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初中英語8年級語法

發布時間:2021-02-25 03:36:31

① 八年級英語語法

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
一. 知識點總結:
(一)
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today. (be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.

(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think you should…
(2)Well, you could…
(3)Maybe you should …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What about doing sth.?
(6)You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should

(三)
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called

(四)
間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)

(五)
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English

二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設置10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)「have a day off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course, you can. 」replied (答復)the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching

(B)
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don』t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don』t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don』t have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______(8)your parents. They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each other.

完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上,再結合所給備選項細讀全文,聯繫上、下文內容,注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結構入手,根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續往下做,最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章,語法結構是否正確,是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的,應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句,善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結合所學過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當的成分,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據詞語搭配和語法規則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章,語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。

(三)課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
(1)理解主旨要義
(2)理解文中具體信息
(3)根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
(4)做出簡單判斷的推理
(5)理解文章的基本結構
(6)理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
(1)擴大視距
(2)克服聲讀
(3)克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
(1)通過標題或主題句進行預測
(2)文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測,以便正確理解。
(3)通過語篇標記進行預測
(4)語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
(5)利用背景知識預測
(6)利用圖片進行預測

② 八年級英語語法大全

可數名詞與不可數名詞一.可數名詞英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞「最……」見課本p93語法 the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her

③ 初中八年級上冊英語語法

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初二英語語法語法.txt你出生的時候,你哭著,周圍的人笑著;你逝去的時候,你笑著,而周圍的人在哭!喜歡某些人需要一小時,愛上某些人只需要一天,而忘記一個人得用一生一、 一般現在時
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…) , once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動 詞,則在其前加don't, 如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他總是樂於幫助別人。
Action speaks louder than words.事實勝於雄辯。
二、 一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:主語+動詞或be的過去時+名詞
4.否定形式:主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in t hose days.那些天她經常來幫助我們。
I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。
三、 一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主語+will/shall + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are not going to do ;主語+will/shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、 一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:主語+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那裡。
五、 現在進行時
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本結構:主語+be +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現得很好。
六、 過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。 新$課$標$第$一$網
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構 主語+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進來時,我正在讀報紙。
七、 將來進行時
1.概念:表示將來某一時間正在進行的 動作,或表示要在將來某一時間開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。
2.時間狀語:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本結構:主語+shall/will + be +現在分詞+其它
4.否定形式:主語+shall/will + not + be +現在分詞+其它
5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間,他們正坐在電影院。
He won』t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。
八、 過去將來進行時
1.概念:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用於賓語從句中,尤其多用於間接引語中。
2.基本結構:should/would + be +現在分詞
3.例句:They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。
He said he could not com e because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。
九、 現在完成時
1.概念:過去發生或已經 完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點, for+時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:主語+have/has +p.p(過去分詞)+其它
4.否定形式:主語+have/has + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.我已經寫了一篇論文。
The countryside has changed a lot in th e past few years.在過去的幾年,農村發生了巨大的變化。
十、 過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
2.時間狀語:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本結構:主語+had + p.p(過去分詞)+其它 4.否定形式:主語+had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當我們到車站的時候,火車已經開走了。
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.到上個月底。我們有了四本書。
基本結構:主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
①肯定句:主語+ had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
②否定句:主語+ had+ not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
十一、 將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of; by the end of+時間短語( 將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:主語+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候,就將發生巨大的變化。
十二、 過去將來完成時
1.概念:表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所 會發生的動作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實相反。
2.基本結構:should/would have done sth.
3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前幹完。
十三、 現在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來。
2.基本結構:主語+have/has +been +doing+其它
3.時間狀語:since+時間點,for+時間段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經在這里坐了一個小時。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起,孩子們一直看電視。
十四、 過去完成進行時
1.概念:表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態,持續到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續到之後的當前才結束。
2.基本結構:主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?
4.特殊含義:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它)
③未得結果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解)
④最近情況:He had been quarrellin g with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反復動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)
十五、 將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去,要視上下文而定。
2.基本結構:shall/will have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get t here. 咱們如不快一點兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關了。
十六、 過去將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。
2.基本結構:should/would + have + been +現在分詞
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴 我,到年底時,他就在那住了30年了。
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④ 7到8年級的所有英語的語法

