① 高中英語語法 的名詞性從句
名詞性從句
名詞性從句就是在句子中充當名詞功能的以相關從屬連詞引導的從句,包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種。
1.主語從句:以連詞 that what whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever where when how why 引導,在句子中充當主語。
例:What she said is not yet known.
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
Whoever comes is welcome.
That she will do well is her exam is certain.(It is certain that she will do well in her exam.)
註:it 為形式主語,
2.賓語從句:以連詞 that who whom whose what 等引導,在句子中充當賓語。
例:He told us that he felt ill.
Everybody knows what happened.
I doubt whether he will succeed.
I wonder what he is writing about.
3.表語從句:以 that whether who whom whoever when where when 等引導,在句子中充當表語。
例:The trouble is that I lost his address.
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
That was what she did this morning.
This is why we puts off the sports meeting.
4.同位語從句:同位語從句有自己的先行詞,它跟定語從句很相似,先行詞包含從句中所含內容,從句不起修飾作用。我們將在學習定語從句時,在加以詳細比較,多用在連詞what 引導。(不用which,此外還可用whether who where 等也可以引導。在這章中我們著重學習that whether 引導的同位語從句,引導同位語從句的先行詞常用的有:fact news idea whether reply promise truth report remark 等。
例:I heard the news that the Chinese football team defeated the Japanese team
last night.
I have no idea whether he will come or not.
They were all much worried over the fact that you were sick.
關於名詞性從句的學習主要是我們應在學習中加以練習,在練習中反復學習,在多次重復學習和練習中加以掌握。
② 高中英語 名詞性從句 這4題詳細解析
填 whatever 。 句中 It 是形式主語,to give a child whatever he or she wants . 動詞不定式短語作真正的主語, give 是跟雙賓語動詞, a child 是間接賓語, 直接賓語是賓語從句, 賓語從句中want 是及物動詞後缺賓語, 故用 what , 但根據句意孩子不管要啥就給啥, 用whatever 更恰當。
兩空都填what . what we can't get 是主語從句, 從句中get 是及物動詞後缺賓語,故用what ,
than 引導比較狀語從句,屬於主語從句, 從句中動詞have後缺少賓語, 故用what。
填 what , 介詞in 後的從句是賓語從句, 賓語從句中少主語 用 what , in which 是定語從句中用的,這里只能填what .
填 what . idea 後的從句是同位語從句, 從句中缺少主語, 還是用 what , 句子不缺成分才會用that .
注意, 名詞性從句中錯少主語和賓語都要用 what , that 在名詞性從句中不充當句子成分, 在定語從句中 which 和that 充當主語和賓語。
③ 高中英語名詞性從句和定語從句的語法總結(詳細一點)
名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句,其功同名詞一樣。
一.主語從句
主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較
It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什麼成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主語的結構
(1) It is +名詞+從句
(2) it is +形容詞+從句
(3) it is +不及物動詞+從句
(4) it +過去分詞+從句
3. 主語從句不可位於句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居於復合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(4) It doesn』t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。
4. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。
定語從句也稱為關系從句或形容詞性從句,由關系代詞(who, whom, whose, which, that)或關系副詞(as, when, where, why)等引導。關系詞除了起引導作用外,還在從句中指代前面的先行詞,並在從句中擔任一定的成分。
一、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
定語從句就其與先行詞的關系而言,可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號,表示對先行詞起修飾限製作用;而非限定性定語從句和先行詞之間有逗號分開,是對先行詞進行補充說明,相當於並列句。如:
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是個個性很強的人。(限定性定語從句)
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在國外工作,他下周將回來。(非限定性定語從句)
註:1. 非限定性定語從句不能用that來引導,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引導時,既可以修飾主句的部分內容,也可修飾主句的全部內容。如:
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整個主句,在從句中作主語)
2. as引導的非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之後,但which或who引導的非限定性定語從句不能放在主句之前。如:
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定語從句中,關系代詞作賓語時可以省略;但在非限定性定語從句中,關系代詞作賓語時不能省略。如:
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introced me to her husband, whom I hadn』t met before. (whom不能省去)
二、通常只用關系代詞that,不用 which,who或whom的幾種情況
1. 當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等時。如:
All that you want are here.
