『壹』 求英语语法现在完成时讲解,例子,习题(附答案)
现在完成时
现在完成时是英文时态的一种
现在完成时的用法
have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:
①主语+have / has been+for短语
②It is+一段时间+ since从句
例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
一.have/has been doing sth.
1.现在完成进行时
当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用
现在完成进行时.
如:I have been skating for 4 hours.
I have finished my homework.
2.现在完成时的被动语态.
后接动词的过去分词.
如:The building has been built for 5 years.
二.一般现在时:用动词原形
一般过去时:用动词的过去式
一般将来时:will/shall+do
is/am/are going to do
过去将来时:could/would do
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
将来完成时:shall have done
过去将来完成时:would/could have done
现在进行时:is/am/are doing
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:will/shall be doing
过去将来进行时:would/could be doing
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
过去完成进行时:had been doing
将来完成进行时:shall have been doing
过去将来完成进行时:would have been doing
『贰』 英语语法,现在完成时
原因很简单,你用现在完成时强调影响时,选择的动词必须是时间上可以延续的动词,而break不是。因此用过去式的broke很合理。
『叁』 英语语法现在完成时
现在完成时结构是:have done sth.
第一个have 是结构里的have,第二个had 是跟my breakfast连一起的,即结构里的done sth.
『肆』 在英语中关于现在完成时要注意的语法
现在完成时是英文时态的一种
现在完成时的用法
have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:
①主语+have / has been+for短语
②It is+一段时间+ since从句
例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
『伍』 英语语法现在完成时
第一个是过去完成时,意思是在过去某个时间已经学了6年了,第二个才是现在完成时,另,不明白你后面想问什么
『陆』 求沪教版初中英语教材中的全部语法
您好
这里有呢
您下载使专用吧属
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GOOD LUCK!
『柒』 英语语法,现在完成时,思维导图
一、基本结构
1. 肯定式 主语 + 助动词(have/has)+过去分词+其他
l 规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词见九年级英语教材后的不规则动词表;
l have可缩写为’ve,has可缩写为’s。如:
They’ve worked in the factory for ten years.
He’s been there before, hasn’t he?
2. 否定式 主语 + has/have + not+过去分词+其他
l have not可缩写为haven’t,has not可缩写为hasn’t。如:
I haven’t found my lost cat.
She hasn’t finished her homework yet.
3. 疑问式
Has/Have + 主语+过去分词+其他+“?”
肯定回答常用:Yes, 主语+has/have,有时也用:Yes, already
否定回答常用:No, 主语+hasn’t/haven’t,有时也用“No, not yet”等形式。如:
—Have you been to Dalian? 你去过大连吗?
—No, not yet. 不,还没去过。
He has taught you English since two weeks ago, hasn’t he?
二、现在完成时的用法
1. 过去的动作,对现在的影响:表示动作发生在过去,强调对现在造成影响。此情况多用瞬间动词,如吃饭、起床。
如:I have had lunch already, so I am not hungry now.
I got up late this morning, so I didn’t catch the bus to cshool.
现在
过去的某一动作发生
时间轴
影响
简单来说就是,动作发生在过去的某一时间点,对现在造成了影响
时间轴表示:
2.动作发生在过去,并且现在持续进行。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词(或反复性动词)。将来是否延续下去,我们还不知道。如:
We have lived here for over three years.
现在
过去的某一时间动作开始
时间轴
持续
We have studied English since three years ago.
时间轴表示:
三、现在完成时的时间状语(是应试答题的关键)
1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before,just,already,yet,ever等连用。如:
I haven’t seen him before. 我以前没有见过他。
They have just done their homework. 他们刚做完作业。
2.现在完成时与for/since等引导的持续性时间状语或these days,so far等包括“现在时间”在内的时间状语连用。如:
I have known him for six years. 我认识他六年了。
The doctor has saved over two hundred people’s lives so far.
到目前为止,这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。
四、副词区分
1. 一些时间状语副词的用法区别
① yet,already,just与ever
Yet否定句和疑问句句尾,疑问句中常译为“已经”,否定句中常译为“尚未,还”
already常用于现在完成时的肯定句中,常译为“已经”,用于疑问句时表示“惊讶、怀疑、不相信”等语气,
just常用于肯定句,
ever常用于疑问句。
如:
—Have you had your breakfast yet? 你已经吃过早餐了吗?
—Yes, I have already had it. 是的,我已经吃过了。
Have you ever seen the film? 你曾经看过这部电影吗?
② before与ago,just与just now
before表示现在看来的“以前”,独用于现在完成时中,不与表示一段时间连用,
ago表示在过去某时间的“以前”, 形式“一段时间+ago”与过去时连用;
just常与现在完成时连用,多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词,
just now多与一般过去时或一般现在时连用,一般用于句末。如:
Have you met him before? 你以前见过他吗?
My brother met her in the street two days ago.
我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。
I have just had breakfast. 我刚吃过早餐。
She had breakfast just now.
她刚吃了早餐。
2. for与since的区别
for + 段时间,
since +过去的时间点,(since可作连词时,后接从句,从句常用一般过去时。)
如:
I have known him for three years.
我认识他有三年了。
We have lived here since 1998.
我们从1998年就住在这里了。
How many English words have you learned since you came here?
自从你来这儿你学了多少英语单词?
3. have (has) been to与have (has) gone to的区别
have (has) been to表示已经去过某地,人离开了某地,已经返回,人对该地已有(或没有)经历或体验;
have (has) gone to表示人已经去了某地,人不在说话地。如:
He has been to Japan twice. 他去过日本两次。
—Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿?
