『壹』 英語語法的專用詞彙
1.定語從句：定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定版語修飾主句的某個名權詞性成分，相當於形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。
2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞稱為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose,
as等；關系副詞有where,
when,
why等。關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
註：關系代詞有主語.賓語之分。一般whom作為賓語。
4.定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用『……的』表示。主要由形容詞擔任。此外，名詞，代詞，數詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔任，也可以由一個句子來擔任．單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之後，作後置定語。
『貳』 來點常用的英語單詞和語法。
open
your
books
打開課本
turn
to
page
12
翻到第12頁
now
have
a
discussion
現在來進行討論
tell
me
what
do
you
think
of
this告訴我你對此的看法
『叄』 英語語法詞彙翻譯
從句 clause從屬句 subordinate clause並列句 coordinate clause名詞從句 nominal clause定語從句 attributive clause狀語從句 adverbial clause賓語從句 object clause主語從句 subject clause同位語從句 appositive clause時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
句子 sentence簡單句 simple sentence並列句 compound sentence復合句 complex sentence並列復合句 compound complex sentence陳述句 declarative sentence疑問句 interrogative sentence一般疑問句 general question特殊疑問句 special question選擇疑問句 alternative question附加疑問句 tag question反義疑問句 disjunctive question修辭疑問句 rhetorical question感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentwence否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感嘆句 exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern
人稱 person第一人稱 first person第二人稱 second person第三人稱 third person
一致 agreement主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement語法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原則 principle of proximity
語態 voice主動語態 active voice被動語態 passive voice 語氣 mood陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood
句子成分 members of sentences主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object雙賓語 al object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object復合賓語 complex object同源賓語 cognate object補語 complement主補 subject complement賓補 object complement表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbial 時態 tense過去將來時 past future tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense一般現在時 present simple tense一般過去時 past simple tense一般將來時 future simple tense現在完成時 past perfect tense過去完成時 present perfect tense將來完成時 future perfect tense現在進行時 present continuous tense過去進行時 past continuous tense將來進行時 future continuous tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense
否定 negation否定范圍 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉移否定 shift of negation語序 order自然語序 natural order倒裝語序 inversion全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion 直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech自由直接引語 free direct speech自由間接引語 free indirect speech
語法 grammar句法 syntax詞法 morphology結構 structure層次 rank句子 sentence從句 clause片語 phrase詞類 part of speech單詞 word實詞 notional word虛詞 structural word單純詞simple word派生詞derivative復合詞compound詞性part of speech名詞 noun專有名詞 proper noun普通名詞 common noun可數名詞 countable noun不可數名詞 uncountable noun抽象名詞 abstract noun具體名詞 concret noun物質名詞 material noun集體名詞 collective noun個體名詞 indivial noun介詞 preposition連詞 conjunction動詞 verb主動詞 main verb及物動詞 transitive verb不及物動詞 intransitive verb系動詞 link verb助動詞 auxiliary verb情態動詞 modal verb規則動詞 regular verb不規則動詞 irregular verb短語動詞 phrasal verb限定動詞 finite verb非限定動詞 infinite verb使役動詞 causative verb感官動詞 verb of senses動態動詞 event verb靜態動詞 state verb感嘆詞 exclamation形容詞 adjective副詞 adverb方式副詞 adverb of manner程度副詞 adverb of degree時間副詞 adverb of time地點副詞 adverb of place修飾性副詞 adjunct連接性副詞 conjunct疑問副詞 interogative adverb關系副詞 relative adverb代詞 pronoun人稱代詞 personal pronoun物主代詞 possesive pronoun反身代詞 reflexive pronoun相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun關系代詞 relative pronoun不定代詞 indefinite pronoun物主代詞 possecive pronoun名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun冠詞 