2. 當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修飾時。如:
There is no person that doesn』t make mistakes.
3. 當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 當出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞,並同時兼指人和物時。如:
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 當主句是以which 或 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。如:
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 當定語從句為there be 句型時,關系代詞只能用that,但經常可以省略。如:
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時,常用that。如:
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和過去不一樣了。
三、as 與其他詞連用引導的定語從句
as 引導定語從句時,可指人也可指物,通常與the same,such,so等連用,形式為:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。如:
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感覺與她自己的一樣。(as代替事,作賓語)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借給你使你感興趣的書。(as代替物,作主語)
註:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物「相似」,指同類事物;that引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物是「同一個」,指同一事物。如:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這和我昨天丟的筆一樣。(類似的筆)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這支筆就是我昨天丟的那支。(同一支筆)
四、「介詞+關系代詞」引導的定語從句
在「介詞+which/whom」結構中,介詞的選擇取決於三種情況:
1.定語從句中謂語動詞或表語的搭配。如:
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2.先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配。如:
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 儀表上顯示出這台機器運轉的速度。
3.當定語從句為最高級時只能用of which; 否則用其他介詞。如:
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
註:不可拆分的動詞短語介詞不能提前,如put up with;有的短語可能有不同的介詞搭配,此時需要根據上下文來確定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。
有時為表意清楚,還可以在關系副詞where/ when前加介詞from, to等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中國是風箏的故鄉,從這里,放風箏的運動傳到了日本、韓國、泰國和印度。
④ 高中英語 名詞性從句
1
why第一空是定於從句,修飾reason
that引導名詞性 表語從句
2
where引導狀語從句
⑤ 高中英語名詞性從句語法
where引導的為地點狀語從句 where引導的地點狀語從句如 Where there is a will, there is a way.---有志者事竟成。 最大的特點是地點狀語從句部分屬於從屬地位,可以略去而只留主句there is a road。而定語從句需要有先行詞 這句話沒有先行詞 完整說來 這句話地點狀語從句where there was violence,加上主句drugs were always behind it這個主從復合句做saw的賓語。
A1:在where there was violence這個狀語從句中,連接詞where在從句中不做主語或者賓語而只作狀語,剩下的there was violence 是主系表 也叫主動補結構。where 和 there沒有相互制約 也就是只能用其一的規則。完全是根據句法需要來進行句子編碼(encoding)。
A2:這句話鏈接詞是where 在there was violence之前的那個where,很簡單 一個連接詞連接兩句完整句,there was violence和drugs were always behind it.是兩個完整句 主謂賓都不缺少,where作為連接詞引導地點狀語從句。
⑥ 高中英語中名詞性從句和定語從句的知識點語法怎麼做這種的單選
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
[編輯本段]一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連詞:that(無任何詞意)
whether,if(均表示「是否」表明從句內容的不確定性)
as if ,as though(均表示「好像」,「似乎」)
以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, whichever,whomever
連接副詞:when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的連詞:
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:
whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
[編輯本段]二. 主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:
(1) It + be + 名詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣「(should) +do」,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
[編輯本段]三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用「(should)+ 動詞原形」。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作「是否」的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有「or not」時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?現在的問題是她是否應該有一個低意見的測試?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用
不同時態。例如:
he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時)
he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)
he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don』t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。
I don』t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
[編輯本段]四、表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連系動詞後,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
That』s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn』t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【注意】whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句。
[編輯本段]五、同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
[編輯本段]六、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:That she is still alive is her luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置於句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 眾所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-從句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
[編輯本段]七、名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如:
主語: How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置於句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
[編輯本段]八、if, whether引導的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如:
主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
if和whether的區別:
1、 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I can』t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it』s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介詞後,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。
4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用whether 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I really don』t know. 這是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能准時完成這項工作還是個問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出)
5、用if會引起歧義時,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
這句話有兩種意思:「你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?」或「如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?」。如用whether可避免歧義.