初中英語重要句型總結
第一組:
1. It』s time for ...
It』s time to do sth.
2. It』s bad for ...
3. It』s good for ...
4. be late for ...
5. What』s wrong with …
What』s the matter with ...
What』s the trouble with ...
6. There is something wrong with ...
7. be afraid of …
be afraid to do sth.
8. neither…nor….
9. either….or….
10. both…and…
11. not…at all.
第二組:主語+謂語+賓語
1. help sb. do sth
2. had better do sth.
3. want to do sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. stop to do sth
stop doing sth.
6. begin to do sth.
7. decide to do sth.
8. like to do sth.
9. hope to do sth.
10. do one』s best to do sth.
11. agree to do sth.
12. enjoy doing sth.
13. keep (on) doing sth.
14. finish doing sth.
15. go on doing sth.
16. be busy doing sth.
17. feel like doing sth.
18. practise doing sth.
19. spend time/ money on sth
20. spend time in doing sth.
21. prevent/ stop sb. from doing sth.
第三組:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)
1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
2. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
3. show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb.
4. bring sb. sth.= bring sth. to sb.
5. tell sb. sth.
6. teach sb. sth.
7. buy sb. sth.=buy sth for sb.
8. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb.
9. help sb. do sth.
help sb. with sth.
10. teach sb. to do sth.
第四組:主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
1. tell sb. (not) to do sth.
2. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
3. would like sb. to do sth.
4. keep sb. +形容詞
5. keep sb. doing sth.
6. let sb. (not) do sth.
7. make sb. (not) do sth.
8. have sth. done
9. see/ hear/ watch sb. do sth.
10. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth.
第五組:It 作形式主語
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2. It is +(important, necessary, difficult, possible, polite…)for sb. to do sth.
第六組:復合句
時間狀語從句:
1. not …..until+時間狀語從句
2. as soon as +時間狀語從句
比較狀語從句:
1. …as+形容詞或詞原級+as….
2. …not as/ so+形容詞或副詞原級+as…
結果狀語從句:
…so +形容詞或副詞的原級+that引導的結果狀語從句
相關句型:…too+形容詞或副詞原級+to do sth.
賓語從句:
1. I don』t think that…
2. We hope/ make sure that…
3. I wonder if…
讓步狀語從句:

由動詞開頭構成的短語、片語很多。復習時應分類處理:
一、動詞+介詞
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…聽……
3.welcome to…歡迎到……
4.say hello to …向……問好
5.speak to…對……說話
此類短語相當於及物動詞,其後必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。
二、動詞+副詞
「動詞+副詞」所構成的短語義分為兩類:
A.動詞(vt.)+副詞
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。
B.動詞(vi)+副詞。
1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此類短語屬於不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。
三、其它類動詞片語
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games

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2 英語知識哦!!!!!!!!!!!!
10. play games
[介詞短語聚焦]
「介詞+名詞/代詞」所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示「在……排/隊/班級/年級」等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示「在上午/下午/傍晚」等一段時間。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示「在書桌/鉛筆盒/卧室里」。
5.in the tree表示「在樹上 (非樹本身所有)」;on the tree表示「在樹上(為樹本身所有)」。
6.in the wall表示「在牆上(凹陷進去)」;on the wall表示「在牆上(指牆的表面)」。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)應注意此類短語中無the。
8.at + 時刻表示鍾點。
9.like this/that表示方式,意為「像……這/那樣」。
10.of短語表示所屬關系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。
12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為「從……」,後者意為「到……」。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on ty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one』s bike等。
[重點句型大回放]
1.I think…意為「我認為……」,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don』t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為「把……給……」,動詞give之後可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意為「把……(送)帶到……」,後常接地點,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為「一個是……;另一個是……」,必須是兩者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意為「讓某人做某事」,人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don』t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let』s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,後者不包括聽者在內,
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為「幫助某人做某事」,前者用不定式作賓補,後者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換.
7.What about…?/How about…?意為「……怎麼樣?」是用來詢問或徵求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。
8.It』s time to do…/ It』s time for sth. 意為「該做……的時間了」,其中to後須接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為「喜歡做某事」, 前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作;後一種句型側重習慣性的動作,
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為「讓某人(不要)做某事」,其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為「把某物給某人看」,該句型的用法同前面第2點。
12.introce sb. to sb. 意為「把某人介紹給另一人」;introce to sb.則是「向某人作介紹」。
[重點短語快速復習]
1.kinds of 各種各樣的
2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones'way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及時
13. make one』s way to…往……(艱難地)走去
14. just then 正在那時
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走錯路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩
19. get on 上車
20. get off 下車