article定冠詞 definite article不定冠詞 indefinite article數詞 numeral基數詞 cardinal numeral序數詞 ordinal numeral分數詞 fractional numeral形式 form單數形式 singular form復數形式 plural form限定動詞 finite verb form非限定動詞 non-finite verb form原形 base form從句 clause從屬句 subordinate clause並列句 coordinate clause名詞從句 nominal clause定語從句 attributive clause狀語從句 adverbial clause賓語從句 object clause主語從句 subject clause同位語從句 appositive clause時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence簡單句 simple sentence並列句 compound sentence復合句 complex sentence並列復合句 compound complex sentence陳述句 declarative sentence疑問句 interrogative sentence一般疑問句 general question特殊疑問句 special question選擇疑問句 alternative question附加疑問句 tag question反義疑問句 disjunctive question修辭疑問句 rhetorical question感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感嘆句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object雙賓語 al object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object復合賓語 complex object同源賓語 cognate object補語 complement主補 subject complement賓補 object complement表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbial句法關系 syntatic relationship並列 coordinate從屬 subordination修飾 modification前置修飾 pre-modification後置修飾 post-modification限制 restriction雙重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction數 number單數形式 singular form復數形式 plural form規則形式 regular form不規則形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 objective case性 gender陽性 masculine陰性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人稱 person第一人稱 first person第二人稱 second person第三人稱 third person時態 tense過去將來時 past future tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense一般現在時 present simple tense一般過去時 past simple tense一般將來時 future simple tense現在完成時 past perfect tense過去完成時 present perfect tense將來完成時 future perfect tense現在進行時 present continuous tense過去進行時 past continuous tense將來進行時 future continuous tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense語態 voice主動語態 active voice被動語態 passive voice語氣 mood陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范圍 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉移否定 shift of negation語序 order自然語序 natural order倒裝語序 inversion全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech自由直接引語 free direct speech自由間接引語 free indirect speech一致 agreement主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement語法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原則 principle of proximity強調 emphasis重復 repetition語音 pronunciation語調 tone升調 rising tone降調 falling tone降升調 falling-rising tone文體 style正式文體 formal非正式文體 informal口語 spoken/oral English套語 formulistic expression英國英語 British English美國英語 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring褒義 commendatory貶義 derogatory幽默 humorous諷刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic
『肆』 怎樣記英語語法點
找本語法手冊，通讀幾遍。掌握語法的大致架構，了解語法的語類、時態、語態、句子結內構等，對語容法有一個整體的認識。每天堅持讀一篇英語文章，自己嘗試解決文章中所有生詞和翻譯。手頭上放一本語法手冊或者找懂英語的朋友請教。弄懂每一個單詞、短語、結構，在這個句子里分別是什麼成分，做好筆記。日後經常復習，貴在堅持！
追問：比如說什麼語法類型要加介詞to，或doing
追答：你說的是片語吧？那個大多數都是固定搭配的，記住就行了。你要是記不住，做到錯題就找個本子整理一下，慢慢的就自然而然記到腦子里了
『伍』 英語單詞按語法分類
語法是針對句子來說的，單詞沒有語法的概念，你那叫按詞性分類。
的確不好找，只找到一個2009年考研英語詞彙【詞性分類】記憶手冊，不知道是否合樓主的意思：http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/5026021.html （好不容易找到一個不需要注冊就可以下載的）
或者下載《英語全接觸》軟體，有按詞性分類瀏覽的功能，不過我沒用過：
http://down.ddvip.com/view/119225732415320.html
有些東西還是靠自己總結得來的比較不容易忘記，下面的方法供參考：http://portal.sdteacher.gov.cn/Course/yingyu/Homework/482239.aspx
『陸』 英語語法點三十個有例句，謝謝
以下三十個句子的語法內容包含虛擬語氣、強調句型、定語從句、it做形式主語、非謂語動詞等等。 在讀句子時 要注意這些語法內容的運用， 最好把句子中的重點單詞全部掌握住！
1. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果沒有發現透視法,人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。
2. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時代著名的傑作。
3. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of paining were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破傳統畫法的畫家中，有生活和工作在法國巴黎的印象派畫家。
