1. 英语中语法那些全列举出来
简单说说吧：非限定动词非限定动词又称非谓语动词，即在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种，即不定式、分词和动名词。本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法；掌握不定时的被动式；不带to 的不定式；三种非谓语动词的复合结构（即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词）的形式及用法；现在分词与过去分词的区别；动名词与不定式的比较；现在分词与不定式的比较等。虚拟语气语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句中。本单元要求学员掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；掌握情态动词用于虚拟语气；了解含蓄条件句；掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系等。介词我们经常在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词前用介词表示人物、事件等与其它句子成分的关系。介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫介词宾语。介词可表示地点、时间、比较、反对、原因、手段、所属、条件、让步、关于、对于、根据等。介词及其宾语构成介词短语，在句中担任后置定语、状语、表语等语法成分。本单元要求熟记常用介词及介词与其它此类的搭配。基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只存在一个主谓关系的句子叫简单句，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时，可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。它们之间的关系是同等的。当一个句子由一个逐句和一个或从句构成时，这就是复合句。复合句的主语往往可以独立存在，从句则只作一个句子成分。本单元重点掌握疑问句，弄清楚各种疑问句的结构及用法，能正确完成附加疑问句部分，能回答各种疑问句。掌握简单句、并列句及复合句的句型结构；学会简单句与并列句、简单句与复合句、并列句与复合句的转换；学会将直接引语变为间接引语；掌握名词从句的用法。 摘自 http://ke..com/view/328219.htm
2. 英语的常用语法
常用语法有 一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道，一个句子是为了说明一件事（或表达一种感情），最简单的表达方式，就是“谁，怎么样了”。这里的“谁”，就是句子的主语，它的内涵很丰富，可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”，就是句子的谓语，由动词充当。主语+谓语，即构成一个最简单的句子。举一些简单的例子：
I dance.
She died.
we agree.
……
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语，宾语是什么呢？还是从句子表达事情的角度看，可以理解为“谁，对谁怎么样了”。宾语，就是主语借助一个动作（谓语）作用的一个对象。还是举一些简单的例子：
I hate him.
I love you.
I dance with her.（注意，为什么这里多了一个with，学过动词那一节的同学肯定知道哦~）
……
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里，我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语，直接宾语，就是谓语动词直接作用的对象，而间接宾语，是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象，再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
如，I give him a book.（“给”，这个动作，最终作用的对象是“书”，但需要先通过“他”，把“给”这个动作传递到书）
注意，如果理解不了这种句型，关系并不大，只有很少一些动词需要通过接两个宾语的方式来表达完整的意思，记住这些动词就行了。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2，这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语，“补足”意思就是补充说明，所以宾语补足语的作用，就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
I want you to go with me.（我要你，要你干什么呢？to go with me，即要你跟我一些走，这个部分就是宾语补足语。）
注意，在这种句型中，补足语可能不是一个具体的单词。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗？我们在动词那一节也讲过哦，这里就不复习了。这个句型，就是在讲如何使用系动词。表语，就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称，不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词，其后一般接形容词；be动词后一般接名词（或不定式等）。同样举一些最简单的例子：
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
……
3. 英语各种语法全解
1. 动词的时态和语态
1．1 动词的时态和语态一览表
时态语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done
现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时
主动被动 are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing
现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时
主动 被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done
现在完成进行时
主动 被动 have been doing
1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用
1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时
英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995
汉语提示语：已经，早已，了
e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.
By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.
2) 现在完成进行时
从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直
e.g. The water has been running the whole night.
3) 过去完成时
a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.
b) hardly…when, no sooner… than
e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中
e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.
I wish I had done better in the exam.
历年考题中的动词时态和语态
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.