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3 英語知識哦!!!!!!!!!!!!
21. stand in line 站隊
22. waiting room 候診室,候車室
23. at the head of……在……的前頭
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 亂丟,拋散
26. in fact 實際上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one』s temperature 給某人體溫
31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛
32. have a headache 頭痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反復地
38. wake up 醒來,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 檢查
41. take exercise運動
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按時
45. out of從……向外
46. all by oneself 獨立,單獨
47. lots of=a lot of 許多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回來,取回
50. sooner or later遲早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追趕
54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顧,照料
56. think of 考慮到,想起
57. keep a diary 堅持寫日記
58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下
59. harder and harder 越來越厲害
60. turn on打開(電燈、收音機、煤氣等)
61. turn off 關
[重溫重點句型]
1.So + be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語.
前面陳述的肯定情況也適於另一人(物)時,常用到這種倒裝結構,表示「另一人(物)也如此。」前面陳述的否定情況也適於另一人(物)時,常用「Neither/ Nor + be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語.」這種倒裝結構。
注意:「So+主語+be/助動詞/情態動詞.」這一句型常用於表示贊同,進一步肯定對方的看法,表示「的確如此。」「是呀。」
neither...nor... , both...and... , either...or... , not only...but also...等句型要遵循相鄰原則。
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
這一指路的句型意為「在第一/二/……個十字路口向右/左拐。」相當於Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示「干某事花了某人一段時間。」其中的it是形式主語,後面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的主語.
就等於spent time on sth / spent time in doing sth
4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式賓語,不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語的補足語,後面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的賓語。
5.What』s wrong with…?
此句型相當於What』s the matter/ trouble with…?後跟某物作賓語時,意為「某物出什麼毛病了?」後跟某人作賓語時,意為「某人怎麼了?」
6.too…to…
在so…that…復合句中,that後的句子是否定句時,常與簡單句too…to…(太……而不能……)進行句型轉換。
在so…that…復合句中,that後的句子是肯定句時,常與簡單句…enough to…進行句型轉換.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句應為I』m sorry to hear that. 意為「聽到此事我很難過(遺憾)。」常用於對別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。
[重點句型、片語大盤點]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過去是一位漢語老師。
[用法] used to + 動詞原形,表示過去經常性的動作或存在的狀態,含有現在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn』t to do或didn』t use to do.
[比較] used to do sth. 過去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 習慣於做某事;be used to do sth. 被用來做某事。

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4 英語知識哦!!!!!!!!!!!!
2.…return it sooner or later.
……遲早要將它歸還。
[用法] l)sooner or later意為「遲早」、「早晚」。
2)return此處用作及物動詞,意為「歸還」,相當於give back.
[拓展]return還可用作不及物動詞,意為「返回」,相當於go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…無論天氣……
[用法]no matter what 相當於whatever,其意為「無論什麼」,引導狀語從句。
[拓展]類似no matter what的表達方式還有:
no matter when無論什麼時候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什麼地方
no matter who無論誰
no matter how 無論怎麼樣
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年經人與格林先生練習講英語。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示「實踐、練習(做)某事」。
[拓展]practice名詞,「實踐」、「實施」、「練習」;put a plan into practice實行某計劃。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓勵大家參加保護我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動。
[用法]1)encourage用作動詞,意思是「鼓勵」、「支持」。
2)take part in「參加」,常表示參加活動。
3)protect 是動詞,表示「防禦」、「保護」。
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當心水裡的鯊魚。
[用法] warn用作動詞,意思是「警告」、「警戒」。
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that從句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當心某事/不要做某事
常用動詞短語

1.have: have a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain have a great effect on
have a good time have a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth
have no choice but to do sth have a rest have on
2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to do sth make a living make up one』s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology make it a rule
make it make into make…out of… make up
make of make from make a call
3.take: take a seat take a message for take an interest in
take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do
take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part in
take place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine
take up
4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a go
go skating\fishing\shopping\swimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go out
go over go against go without go on a picnic go through
5.get: get down to doing sth get hurt\married\dressed\caught
get over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing
get used to doing sth get rid of get tired of
6.put: put on put forward put off put out
put up put on weight put away put down
7.play: play an important part in play an important role in
play football play the piano
8.keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off keep out
keep one』s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doing
keep on doing keep order
9.give: give away give out give off give up

作者: 軒軒小子 2008-2-25 19:09 回復此發言

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5 英語知識哦!!!!!!!!!!!!
give in give some advice on… give a talk on sth give first aid
10.come: come about come across come on come out
come to oneself come true come up
11.bring: bring down bring in bring up bring along
12.break: break down break out break away from
break up break into break off break in
13.turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn on
turn up turn out to…
14.look: look out look up look down upon look after
look at look for look around look over look as if
look forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on
15.do: do sb a favour do up do one』s hair do a good deed do wrong
1.弄清詞語自身結構用法學生做題時往往僅限於依據詞語的中文含義,簡單對照。這樣就造成了許多中文正確,而英語結構上的錯誤。如「允許某人干某事」,allow sb to do sth,而不可用做agree sb to do sth.「同意干某事」說allow doing sth.而agree卻應為agree to do sth.再如:「希望某人去干某事」expect sb to do sth.不可說為hopesbtodosth.「建議某人去干某事」,說advise sb to do.就不可說是suggest sb to do sth.這是根據動詞自身的基本用法而決定的。這些更需要學習中不斷積累。

下面是一些常用動詞的不同結構用法:
A.以下動詞與不定式連用即afford to do sth .afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,
help,
hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish
B.以下動詞與動名詞連用即admit doing sth admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,can』t help,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,mind,miss,
order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest
C.以下動詞與不定式復合結構連用即advise sb to do sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,
long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc.let,have,make,(使役動詞後的不定式去掉to)see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel(感官動詞後的不定式去掉to)