[編輯本段]九、否定轉移
1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己採食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,並對她的美貌著了迷。
[編輯本段]十、高考熱點透視
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。當名詞從句在句中作主語時,為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語置於句首,而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用,本身無實義。此句也可以改寫為:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)
A.how B.after C.what D.when
答案C。從句子結構可知,句子的空白處應該填引導賓語從句的連詞,做主句謂語動詞do的賓語,同時該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語,因此,此處的連接詞應該用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案:D。賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,句子語序要用陳述語序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。這是一個表語從句。根據 doubt一詞可知,所懷疑的應是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是「醫生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復過來。」
5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根據句意「一般認為孩子要什麼就給什麼是不好的。」可以看出後面的從句應是一個賓語從句,而從句中wants缺少賓語,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語的;排除A和D,whichever表示「無論哪一個,無論哪些」,應表示一定范圍內的人或物,此處沒有涉及事物的范圍,所以應選 B.whatever,表示「無論什麼」。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是:無論誰最後離開房間一定要把燈關掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導的名詞性從句,連接代詞whoever可以引導名詞性從句,並在從句中作主語,相當於any person who或The person who, 意為「一切……的人」。而anyone和the person均非連詞,不能引導從句,況who leaves the room last意為「某個最後離開房間的人」,與題意不符,如果要選A. Anyone或B. The person,都必須在它們後面再加上引導定語從句的關系代詞who。如果要選D. Who就體現不出「無論誰」的含義了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案為C。本題句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的從句的區別是:前者既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導讓步狀語從句;後者只能引導讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D,從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根據語境,甲說上周驅車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據此來詢問甲這是否是請幾天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語境不符。根據上句提供的語境,下句應該問「那就是你為什麼離開幾天的原因嗎?」
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根據從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語,排除D.what,而答案C, D均與題意不符,所以應選A.when。used to be表示一種過去存在的狀態,本句的意思是「我仍然記得這里在什麼時候是個寧靜的地方。」
10.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
A.where B.what C.how D.which
答案D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是「我在某本書中讀到過有關這方面的內容,是哪一本書重要嗎?」。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導,接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名詞後,用來解釋或說明名詞的內容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder後面應跟賓語從句,而從句中的謂語動詞do是及物動詞,可見從句缺少一個代替賓語的成分,我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引導方式狀語的how,答案是C,句子的意思是「我們能就此做些什麼」。
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http://ke..com/view/56536.htm?fr=ala0_1_1
⑦ 一道高中英語語法題(名詞性從句)
這是同位語從句,不是定語從句,也不是賓語從句。只能用weather
不能用if,和shall完全沒有版關系
另外,權If
和weather區分是在賓語從句中,別記混了。
翻譯:什麼時候開運動會仍然是個問題。
按照意思,只能選擇D
⑧ 英語名詞性從句的語法知識
你這個問題太寬泛。只能選擇部分回答。
有時因意思表達的需要,要用一個從句在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語,稱為名詞性從句(包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)。名詞性從句作為一個整體,本身在整個句子中起一個名詞的作用;同時既是從句,就從句內來說,也有主、謂成份。當然,從句要有引導詞。
引導詞的基本含義及用法
對於引導詞要注意兩點:a. 本身所含的意思,b. 其在從句中所充當的句子成分。據此,可以分成幾類(這是我自己的辦法,要比別的辦法管用)
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1.That 既無意義,也不在句子中擔任成分。
可以說只是一個「標志」,標明所跟的是一個從句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2.Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意義,但在從句中不擔任成分。
Whether/if --「是否」;because—「因為」;as if—「似乎」
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it』s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don』t have confidence.