Key:
1. comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数
2. has expanded 现在完成时
3. has been 现在完成时
4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式
5. began 一般过去时
6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数
7. has been living 现在完成进行时
8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式
9. witnessed 一般过去时
10. were driven 一般过去时的被动
2. 非谓语动词
2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表
非谓语动词 形式 意义
现在分词
一 般 式 Doing 主动, 正在进行
被 动 式 being done 被动, 正在进行
完成主动式 having done 主动, 已经完成
完成被动式 having been done 被动, 已经完成
过去分词 Done 被动, 已经完成
动词不定式
一 般 式 To do 主动,将要进行
被 动 式 To be done 被动, 将要进行
完成主动式 To have done 主动, 已经完成
进行主动式 To be doing 主动, 正在进行
2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
•动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语
e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）
•分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语
e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间）
Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）
Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件)
2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构
1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)
2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）
3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）
4) With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构）
2.4 非谓语动词作定语
1) If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)
2.5 动名词和动词不定式
• 作主语和表语
动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。
e.g Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
• 作宾语
接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.
接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin
接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：
1) forget, remember, regret
2) stop, continue
3) need/ want
4) allow doing/ allow sb to do
(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
(2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
(4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
历年考题中的非谓语动词
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the instry of the future will have to know about robotics.
3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction.
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease.
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible.
8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.
9. I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.
10. Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.
Key:
1. doing 动名词做enjoy的宾语
2. wanting 现在分词作定语
3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语
4. used 过去分词作定语
5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中
6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语
7. removed 过去分词作宾补
8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中
9. feel couldn’t help but 后接动词原形
10. revolving 现在分词作定语
3. 虚拟语气
第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气
时间 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do
与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have done
与将来事实相反 were to doshould do should/could/would + do
e.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.
第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气
1) would rather + 从句
2) wish + 从句
3) if only + 从句
4) as if/ as though + 从句
5) It’s time + 从句
e.g. I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名词后的同位语从句；
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在it is … that…句型中；
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
历年考题中的虚拟语气
1. If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.
3. It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
4. It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.
5. They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every alt person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _____(receive) $10 more.I would rather he ____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.
9. Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.
[A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must
10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
[A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get
Key:
1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句
2. had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句
3. took It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式
4. should finish/finish It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式
5. be given demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式
6. should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没有。
7. bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。
8. had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。
9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。
10. A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从by now可以看出），所以变为过去完成时。
结束语：
掌握语法题的要诀在于1）牢记上述表格；2）分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况；3）熟练套用正确形式；4）最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加s，动词的不规则变化等。在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数！
____…., …..
leave me _worrying__ (worry)
Leave the book _damaged__ (damage)
Enable me to solve the problem .
Enable the problem to be solved
I would rather not go with you.
I would rather I didn’t go with you.
It’s time it _was done_ (do) immediately.
It’s time to do it immediately.
He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him.
Command, demand
The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out.
The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out.
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
2. ____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don’t you take a bus to town?
A. In spite of B. Rather than
C. In place of D. other than
He hasn’t read one book _other than__ novels.
He has read no book other than novels.
3. In his composition there were no other errors ___ a few misspelled words.
A. except B. besides C. than D. beside
4. In deciding ___ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
A. how to pursue B. whether to pursue
C. how pursuing D. whether pursuing
5. The kids are ___ be hungry when they get home—they always are.
A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to
6. It is said the conference is ____ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held
7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science.
8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.
9. They proposed that the chance (that is available to them) be explained____ (explain) in detail.
10. (They are afraid that) everything well prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game.
11. While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice.
12. He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a lot of money before he was thirty years old.
He is said to take the job next week.
He is said to have taken the job last week.
I find him to have made a lot of money…
He is found to have made…
He said he had made
13. He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one.
14. Having been deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself.
15. How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs (occur) again and again in our daily life?
4. 常用的英语语法有哪些呢
语从句(Subject
Clause)
定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分：常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
状语从句
（Adverbial
Clause）
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句.状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起.从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
下面这个材料供参考.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won’t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon．
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词
that,whether,连接副词
how,when,where等.（注：if,which
不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l
have
no
idea
When
he
will
be
back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开.如：
Several
years
later,word
came
that
Napoleon
himself
was
coming
to
inspect
them．
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视
察他们.