常用動詞短語

1.have: have a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain have a great effect on
have a good time have a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth
have no choice but to do sth have a rest have on
2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to do sth make a living make up one』s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology make it a rule
make it make into make…out of… make up
make of make from make a call
3.take: take a seat take a message for take an interest in
take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do
take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part in
take place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine
take up
4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a go
go skating\fishing\shopping\swimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go out
go over go against go without go on a picnic go through
5.get: get down to doing sth get hurt\married\dressed\caught
get over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing
get used to doing sth get rid of get tired of
6.put: put on put forward put off put out
put up put on weight put away put down
7.play: play an important part in play an important role in
play football play the piano
8.keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off keep out
keep one』s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doing
keep on doing keep order
9.give: give away give out give off give up
give in give some advice on… give a talk on sth give first aid
10.come: come about come across come on come out
come to oneself come true come up
11.bring: bring down bring in bring up bring along
12.break: break down break out break away from
break up break into break off break in
13.turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn on
turn up turn out to…
14.look: look out look up look down upon look after
look at look for look around look over look as if
look forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on
15.do: do sb a favour do up do one』s hair do a good deed do wrong

⑤ 初中英語的八種語法

也就是8種時態:一般現在--一般過去時,現在進行時---過去進行時
一般將來時--過去將來時,現在完成時----過去完成時語法項目 構 成 用 法 象 征 詞 規則變化 不規則變化 例 句
一般現在時 動詞用原形
三人稱單數-s / es 表示經常性的
動作或狀態 Every often always on 天 in月、季、節、年。 一般-s –es 輔音+y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般過去時 動詞用過去時
Be—was/ were 表過去某個、段時間內動作及狀態 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般將來時 be going to+V原
will / shall + V原 在將來某個時間或
某段時要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用進行表將來 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
現在進行時 be+doing 表此時此刻正進行的動作或狀態 listen look now
all the time Don』t… 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
現在完成時
現在完成進行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 發生在過去影響在現在的動作或狀態等 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever 分詞規則的同過去式是一樣的 不規則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個記憶 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.過去進行時 was / were +doing
多用於復合句中 表在過去某時間正在進行的動作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 雙寫
+ing tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
過去完成時 had+動過去分詞
多用於復合句中 該動作發生在過去的過去 by the time+過去時
when after before 規則的分詞構成與過去時一樣的 需要逐個記憶
詳見不規則動詞表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
過去將來時 would + V 原形
多用賓語從句中 過去看來將要發生的動作或狀態 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比較級形式
形容副詞名詞 後--er 前加more
名詞比較用more 表示兩個人、物
之間進行比較時 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-ier good/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高級形式
形容副詞名詞 後-est 前加most
名詞比較用most 大於等於三個人、物之間進行比較 in the +比較范圍
of the 具體的數字 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結尾-iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高級加the)
動詞不定式
to do沒有人稱和數的變化 作主語
To read is helpful for anybody now . 作賓語
He wants to buy a dictionary. 作賓補
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it. 作表語
His job is to take care of children . 作狀語
He』ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定語
He has much homework
to do every day .
主從復合句 狀語從句
句子作狀語 (時間地點原因條件讓步比較)
He was writing a letter when I came in。 賓語從句
句子作賓語(語序、時態、引導詞、客觀事實)
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定語從句
句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞)
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主動結構

被動結構
主動語態:主語(人、物)+ 謂語 + 賓語
動作執行者 + 及物動詞 + 動作承受者
被動語態:主語(人、物)+be PP + by賓語
動作承受者 + be PP + by動作執行者
在被動語態中沒有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .
主語 謂語 賓語
English is spoken by us

賓改主 謂語動詞 be PP 主by 賓 主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞be pp,時態隨主、數隨被
PP 是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed 或不規則詳見表
被動句的時態(be)隨主動句的時態(do)人稱和數應隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等 )

可以嗎?