3.When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意義,且在從句中擔任狀語。
When--「。。。的時間」或「何時」;whenever—「無論何時」,作時間狀語
Where—「。。。的地點」或「何地」;wherever—「無論何地」,作地點狀語。
Why--「。。。的原因」或「為什麼」,作原因狀語。
How--「。。。的方式」或「怎樣」;however—「無論怎樣」,作方式狀語。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don』t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4.What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意義,且在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
What—「。。。的(東西、事情。。。)」或「什麼」,whatever—「無論什麼」,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Which—「哪一個/些」,whichever—「無論哪一個/些」,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。
Who—「誰」,whoever—「無論誰」,在從句中作主語、表語,有時也可代whom,whomever作賓語。
Whom—「誰」,whomever「無論誰」(罕用),在從句中作賓語。
She is sorry for what she said. (她所說的話)(what無疑問含義)
I don』t know what will happen next. (將發生什麼事)(what有疑問含義)
I don't know which of us was the more scared. (我們中的哪一個更害怕)
They never found out who the murderer was. (謀殺者是誰)
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. (關於他外出我告訴了誰)
He's good at whatever he is does. (他做無論什麼事)
5.What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意義,且在從句中作定語
What—「什麼(樣的)」,whatever— 「無論什麼(樣的)。作定語。
Which—「哪個/些」,whichever—「無論哪個/些」。作定語。
Whose—「誰的」,在從句中作定語。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. (那個學校)
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. (什麼大學)
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. (誰的主意)
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. (無論什麼懷疑)
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. (無論什麼方法)
⑨ 高中英語名詞性從句總結 謝謝
名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞分類 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類: 連詞(5個):that (賓語從句或表語從句中that有時可以省略) whether,if (均表示「是否」表明從句內容的不確定性) as if ,as though (均表示「好像」,「似乎」) 以上在從句中均不充當任何成分 連接代詞(9個):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 連接副詞(7個):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的連詞: 1. 介詞後的連詞 2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比較 whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether: 1. whether引導主語從句並在句首 2. 引導表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語 4. 常與 "or not" 連用;if 則不可。 5. 引導同位語從句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末,用 it充當形式主語。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主語從句 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if,as if和because等連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom等以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。because引導表語從句。註:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意義。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什麼,還不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪裡舉行,還沒有宣布。 有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放於句首,而把主語從句置於句末。主語從句後的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下: (1) It + be + 名詞 + that從句 (2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 (3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 (4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣「(should) +do」,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 三、賓語從句 名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。 1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是並列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如: He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什麼都好,別人什麼都不好。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後,賓語從句常用「(should)+ 動詞原形」。例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當於特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什麼。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作「是否」的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if: a. 引導主語從句並在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句後有「or not」時;e. 後接動詞不定式時。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留? 4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用 不同時態。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. (從句用一般現在時) I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時) I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時) I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現在完成時) 當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don』t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。 I don』t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。 四、表語從句 在復合句中,位於系動詞之後作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位於連系動詞後,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。 That』s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。 That is why he didn』t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什麼不到會的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句。 五、同位語從句 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如: The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。 同位語從句和定語從句的區別: that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略) 六、名詞性that-從句 (1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如: 主語:That she is still alive is her luck. 她還活著全靠運氣。 賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。 同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。 形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對工作滿意我感到很高興。 2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置於句末,例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃註定要失敗。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系: a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that… 人們相信…… It is known to all that… 眾所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常識 It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實是…… d. It +不及物動詞+ that-從句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 七、名詞性wh-從句 1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如: 主語: How the book will sell depends on its author. 書銷售如何取決於作者本人。 直接賓語:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。 間接賓語:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。 表語: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。 賓語補足語:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。 同位語: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什麼時候回來。 形容詞賓語:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。 介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go. 那取決於我們去哪兒。 2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語,而將wh-從句置於句末,例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 還沒決定誰做這項工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。 八、if, whether引導的名詞從句 1)yes-no型疑問從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和wh-從句的功能相同, 例如: 主語:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有待證實。 賓語:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。 表語:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。 同位語:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。 形容詞賓語: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。 介詞賓語: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。 2)選擇性疑問從句 選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。 if和whether的區別: 1、 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如: 例8 I can』t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I want to know whether it』s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介詞後,只能用whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔心是否會失去工作。 4、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I really don』t know. 這是否真的,我真的不知道。 (例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能准時完成這項工作還是個問題。--此例為主語從句,有誤,感謝指出) 5、用if會引起歧義時,只用whether。如: 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思:「你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎?」或「如果你知道答案,請告訴我,好嗎?」。如用whether可避免歧義. 九、否定轉移 1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。 注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。 2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。 3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。) 4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己採食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個星期,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,並對她的美貌著了迷。