句,與現在事實相反的為非真實條版件句.
如:If
he
doesn』t
hurry
up,
he
will
miss
the
bus.
如果他不權快點,他將錯過巴士。(這是真實條件狀語)
又如:If
there
were
no
air,
people
would
die.
如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(這是非真實條件狀語從句)
⑧ 日語語法條件句 謝謝大家
1この薬を飲むとbいつも眠くなります。
前項和後項為同一主體的動作繼起時,回用と答
2この薬を飲めばc治るでしょう。
用於表示事物的真理和自然規律的「恆常條件」時,一般用ば和と
3この薬飲むならa食前がいいですよ
前項是聽話者將要進行的動作或可能作到的事情,後項是說話人的命令、勸誘、希望等意志句時,只能用なら。此時前後兩個動作的時間關系是:後項先干,前項後干。
4この薬飲んだらdどうですか
疑問句中,多用たら、有時也用ば、但用得較少,不用と、なら
⑨ 英語語法大神請幫助:虛擬語氣和if條件句怎麼區別
虛擬語氣所講的情況通常是和實際情況相反的,如果是將來的情況那是指可能版性微乎其微的。陳述語氣權指的是真實的可能性很大的情況。If he were here,he wouldn't have let this happen。如果他在這,他是不會讓這種事情發生的。(實際情況是他根本不在這,而事情已經發生了。應從反面理解虛擬語氣)
If you want to come,I『ll always welcome。這是陳述語氣,按我們平時的理解就行了。它時態必須採用主將從現。
⑩ 我對英語語法里的非真實條件句有疑問, 同現在事實相反的假設,這類句子的句型是什麼樣的
句型 是條件從句和主句
一般過去時should( would) +動詞原形
比如 If they were here, they would help you.