⑥ 八年級全冊英語語法

上冊
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
希望能幫到你

⑦ 初中英語外研社版8年級下冊學習重點及語法知識

a series of 一系列,一連串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 畢竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同時
all but 幾乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始終
all the same 仍然,照樣的
as regards 關於,至於
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 實際上
apart from 除...外(有/無)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由於
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 遠至,到...程度
as for 至於,關於
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...幾乎一樣
as usual 像平常一樣,照例
as to 至於,關於
all right 令人滿意的;可以
as well 同樣,也,還
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(還有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 絲毫(不),一點也不
at all costs 不惜一切代價
at all events 不管怎樣,無論如何
at all times 隨時,總是
at any rate 無論如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起來
at hand 在手邊,在附近
at heart 內心裡,本質上
at home 在家,在國內
at intervals 不時,每隔...
at large 大多數,未被捕獲的
at least 至少
at last 終於
at length 最終,終於
at most 至多,不超過
at no time 從不,決不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾經,一度;同時
at present 目前,現在
at sb's disposal 任...處理
at the cost of 以...為代價
at the mercy of 任憑...擺布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有時,間或
back and forth 來回地,反復地
back of 在...後面
before long 不久以後
beside point 離題的,不相乾的
beyond question 毫無疑問
by air 通過航空途徑
by all means 盡一切辦法,務必
by and by 不久,遲早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用體力
by itself 自動地,獨自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 錯誤地,無意地
by no means 決不,並沒有
by oneself 單獨地,獨自地
by reason of 由於
by the way 順便說說
by virtue of 藉助,由於
by way of 經由,通過...方法
e to 由於,因為
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,雖然
ever so 非常,極其
every now and then 時而,偶爾
every other 每隔一個的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面對面地
far from 遠非,遠離
for ever 永遠
for good 永久地
for the better 好轉
for the moment 暫時,目前
for the present 暫時,目前
for the sake of 為了,為了...的利益
for the time being 暫時,眼下
from time to time 有時,不時
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切關聯
head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地
how about ...怎麼樣
in a hurry 匆忙,急於
in case of 假如,防備
in a moment 立刻,一會兒
in a sense 從某種意義上說
in a way 在某種程度上
in a word 簡言之,總之
in accordance with 與...一致,按照
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外(還)
in advance 預先,事先
in all 總共,合計
in any case 無論如何
in any event 無論如何
in brief 簡單地說
in charge of 負責,總管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由於
in debt 欠債,欠情
in detail 詳細地
in difficulty 處境困難
in effect 實際上,事實上
in general 一般來說,大體上
in favor of 支持,贊成
in front of 面對,在...前
in half 成兩半
in hand 在進行中,待辦理
in honor of 為慶祝,為紀念
in itself 本質上,就其本身而言
in line with 與...一致
in memory of 紀念
in no case 決不
in no time 立即,馬上
in no way 決不
in order 按順序,按次序
in other words 換句話說
in part 部分地
in particular 特別,尤其
in person 親自,本人
in place 在合適的位置
in place of 代替,取代,交換
in practice 在實踐中,實際上
in proportion to 與...成比例
in public 公開地,當眾
in quantity 大量
in question 正在談論的
in regard to 關於,至於
in relation to 關於,涉及
in return 作為報答/回報/交換
in return for 作為對...報答
in short 簡言之,總之
in sight 被見到;在望
in spite of 盡管
in step 齊步,合拍
in step with 與...一致/協調
in tears 流著淚,在哭著
in the course of 在...期間/過程中
in the distance 在遠處
in the end 最後,終於
in the event of 如果...發生,萬一
in the face of 即使;在...面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未來
in the least 絲毫,一點
in (the)light of 鑒於,由於
in the way 擋道
in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及時
in touch 聯系,接觸
in turn 依次,輪流;轉而
in vain 徒勞,白費力
instead of 代替,而不是
just now 眼下;剛才
little by little 逐漸地
lots of 許多
many a 許多
more or less 或多或少,有點
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt 無疑地
no less than 不少於...;不亞於...
no longer 不再
no more 不再
no more than 至多,同...一樣不
none other than 不是別的,正是
on one's guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不過
now and then 時而,偶爾
off and on 斷斷續續,間歇地
off ty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小規模地
on account of 由於
on(an/the) average 平均,通常
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(車/飛機)上
on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on ty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 起火著火
on foot 步行,
on guard 站崗,值班
on hand 在場,在手邊
on occasion(s) 有時,間或
on one's own 獨立,獨自
on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售,廉價出售
on schele 按時間表,准時
on second thoughts 經重新考慮
on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根據,以...為由
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the point of 即將...的時刻
on the road 在旅途中
on the side 作為兼職/副 業
on the spot 在場;馬上
on the whole 總的來說,大體上
on time 准時
once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一勞永逸地
once in a while 偶爾
once more 再一次
once upon a time 從前
one another 相互
or else 否則,要不然
or so 大約,左右
other than 非;除了
out of 從...中;由於;缺乏
out of breath 喘不過氣來
out of control 失去控制
out of date 過時的
out of doors 在戶外
out of order 出故障的
out of place 不適當的
out of practice 久不練習,荒疏
out of sight 看不見,在視野外
out of the question 毫無可能的
out of touch 不聯系,不接觸
over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior at 在...之前
quite a few 相當多,不少
rather than 不是...(而是)
regardless of 不顧,不惜
right away 立即,馬上
side by side 肩並肩,一起
so far 迄今為止
sooner or later 遲早,早晚
step by step 逐步地
such as 例如,諸如
thanks to 由於,多虧
that is (to say) 就是說,即
to the point 切中要害,切題
under control 處於控制之下
under the circumstances 這種情況下
up to date 在進行中
up to 多達;直到;勝任;取決於
what if 切合目前情況的
what about 怎麼樣
with respect to 如果...將怎麼樣
with regard to 關於,至於
without question 關於,至於,
with the exception of 除...之外
without question 毫無疑問
word for word 逐字的
回答者: 264867 - 秀才 二級 3-24 19:23
a series of 一系列,一連串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 畢竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同時
all but 幾乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
其他的忘了
回答者: KITTY_WWY - 見習魔法師 二級 3-25 15:16
仁愛八年級英語下冊
Unit 5 Topic 1
How are you doing?=How are you?
你好嗎?
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
say thanks/hello/goodbye to sb.
對……說謝謝/你好/再見
look happy /tired看起來很開心/累
smiling faces 滿臉笑容
one of my favorite 我最喜愛的……之一
be /feel disappointed /proud/ lonely
感到失望/自豪/孤獨
a ticket to...一張…的票
wish to do sth.希望做某事
set a table for...為……擺放餐具
have a temperature=have a fever 發燒
be able to do sth. 能做某事
sound worried 聽起來焦急
ring up 打電話
care for= look after=take care of 照顧
become angry =be angry生氣
cheer up 使……振作/高興起來
at first 起初
play the role of 扮演……角色
be on 上演,放映
be with 在一起
on the night of 在……的夜晚
fall into 落入
in the end=at last 最後