4. At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art".
在印象派作品的創建初期,它們是存在著爭議的,但是如今己被人們接受而成為現在我們所說的"現代藝術"的始祖了。
5. You can also explore Frick's beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.
你還可以好好考察一下弗里克美麗的故居和花園，它們是很值得一看的。
6. When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. 當你走進畫廊的時候，你會覺得你進入了一個易碎的白色貝殼之中。
7. It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人驚奇的是，在同一家博物館里竟能容納下19世紀後期到21世紀的如此眾多的名家巨作。
8. There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人們寫詩有著各種各樣的理由。
9. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.（童謠的）語言具體但富有想像力，這能使小孩子們快樂，因為它們押韻，節奏感強,並較多重復。
10. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學習了語言。
11. Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. 另外一種學生容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的,叫做五行詩。
12. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型,學生們最終也許想自己作詩了。
13. I think my long and active life must be e to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以長壽而且精力充沛,要歸功於我的健康生活。
14. First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes.首先,你會在身體上對尼古丁有癮，它是香煙里幾百種化學物質之一。
15. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
例如，我不知道抽煙能嚴重侵害人的心臟和肺部，也不知道吸煙的夫婦生育能力會下降。
16. It isn't easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.
戒煙不容易，但許許多多的人都成功地戒掉了煙，所以你也能戒煙。
17. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
每當你想要吸煙的時候,你就提醒你自己,你(已經)是不吸煙的人了。
18. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person beginsto look sick. 只有當這種病毒發展成艾滋病時,人才會顯出病態。
19. All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is e to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to proce energy.
所有的科學家贊同這種觀點：人們為了生產能量而燃燒化石燃料如煤、天然氣和石油，從而引起了地球溫度的升高。
20. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。
21. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. 是一位名叫查爾斯·基林的科學家曾經把1957-1997年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量作了精確的統計。
22. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們還贊同下述觀點，正是燃燒越來越多的化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。
23. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbondioxide in the air.
另一方面，還有一些人，像科學家喬治·漢布利，反對上面的觀點，他們認為我們不必擔心空氣中會有高含量的二氧化碳。
24. It's OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off! 在用電器設備時你可以讓它開著，如果不用就把它關掉!
25. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和評估了這些信息之後，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測下次火山熔岩將往何處流去，流速是多少。
26. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白晝。
27. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
雖然我從事火山研究很多年了,但是我對火山的壯麗景色以及它那潛在的巨大破壞力至今仍然感到驚愕不已。
28. The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
這里地面的高度從海拔700米到2000多米不等,是多種多樣稀有動植物的生長地。
29. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.
你一到達山頂就會得到回報一一你不僅可以看到天池那清澈如鏡的湖水，而且還可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
30. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for language and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。
『柒』 關於英語語法的單詞
常用語法術語表
語法 grammar
句法 syntax
詞法 morphology
結構 structure
層次 rank
句子 sentence
從句 clause
片語 phrase
詞類 part of speech
單詞 word
實詞 notional word
虛詞 structural word
名詞 noun
專有名詞 proper noun
普通名詞 common noun
可數名詞 countable noun
不可數名詞 uncountable noun
抽象名詞 abstract noun
具體名詞 concrete noun
物質名詞 material noun
集體名詞 collective noun
個體名詞 indivial noun
介詞 preposition
連詞 conjunction
動詞 verb
主動詞 main verb
及物動詞 transitive verb
不及物動詞 intransitive verb
系動詞 link verb
助動詞 auxiliary verb
情態動詞 modal verb
規則動詞 regular verb
不規則動詞 irregular verb
短語動詞 phrasal verb
限定動詞 finite verb
非限定動詞 infinite verb
使役動詞 causative verb
感官動詞 verb of senses
動態動詞 event verb
靜態動詞 state verb
感嘆詞 exclamation
形容詞 adjective
副詞 adverb
方式副詞 adverb of manner
程度副詞 adverb of degree
時間副詞 adverb of time
地點副詞 adverb of place
修飾性副詞 adjunct
連接性副詞 conjunct
疑問副詞 interrogative adverb
關系副詞 relative adverb
代詞 pronoun
人稱代詞 personal pronoun
物主代詞 possessive pronoun
反身代詞 reflexive pronoun
相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun
指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun
疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun
關系代詞 relative pronoun
不定代詞 indefinite pronoun
物主代詞 possessive pronoun
名詞性物主代詞 nominal possessive pronoun
形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possessive pronoun
冠詞 article
定冠詞 definite article
不定冠詞 indefinite article
數詞 numeral
基數詞 cardinal numeral
序數詞 ordinal numeral
分數詞 fractional numeral
形式 form
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
限定動詞 finite verb form
非限定動詞 non-finite verb form
原形 base form
從句 clause
從屬句 subordinate clause
並列句 coordinate clause
名詞從句 nominal clause
定語從句 attributive clause
狀語從句 adverbial clause
賓語從句 object clause
主語從句 subject clause
同位語從句 appositive clause
時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time
地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place
方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner
讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession
原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause
結果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result
目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose
條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition
真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子 sentence
簡單句 simple sentence
並列句 compound sentence
復合句 complex sentence
並列復合句 compound complex sentence
陳述句 declarative sentence
疑問句 interrogative sentence
一般疑問句 general question
特殊疑問句 special question
選擇疑問句 alternative question
附加疑問句 tag question
反義疑問句 disjunctive question
修辭疑問句 rhetorical question
感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question
存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentence
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感嘆句 exclamatory sentence
基本句型 basic sentence pattern
句子成分 members of sentences
主語 subject
謂語 predicate
賓語 object
雙賓語 al object
直接賓語 direct object
間接賓語 indirect object
復合賓語 complex object
同源賓語 cognate object
補語 complement
主補 subject complement
賓補 object complement
表語 predicative
定語 attribute
同位語 appositive
狀語 adverbial
句法關系 syntactic relationship
並列 coordinate
從屬 subordination
修飾 modification
前置修飾 pre-modification
後置修飾 post-modification
限制 restriction
雙重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction
數 number
單數形式 singular form
復數形式 plural form
規則形式 regular form
不規則形式 irregular form
格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
賓格 objective case
性 gender
陽性 masculine
陰性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter
人稱 person
第一人稱 first person
第二人稱 second person
第三人稱 third person
時態 tense
過去將來時past future tense
過去將來進行時past future continuous tense
過去將來完成時past future perfect tense
一般現在時 present simple tense
一般過去時 past simple tense
一般將來時 future simple tense
現在完成時 past perfect tense
過去完成時 present perfect tense
將來完成時 future perfect tense
現在進行時 present continuous tense
過去進行時 past continuous tense
將來進行時 future continuous tense
過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense
現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense
過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tense
語態 voice
主動語態 active voice
被動語態 passive voice
語氣 mood
陳述語氣 indicative mood
祈使語氣 imperative mood
虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood
否定 negation
否定范圍 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
轉移否定 shift of negation
語序 order
自然語序 natural order
倒裝語序 inversion
全部倒裝 full inversion
部分倒裝 partial inversion
直接引語 direct speech
間接引語 indirect speech
自由直接引語 free direct speech
自由間接引語 free indirect speech
一致 agreement
主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement
語法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原則 principle of proximity
強調 emphasis
重復 repetition
語音 pronunciation
語調 tone
升調 rising tone
降調 falling tone
降升調 falling-rising tone
文體 style
正式文體 formal
非正式文體 informal
口語 spoken/oral English
套語 formulistic expression
英國英語 British English
美國英語 American English
用法 usage
感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒義 commendatory
貶義 derogatory
幽默 humorous
諷刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic