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英語虛擬語氣語法及題目

發布時間:2021-02-26 13:12:27

① 英語語法虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣應該是必修3第一、二單元的知識點。
常規下虛擬語氣的考查點分兩個:
一是名詞性從句中should do結構,should可以省略。在名詞性從句中,如果出現表示「命令,建議,請求、計劃」的詞,不管它用於什麼名詞性從句,都要求使用虛擬語氣。如:
He suggested that we (should) finish the task on time.這是賓語從句,suggest是「建議」的意思。又如這詞用於表語從句:
His suggestion was that we (should) finish the task on time.
在這種從句中,要注意一點就是:如果從句的主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關系,那麼就要用(should) be done結構,就和情態動詞的被動形式一樣。如:
He ordered that the task (should) be finished on time.
二是條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣。從句和主句的謂語動詞有嚴格規定,如下:
從句, 主句
和現在相反: did/ were would/could/ should/ might do
和過去相反: had done would/could/ should/ might have doe
和將來相反: did/ were to do/ should do would/could/ should/ might do
如:如果當時你沒幫助我們,我們不可能完成這工程。
If you had not helped us then, we couldn't have completed the project.(與過去相反)。
如果我是你的話,我會用另一種方法。
If i were you, I would use another way to do it.(與現在相反),這句中,要注意到我用的是were.盡管主語是單數,虛擬語氣中的一般過去式,不能用was.
這些是基本規則,當然還有很多其他的。如:
I wish that....這個結構是個名詞性從句中的賓語從句,但是它使用的虛擬語氣不與我上面講到的相同。這個句型中,賓語從句的時態要往過去推前一步。即:如果與現在相反,用一般過去時,如果和過去相反,用過去完成時,如果與將來相反,用過去將來時。
如:I wish that i were a bird.與現在相反
I wish that i hadn't wasted a lot of time before.與過去相反。

② 英語語法題 虛擬語氣19

那個國家打算發送先一架無人駕駛宇宙飛船去探索那顆行星。the idea is that +虛擬語氣(動詞原型表示將來時)idea 想法 這里用作計劃 打算

③ 英語語法題 虛擬語氣28

recommend是建議,這樣的詞後面要用 「(should ) + 動詞原形」。should可以省略。

④ 虛擬語氣的用法以及題型

虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語法項目是各類英語考試中心測試的重點之一。虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話並不是事實,而是一種假設、願望、懷疑或推測。
Ⅰ用以表示虛擬條件的虛擬語氣
⒈ 用if條件從句表示的虛擬條件,是虛擬條件最普通的方式。
① 虛擬現在時表示與現在事實相反的假設,其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設,if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時即had+過去分詞,主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多數的虛擬條件句屬於上面三種情況的一種,但並不排除存在條件和後果中,一個和現在情況相反,另一個和過去情況相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.這個句子在高中出現頻率頗高。
④ 但是,如果後果用了虛擬語氣,而條件卻用陳述語氣,這種用法是錯的。
⒉ 除了表示虛假條件外,if從句還可以表示對將來的推測,由於是將來還沒有發生的,所以談不上是真實的還是虛假的,只能說這個事情發生的可能性有多大。一般情況下,可以用陳述語氣的if從句來表示對一個未來事實的推測,這個事實是完全可能發生的。If從句的謂語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動詞原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +動詞原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四級第44題)
⒊ 有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去,而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構,這時候,如果出現not等否定詞,否定詞需放在主語後面。這種結構在口語中很少使用,但頻頻出現在各類考試中出現,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多數的虛擬條件通過上面所講的兩種方法表達,但在個別句子中也可以通過介詞without和介詞短語but for表達,副詞otherwise等表達出來。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四級第46題)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,謂語動詞必定要用虛擬形式,但包含without等短語的句子,謂語動詞未必一定要用虛擬語氣。
⒌ 有時虛擬條件不是明確地表達出來,而在蘊含在用but引導的從句里,於是便出現了有謂語動詞是虛擬語氣的主句加上謂語動詞是陳述語氣的but從句構成的並列復合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在這樣的句子里,如果主句沒有用虛擬語氣,或者從句用了虛擬語氣,都是錯的。
Ⅱ用在賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
⒈ 在表示願望的動詞wish後的賓語從句中,需用虛擬語氣。(wish後的that 常省略),根據主句時態,從句謂語時態相應退後一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有願望、請求、建議、命令等主觀意願的動詞(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 後的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用(should) +動詞原形。值得注意的是,如果賓語從句的動詞是否定的,否定詞not的位置應在動詞之前,而不是動詞之後。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表達「暗示」,insist表示「堅持某種說法」時,後面的從句不用虛擬語氣,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述動詞也要求用虛擬式
① 在It is+上述動詞的過去分詞,其後所跟的主語從句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述動詞相應的名詞形式作主語+連系動詞,其後的表語從句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheled.
③ 在對上述動詞相應的名詞進行解釋的同位語從句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用來表達主觀願望,它們之後的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現在或將來,用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虛擬語氣
⒈ it is +necessary等形容詞後,that主語從句中虛擬形式使用,這類形容詞包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之後的定語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導的方式狀語從句中的應用(謂語動詞形式與wish後的賓語從句基本相同)表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有懷疑,謂語動詞用過去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示過去想像中的動作或情況,謂語動詞用過去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞多用虛擬語氣,(should )+ 動詞原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四級第38題)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

⑤ 英語虛擬語氣用法(要全的,有例題)

由於虛擬語氣所涉及的內容比較廣,一些語法書對其的闡述也很繁雜,所以同學們在學習過程中很難掌握其用法,在使用過程中或考試時也很容易出錯。為了便於大家理解和記憶,筆者對虛擬語氣作了一個「新」歸納,供大家參考。

虛擬語氣的使用主要體現在三個方面:虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用,以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。

虛擬條件句

虛擬條件句就是對現實條件的一種虛擬假設,所假設的條件一般不符合事實或與事實相反或在現實中發生的可能性極小。根據時間的不同,虛擬條件句可分為三種,即與現在事實相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下錶:

例句:

1.表示與現在事實相反

If I had enough money now , I would lend it to you.

If I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.

2.表示與過去事實相反

If he had taken your advice , he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.

She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.

3.表示與將來事實相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more.

1.虛擬條件句的倒裝

在虛擬條件句中,為了強調所假設條件的虛擬性,或突出說話人的一種主觀願望,虛擬條件句可用倒裝結構。虛擬條件句的倒裝是通過去掉if,把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞放在句首實現的。例如:

Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?

2.錯綜時間條件句

有時條件從句的動作和主句的動作發生的時間並不一致,這時謂語動詞的形式應根據它所要表示的具體時間來決定。例如:

If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years , things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country,Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.

3.含蓄條件句

有時假設的情況並不以條件從句的形式表現出來,而是通過某個介詞或介詞短語(如:with, otherwise, without, but for, in that position )、上下文或其它方式表現出來。這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如:

But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.

I would never mind you making such loud noises, but, you see, my baby is in a deep sleep.

It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.

虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運用

在某些詞或短語後接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣,表示願望、建議或命令等。根據虛擬語氣的形式不同,虛擬語氣可以分為「should類」和「過去時態類」。

一、should類

這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用「should +動詞原形」體現出來的,should可以省略。其具體運用體現在:

1.在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞後接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。

如:

He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.

He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.

2.與suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等動詞相對應的名詞suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等後的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如:

The general sent the order that the battle(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3.在It is/was suggested (ordered , demanded , proposed , etc. ) 結構以及necessary , essential, important, strange, natural等形容詞後的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如:

It's requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the people's peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately.

二、過去時態類

英語中,還有一些詞或短語後接的從句或句子,也要使用虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時態(如:一般過去時、過去完成時等)來體現的。

1. wish , would rather 後的賓語從句。如:

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.

I would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if, as though引導的從句。如:

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3.由if only (要是……,那該多好啊!)引導的驚嘆句。如:

If only I had passed the test !

If only it stopped raining!

4. It is(about/high) time 後的定語從句。如:

It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.

虛擬語氣的其它用法

在英語中,一些表示建議、請求、勸告、願望、祈禱、祝福或詛咒的句子,也需要使用虛擬語氣。如:

Would you mind smoking here ?

May you be lucky!

Long live the people of China !

God save me.

⑥ 高考英語虛擬語氣語法總結

虛擬語氣,對過去虛擬,從句用過去完成時

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的一種願望,假設,懷疑,猜測, 建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的話,我就會帶走他們。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰見了李華,我就告訴了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有時間,我會來幫助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建議說我們的班應該分成五個小組。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。

虛擬語氣的用法

1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中,表示祝願,命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝願你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝願我們的友情天長地久。

Have a good journey!

祝願你旅途愉快!

You go out!

你出去!

2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中。動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞後面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣, 賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種願望,要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一邊。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能幫助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。

動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 後面的從句中,"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老師建議我們課後把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 後面的從句中的謂語動詞用: should + 動詞原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我們有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她這樣做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中。

虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結果的主句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時,動詞有三種時態形式,即現在,過去和將來。

與現在事實相反的:

條件從句 結果從句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 動詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動詞原形。

與過去事實相反的:

條件從句 結果從句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去分詞。He (you,they) would + have + 過去分詞。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你,我就買了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有時間,我會學習法語的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英語的話,她不會找我幫忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一點起床,就會趕上火車的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天氣好,我就去買東西。

有關虛擬語氣的幾個問題:

1) 有時if引導的狀語從句可以省略 if,而把從句中的動詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青點, 她就會乾的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址,他會去看她的。

2) 有時表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一個主句或者一個條件從句。

I could help you.

我本來可以幫助你。

If I had time.

我要有時間該多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她應該來參加聚會。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的錢就能...。

3) 虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動詞動作可以和主句的動詞動作時態不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他們以前努力學習的話,現在乾的就會容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不聽取我的建議,他就不會幹得這樣好。

⑦ 英語語法題 虛擬語氣6

首先,請相信我,這個題目是錯的(教輔書偶爾錯幾題也正常)。
正確的題目應該是:回
I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.
A.am not
B.haven't been
C.was not
D.will not be
本題是虛擬語氣的答代表性試題,屬於「前虛後實」模式,即前半句是虛擬,後半句是事實。
should/would like to have done sth.意為「本想做某事」,暗示過去想做而沒有做。
由於這種句式表示「過去想」,所以but後的句子也應該是過去時態與之相配合,故答案是C。

⑧ 英語語法題(虛擬語氣),求詳解

當If 表虛擬語氣時候,表示與過去事實相反:
If ... had done ..., ... would(might,could) have done...
從句謂語動詞用had+done,主句用should/would/could/might+have+done結構。

所以這回個句子如果用if從句 的話,答應該是Tom might have come to school in time for the lecture if he had gotten up earlier.

might have done sth 表示本因該做某事而事實卻沒有做,也表示與現在事實相反。如果後面有but,則表轉折,所以後面句子不用虛擬語氣,而要用陳述語氣,一般過去時。所以but he got up rather late也是對的。

這道題應該是個選擇題,根本還是考察的虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實相反:
If ... had done ..., ... would(might,could) have done...
但備選答案上沒有if的正確答案,所以選擇了陳述語氣。

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