go mad 發瘋
come into being 形成,誕生
be full of 充滿……
be popular with 受……喜愛
make peace 製造和平
end with 以…….結束
begin with以……開始
Topic 2
do badly/well in 在……方面差/好
have a talk with sb. = talk with sb.
與某人談話
be worried about 為……擔憂.
be strict with sb.…對某人嚴格要求 be strict about sth.…對某事嚴格要求
be patient with對……耐心
explain …to 向……解釋
over and over again 反復地,一再
be pleased with/ about / at sb.
對某人感到滿意
be bored with 對……感到討厭
be tired of 對……感到疲憊
be mad at對……感到氣憤
be glad about對……感到高興
be angry with sb. 因某人而生氣
be angry at / about sth. 因某事而生氣
be anxious about / at sth.對某事感到焦急
wait in line 「排隊等候」= wait in a queue
pass the exam 通過考試
get/ask/tell sb. to do sth
使(讓,叫)某人做某事;
let/ make/ have sb. do sth.
使(讓,叫)某人做某事
because of (doing) sth因為
at one』s age 在某人的年齡時
eat less high-energy food 少吃高能量的品
calm down 冷靜,鎮靜
have bad experiences 有不好的經歷
in one』s teens 在某人十幾歲時
happen to sb 發生在某人身上
It is said...據說
give sb a hand 幫助某人=do sb.a favor
get/be used to (doing)sth 習慣於做某事
be/make friends with 與……交朋友
join in 參加(活動)=take part in
fit in 被他人接受,相處融洽
give best wishes to sb.
向某人致以最美好的祝願
deal with處理,處置
all the time 一直
fail to pass an exam=fail an exam
考試不及格
refuse to do sth 拒絕做某事
argue with sb與某人爭吵
stop doing sth停止做某事
stop to do sth停下來去做某事
have a normal life過正常的生活
Topic3
sound terrible 聽起來可怕
let/ make/ have sb. do sth.
使(讓,叫)某人做某事
be sorry about 對……感到難過
過你的病
be afraid of (doing) sth / be afraid to do sth./ be afraid that……
害怕…… 擔心……
understand.你要是不懂,盡管來問
I』m afraid……恐怕……很遺憾……
get well 康復
be worried about 為……擔憂.
at the end of
在……最後,在……盡頭(末端)
the month.我很擔心月底的考試
make sb./sth. +形容詞/ 名詞「使…….」
Take it easy.= Don』t worry.
別緊張,別著急
take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事
help sb.with sth.幫助某人復習/學習…
learn by oneself =teach oneself 自學
What/How about (doing) sth.…怎麼樣
let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事
instead of (doing)sth.=in place of
代替(做)某事
take good care of yourself 好好照顧你自己
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
come back to返回……
advise sb.to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advice 是不可數名詞
a piece of advice 一個建議
be happy for…因……而開心
be bad/ good for對…有害\益
(be) in a good/bad mood
處在好/ 糟糕心情中
in good health 健康狀況良好
try to do sth. 設法做某事
smile at life 笑對生活
give a surprise to sb. =give sb. a surprise
給某人一個驚喜
put on 上演,放映
put on a short play上演一出短劇
at the English corner 英語角
prepare for 為…准備
calm down 鎮靜
on the way to+ 名詞;
on the way+副詞 在……路上
On the /his way to school. 在他上學的路上
take part in參加(活動)
give a speech=give speeches 做演講
in front of 在……前面
make sb. happy 使某人開心
make sb. feel sad使某人感到悲傷
on Mid-autumn Festival 在中秋節
the full moon 滿月
in the sky 在天空
get together with sb. 與某人聚在一起
feel lonely感到寂寞/孤獨
be full of 裝滿,充滿
fill…with…用把裝滿,
be filled with….被裝滿
change one』s feelings 改變某人的感受
fall asleep 入睡
some day 總有一天
affect one』s moods 影響某人情緒
have unhappy thoughts 產生不開心的戀頭
try out 試用,試驗 try on 試穿
be in a good mood 處在一個好心情中
take care of sb.=look after照顧某人
do in good spirits
處在良好的精神狀態中做某事
take time to do sth 花時間做某事
remember to do sth 記住去做某事 remember doing sth.記住做過某事
talk with sb. 與某人談話
tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人某事
get help from 從某人那得到幫助
make important decisions制定重要的決定
think over仔細考慮
get back to sth. 恢復到……
watch TV看電視
be late for (doing) sth. 做……遲了
get along / on (good)with 與……相處(好)
had better do sth.最好做……
had better not do sth. 最好不做……
decide to do sth. 決定做某事
Unit 6 Topic 1
去春/郊遊
go on a spring trip= go on a field trip
去什麼地方參觀/旅遊 go on a visit to sw.
泰山兩日游
go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai
做決定 make the decision
決定 decide on/upon sth.
到達那的最好方式
The best way to get there .
到達那的最佳時間
The best time to get there .
找出,查明 find out
一些信息 some information
乘……的費用
the cost to go by …=the cost by…
我想做…… I』d love to do…
問航空公司 ask the airline
打電話on the phone
帶回---到--- bring back…to…
北京火車站 Beijing Railway Station
我想做…… I』d like to do …I would like to do=I』d love to do…
訂票book tickets
為某人/某物訂房間
book a room for sb./sth.
硬卧 the hard sleeper
軟卧 the soft sleeper
預定 make a reservation
20張硬卧票 20 tickets for the hard sleeper = 20 hard sleeper train tickets
雙人間 a room with two single beds
單人間 a room with a single bed
一間標准房 a standard room
算出 work out
總價格 total cost / price
籌款 raise money
想出,產生,趕上 come up with
籌錢的途徑 the ways to raise money
想出(主意),找到答案 come up with
在中午 at noon
在校門口 at the school gate
許多名勝古
many interesting places=many places of interest
立刻 , 馬上 right now=at once
期望做某事 look forward to (doing) sth

Topic 2
收到某人的來信 hear from
at the foot of--- 在---腳下
have a rest 休息
plan to do sth. 計劃做某事
look at 看一看, 瞧
look at the night scene 看夜景
have a wonderful / good/ nice/ great / time = enjoy oneself= have fun 玩得高興
get to =arrive in / at = reach 到達
last week 上星期
the sea of clouds 雲海
in the daytime = in the day 在白天
have a big dinner 吃大餐
a local restaurant 一家當地的餐館
places of interest 名勝古跡
收到某人的來信
receive one』s letter = hear from sb.
忙於做某事 be busy doing sth.
進行be on 我在度假I am on vacation.
的確,當然 You bet.=Yes , of course.
在40分之後 forty minutes later
after, in, later 在...之後
①in + 一段時間(用於一般將來時)
②after + 一段時間(用於一般過去時)
③after + 一點時間(常用於一般將來時)
④時間 + later
期望做某事 look forward to (doing) sth.
at the foot of--- 在---腳下
spread over 蔓延,拖延
40 km2=40 square kilometers
the beginning of ……的開端
on both sides of 在……的兩邊
in the old days 在過去, 在古代
start do sth. =begin to do sth 開始做某事
make sure 確信
by the way 順便問一下
two and a half hours 兩個半小時
tell sth. from sth. 辨別…. the peace of country 祥和
high prestige 崇高威望
to the east of …
在…的….面(指……范圍外)
in the east of
在….的….部(指……范圍內)
on the east of 在…的東面(指……接壤) two and a half hours 兩個半小時
arrive at /in = get to =reach 到達
the parking lot 停車場
look for 尋找
look for space to park bikes
尋找停車的空地
be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
take out 拿出
take pictures/ phones照相
in different directions 以不同方向
step on 踏, 踩
rush out of 沖出
out of sight 看不見, 在視野之外
so …that+句子
如此……以致……(引導結果狀語從句)
so that 以便, 為了(引導目的狀語從句)
not…until…
直到……才……(引導時間狀語從句)
each other 互相
as soon as
一…….就……(引導時間狀語從句)
be famous for 以……著名
can』t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
write to sb.寫信給某人
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
e-mail sb. 發郵件給某人
pay attention to 注意
get off 下(車,馬等)
get on 上(車,馬等)
stand for 象徵
the peace of the country 祥和
have lunch / breakfast / supper
吃午飯/早飯/晚飯
shout at 對……喊
have fun doing sth. 高興做某事
look for 尋找
here and there 到處
ask sb. for help 尋求某人的幫助
Thank goodness! 謝天謝地

⑧ 初中英語8個重點語法

也就是8種時態:一般現在--一般過去時,現在進行時---過去進行時
一般將來時--過去將來時,現在完成時----過去完成時

⑨ 8年級的英語語法概念

Ⅰ. 初中英語八種時態歸納復習
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容,廣大初中學生在實際運用時,往往對時態總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。
一、一般現在時:
概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
時間狀語:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①把be動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
二、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
三、現在進行時:
概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結構:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
四、過去進行時:
概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
五、現在完成時:
概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑問句:have或has。
六、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結構:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放於句首。
七、一般將來時:
概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結構:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、過去將來時:
概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結構:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:
一、一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、「be going to+動詞原形」與「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構的轉換
「be going to+動詞原形」、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構在書面語中,當主語為第一人稱時,常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday

⑩ 初中八年級英語所有語法

現在完成時
1.構成
現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬於現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞,說明句子的意義。
2.用法
(1)表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間,但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續性動詞連用。 如:
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已經)吃午飯了嗎? 我剛剛吃過。(現在我不餓了)
(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進行。常用延續性動詞,常帶有for和since(自從)等表示一段時間的狀語。
如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續教)
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。
(3)表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作,現在成為一種經驗,一般譯為漢語「過」,常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如: I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3.結構
1)陳述句結構:主語+have( has)(not)+過去分詞+其它。have not=haven』t has not= hasn』t.
2) 一般疑問句結構:Have( Has )+主語+過去分詞+其它?
3) 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞+其它?
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn』t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn』t. / No, not yet.
4.現在完成時的時間狀語
1)現在完成時屬於現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是,在強調動作產生的後果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用於肯定句中,yet一般用於否定句和 疑問句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b. 用ever 和never。多用於否定或疑問句中,表示「曾經」或「從未「等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如just(剛剛), before(以前), up to now(直到現在)/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她,但記不起在哪裡見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那裡三次了。 d.用包括「現在」在內的時間狀語,如:today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如:-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你見過他嗎?我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那裡多少次?
2) 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示「一段時間」的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始,一直持續到現在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示「一段時間」的狀語連用。要用,必須改為「be(在)」等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換:
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。(不可以說has died)
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鍾了。(不可以說has begun)
We have studied English for three years. (不可以說have begun) 我們(開始)學英語已三年了。
5. 現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等,而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發生,不表示和現在的關系。試比較:
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。(現在還未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。(昨天丟的,現在找到與否沒說明)
6.幾點注意事項 (1)have been(to)與have gone( to)的區別:have been(to) 表示「去過某地(現在已經回來了)」,可用於各人稱;have gone(to) 表示「去某地了(說話時某人不在當地)」,常用於第 三人稱,前者可與once ,never, several times等連用,後者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (2)「It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句」表示「某人干某事已經多長時間了」。since從句的謂語要用非延續性動詞 若動詞延續,則譯成相反的意思。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。 (3)終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續的狀態,因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來,我一直沒有離開過這兒。 (4).提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如:
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。(這部最好)
註:否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用於完成時態。如:
--- What about going fishing? --- I can』t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語(多數情況下變為賓語 從句)
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句,變為間接引語時,用連詞that 引導(口語中可以省略引導詞)賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「I』ll visit my aunt tomorrow.」 Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,」 It』s important to finish your homework.」
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
「_______________________________________.」they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn』t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said』」_______________________________.」
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句,變為間接引語時,變為由連詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「Will you have a surprise party for me?」 he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,」 Can you help me?」 ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ,」__________________________________?」
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句,變為間接引語時,疑問詞不變,賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. The teacher asked,」 Why are all the windows open?」
______________________________________________.
b. 「When will you find out the time?」 she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. 「What』s the matter with you, Alice?」 he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句,變為間接引語時,謂語變為tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:
a. 「Make sure the door is closed,」 she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. 「Tell me the news, please.」 Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
「_______________________________,」 he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句,變為間接引語時,謂語變為tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變為間接引語或直接引語:a. 「Don』t smoke in the room,」 he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. 「Don』t shout at the old man,」 I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
「____________________________, 「 our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don』t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at

2. if 條件句 在一般將來時的句子里(指主句),時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態動詞或主句為祈使句時,從句也用一般現在時。如:You must pay for it if you lose it.

附加疑問句
附加疑問句由「陳述句 + 附加疑問句」兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式:前肯後否或前否後肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點: 1)主語只能用人稱代詞;2)附加疑問句的not必須與(be /助/情)縮寫;3)附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。
Tom is a worker, isn』t Tom? (改錯) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯) ______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時,附加疑問句應使用肯定形式;但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時,該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理,疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren』t they?
2. this/that作主語時,無論是否指人,疑問部分用it;these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn』t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can』t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時,附加疑問句的主語應用it;陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時,附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時,附加疑問句一般用:will you? 但注意:
Let』s…(包括聽者在內), 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …(不包括聽者在內), 附加疑問句一般用will you? Let』s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結構時,應用be there?結構來完成。 There』s little water, _________?
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時,疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是」I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句」時,附加問句應與從句一致。I』m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don』t think you are right,________?
3) I』m sure you』ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren』t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時, 疑問部分分別用hadn』t…?和wouldn』t…? You』d better go out , _______________? You』d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句,附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致,疑問部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn』t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人,其附加疑問句主語用復數代詞。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor,either… or , not only…but also , both…and , not…but,…or…, …and…等連接的並列主語,附加疑問部分用復數。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn』t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時,附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據have 的變化,分別用don』t, doesn』t, didn』t。 He has to take your advice, doesn』t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或片語時,附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn』t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時,附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是「used to+動詞原形(過去常常干某事)」時,疑問部分用「didn』t+主語」或「usedn』t +主語」。 He used to live in London, didn』t he? / usedn』t he?

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