—He has gone to the post office. 他去了邮电所。
4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况;而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,与现在没有关系,所以现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间状语如last year,ago,just now,in 1997等连用;现在完成时动作发生在过去,并有可能要持续下去,但一般过去时动作没有持续性;when引导的疑问句也不能用现在完成时,但可以用一般过去时。如:
He has lived here since 2000.
2000年以来他一直住在这儿。(他现在还住在这里。)
He lived here in 2000.
2000年他住在这儿。(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里。)
—I have read the book before. 我以前已经看过这本书了。
—When did you read it? 你什么时候看的?
『捌』 英语中现在完成时的用法,详细说明
现在完成时(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
句型
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p) e.g done ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 定义: (1) 强调动作是过去发生的 (2) 强调对现在的影响或结果,此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是:一般过去时有动作发生的时间点,即过去某一时间发生某一动作;现在完成时则没有,即不强调是那个时间点发生的动作,而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 (3) 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。 但过去分词一定要选择准确。
编辑本段过去分词
AAA式的过去分词: 现在完成时
注:图中不全。尚包括let-let-let, read-read-read等。
编辑本段规则动词
1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: 现在完成时态-中小学教育资料
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
编辑本段不规则动词
2 、不规则动词: AAA型 原型 过去式 过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread let let let read read read led led led AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 read read read (read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/) ABB型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig g g feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found feed fed fed get got got hang hung hung hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost leave left left lend lent lent make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid sell sold sold shoot shot shot say said said sit sat sat stand stood stood shine shone shone sweep swept swept sleep slept slept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written take took taken wear wore worn see saw seen 用法 (1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,也就是说,动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果. I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+时段 为…时间 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead Buy---have Fall ill---be ill Come back---be back Put on ---be on/wear Worry---be worried Catch a cold---have a cold ……………… ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
编辑本段常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
: 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表: 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been closed/opened 6. have got up → have been up; 7. have died → have been dead; 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep; 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over; 11. have married → have been married; 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ; 13. have begun → have been on 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had 15. have lost → haven’t had 16. have put on →have worn 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold; 18. have got to know → have known 19. have/has gone to → have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army →have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
编辑本段用法注意:
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语) 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。 例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 7.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。 例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。 例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.) Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in:呆了很久 10.不能与when连用
编辑本段一般过去时和现在完成时
( 1 )、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+ have/ has + 动词(V.)的过去分词”。 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 (2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别: ① A:Have you seen the film ? B:Did you see the film ? 分析:你看过这部电影吗?( A )句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;( B )句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。 ② A:How has he done it ? B:How did he do it ? 分析:他是怎么做的这件事?( A )句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;( B )句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 ③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years . B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years . 分析:他在北京住了 8 年。( A )句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。( B )句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了。 (3)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。 比:I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。(看上去很漂亮) I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。 She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。(不需要再浇了) She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。 I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出。 I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的。 (4)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。 比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。 It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。 He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。 He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。 I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。(说话时还在上午) I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。(说话时已是下午或晚上)
编辑本段现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点
1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如: I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001. 2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years. 以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有意义上和用法上的差别.
编辑本段现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点
1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever "曾经"连用,如: We have already learnt Mole 3.我们已经学习了第三模块. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩. 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要进行下去的动作,一般不与already或ever等连用,如: We have been learning Mole 4. 我们一直在学习第四模块.(不一定学完) 注意下面这组句子含义上的区别: I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完) I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完) 2. 相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如: I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.) I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见他.) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如: —You look so tired, what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了 (强调动作) —We are very tired. We've been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致) —We've cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果"房子干净") 4. 现在完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情.这时,我们要用现在完成时态.如: I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×) I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon. 5. 现在完成时强调"事实";而现在完成进行时则强调"动作",并且常含有喜悦,愤怒,不满,厌恶等感情色彩.如: The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天.(强调事实) The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩) 6. 如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如: I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished. I've cleaned the house, but I still haven't finished.(×)
编辑本段时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去时间和现在时间都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样特征的时间状语都可以与现在完成时连用,具体情况有以下几种: 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如“ for +时间段”,“ since +时间点”。例如: We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为 stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延续性意义的动词。 2. 与笼统表示过去时间的状语连用,如 already, never, ever, just 等。含有这类时间状语的句子,其谓语动词表示句中的行为或动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响。例如: I've just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 have found 这一动作发生在过去,但影响到现在,即现在图书馆的书在我这儿。 just 所表示的“刚才”是与现在有密切相关的过去时间。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。 never 表示广义的过去,而且一直到目前才截止。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。例如: How have you been recently ? 你近来状况如何? The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗? The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用,如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等,因为它们与现在毫无关联。比如我们不能说: Han Mei has seen the film two days ago. 因为 two days ago 是单纯指过去的一个时间点,只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的,与现在无关。但是,只要将它改为 since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了,因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。
『玖』 小学牛津上海版英语1--6年级语法 到底讲了几个时态呢 不知道到底有没有完成时有很多参考书里都有
不同的地区不一样。上海这边是一般现在时,现在进行时,过去时,少量的一般将来时,到六年级(上海这边叫预备班,算初中)教了现在完成时。我看其他地方的讲义,一般不会超过现在完成时。学了肯定不为过。现在完成时在上海版的教材里是有的,不过学得不深,基本停留在already,yet,have
been
to,have
gone
to的阶段。不涉及到短暂性动词的用法和since,for的用法。