The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
The
news
that
l
have
passed
the
exam
is
true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
The
news
that
he
told
me
just
now
is
true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：
The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.（that在从句中不充当任何成份.）
The
idea
that
he
gave
surprises
many
people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
（that在从句中作gave的宾语.）
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形
式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
5. 英语各种语法，越多越好！
语法要精，就用奥风！推荐你用奥风英语的 中学语法三剑客 分中考版版和高考版。包括 中考/高考语法完全突破权 视频教程，记忆大纲，和精编中考/高考语法专项练习，三件一套，视频供学习理解，比看书高效易懂，尤其对于基础弱的学生来说更是方便，相当于请名师一对一辅导了，大纲供背诵记忆，练习供运用巩固，学记练一体，全面系统，配套完善，直节针对中高考，可以说是目前公认最好的语法资料了。网络 中考语法完全突破 高考语法完全突破 即可找到视频，不妨搜来看看。
6. 英语中的一些常用语法
语从句(Subject Clause)
定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
下面这个材料供参考.
===========================
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形
式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
7. 英语所有语法知识
可以在搜索引擎中搜索“英语语法网”，那里有很丰富的语法内容。
8. 初中英语所有的语法
语法：名 词
一．名词分为专有名词（首字母大写）和普通名词。
二．名词分为可数名词（有单复数之分）和不可数名词（没有单复数）。
三．可数名词变复数的规则：
1.直接+s : desks pens chairs
2.以s, x ,ch,sh结尾的+es: buses boxes peaches dishes
dresses foxes watches
3.以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为ves:
bookshelf---bookshelves knife—knives wife---wives
4.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为ies:
family—families baby—babies library—libraries
study—studies strawberry—strawberries
5.不规则的：man—men woman—women
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese
fish—fish sheep—sheep deer—deer
Chinese—Chinese English—English
child—children mouse—mice ox—oxen
四．“s”或“es”的发音规则：
清清/s/ desks
浊浊/z/ pens
元浊/z/ chairs
-es/iz/ buses
语法：代 词
一. 人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
1. 人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，而且有单复数之分。
2. 人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）。
3. 人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。（动宾、介宾）
4. 人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。
二、物主代词
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。（名前形物）
2. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。（无名名物）如：
This is my bag.=This is mine. 这是我的包。
That is her ruler.=That is hers. 那是她的尺子。
语法：介词
介词是表示句子结构中词与词成分相互间关系的一种虚词。介词不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。
1. 介词的分类：
1)简单的介词：通常指一个单词的介词。如：
in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, to, up, down, from等等。
2)短语介词：指由两个或两个以上单词组合在一起所构成的介词。如：in front of,
out of, from…to…等等。
2.常用介词的辨析：
1)表示时间的介词：at, on, in.表示“在……时间”的意思，其用法区别是：
① at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：
at ten o’clock 在10点钟 at 9:30a.m. 在上午9点半
at night 在晚上 at the weekend 在周末
② on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：
on Friday 在星期五
on the first of May 在五月一日
on Monday morning 在星期一上午
③ in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：
in the afternoon 在下午 in September 在九月份
in summer 在夏天 in 2005在2005年
2)表示方位的介词：in, on, under, near, in front of, behind.
① in表示“在……里面”。如：
in the park 在公园里 in my class 在我班里
注意：in 有时还表示“在……上面”，主要用于固定词组。如：
in the playground 在操场上 in the street 在街上
注意：in还有其他的固定搭配。 如：in blue(穿蓝色的衣服)，
in English(用英语表达)， take part in(参加).
② on表示“在……上面”，under表示“在……下面”.如：
on the tree 在树上（树本身长出来的）
on the ground 在地上
under a big tree 在一棵大树下面
under the envelope 在信封下面
③ near表示“在……附近”，beside“在……旁”，next to表示“紧靠……旁边”.
如：beside her tent 在她的帐篷旁边
near the post office 在邮局附近
④ in front of 表示“在……前面”，behind表示“在……后面”。如：
in front of the museum 在博物馆前
in front of the tree 在树前
behind the door 在门后面
behind Yang Ling 在杨玲后面
数词有两种：
1.基数词：表示数量多少的数词叫基数词。
1)基数词1-12：
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2)基数词13-19都是以-teen结尾：
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3)基数词20，30，40等都是经-ty结尾：
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4)基数词21-99是由“几十”和“几”合起来构成，中间加连词符：
twenty-one, thirty-two, fifty-five, ninety-nine.
5)基数词100：one hundred
2.序数词：表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词。
1)序数词第一、第二、第三为first, second, third.
2)其他序数词的构成一般是在基数词后加-th:
fourth, sixth, seventeenth.
3)特殊的：five---fifth(第五) eight---eighth(第八)
nine---ninth(第九) twelve---twelfth(第十二)
4)以y结尾的数词变序数词时，要把“y”变成“ie”再加“th”:
twenty---twentieth, thirty---thirtieth, forty---fortieth
5)基数词“几十几”变为序数词时，表示“几十”的数词不变，只要把“几”的基数词变成序数词:
twenty-one----twenty-first, forty-five----forty-fifth
6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成的：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th.
7)在使用序数词时，前面一般要带定冠词the, 这是序数词和基数词在使用中的一个主要区别。
语法：形容词和副词的比较级
在英语中形容词，副词有三个等级，即原级，比较级和最高级。
1．一般来说，表示两者“等同”时用原级，它的结构为：as+原级+as
Are you as tall as your twin sister? 你和你的双胞胎姐姐（妹妹）一样高吗？
Mike runs as fast as Jim. 迈克跑得和吉姆一样快。
2. 表示两者“比较”时用比较级，它的结构为：比较级+than
He’s one year younger than me . 他比我小一岁。
Ben runs faster than me . 本跑得比我快。
3．形容词，副词比较级的变化规则：
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
1.单音节词尾 +er,+est
tall
taller
tallest
2.以e结尾的，+r,+st
large
larger
largest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+er,+est
busy
busier
busiest
4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母+er,+est
big
thin
bigger
thinner
biggest
thinnest
4.双音节和多音节词的比较级，最高级应在原级前+more,+most构成：
原级
比较级
最高级
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
careful
more careful
most careful
carefully
more carefully
most carefully
quietly
more quietly
most quietly
5.特殊的：
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther, further
farthest, furthest
old
older, elder
oldest, eldest
6.最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句表示在哪个范围内。如果最高级前有物主代词，无需要加定冠词。如：
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最热的一天。
That was the most delicious meal that I’ve ever had.
那是我吃过的最好吃的饭。
Tuesday is our busiest day. 星期二是我们最忙的一天。
语 法：冠 词
冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的含义.冠词分为不定冠词a, an和定冠词the.
一、不定冠词a, an用在单数名词前面,表示“一个,一件……”。
a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词前。如： a pen, a plane, a computer.
an用于以元音音素开头的可数名词前。如：
an egg, an orange, an old man, an English book,an hour.
二、定冠词the用在单数或复数名词前。定冠词the的基本用法：
1.用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）物。如：
The map on the wall is new. 墙上的那张地图是新的。
The tall man is Li Ming’s father.那位高个子男人是李明的父亲。
2.表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：
Look at the picture,please.请看这幅图画。
3.表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：
This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. 这是一张邮票。这张邮票很漂亮。
4.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球
5.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城
6.用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River 长江
7.序数词、形容词、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the.
如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
三、不用冠词的儿歌：
专有物质抽象词，用冠词时要三思。
季节月份星期前，均和冠词没有缘。
名词前面有代词，冠词一定不能置。
球类三餐节假日，不用冠词人人知。
全是老师教我们的，最后的儿歌是我们老师的老师教给我们的老师的。
9. 英语中具体有几种语法
是时态吧！语法就是语法，没有种，18时态
10. 英语大神何在英语中的各种语法
语法要精，就用奥风了！推荐你用奥 风 英 语 的包括 高 考 语 法三 剑客回 （包括《高 考语 法完 全突 破》 视频 教程，大纲和练习，学 记 练 三位一体，三 件配 套，非常好用，网络 高 考 语法 完全答 突破 即可在 线试听。