1. 牛津英语九年级上册语法复习
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2. 九年级上册英语 语法总结
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意：cost的三种形式都是cost；It take ab+时间+to do；pay ab money for
区分the other，another，other, others,the others the other:两者范围内特指另一个；another：三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一个；other：后接复数名词，意为其他的；others：others=other+复数名词，可用some any all修饰
Have to意为不得不 very意可为真正的 stay意为保持某种状态，可与keep互换
Besides意为除...之外（还有） except意为除...以外（不包括在内）
Instead放在句末 instead of后面为ing形式
In...way以什么方式 some...some....others意为一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎样 make ab n-使某人成为
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修饰比较级的词：far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-过去常常做某事 be used to doing-习惯做某事
Regard as后面可接名词和形容词
By accident-偶然地，小心地 by mistake 错误地
英语里常用“数字-名词”或“数字-名词 形容词” ps：一个七岁的男孩：7-year-old boy
Miss doing-错过做某事 miss还有“想念”的意思
Be upset（about）对...感到不安
Express-表达 词组：express one's feelings-表达某人感情；express one's thought-表达某人想法；express one's idea-表达某人主意
Go on可以为“事件发生”ps：It seem that the player will go on好像戏剧要开始了；go on doing sth-继续做某事（不停地做某一件事）；go on with sth-继续做某事（停下来之后继续做某件事）；go on to do sth-继续做某事（做完一件事，继续做另一件事）
Keep on doing-一直做某事；keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事；keep sth+adj使某人保持某种状态
adj enough not to do-足够...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足够...去做
Advice-忠告（不可数名词）词组：a piece of advice-一条意见；ask for one's advice about-征求某人对...的忠告；against one's advice about-违背某人忠告；by doctor's advice-遵照医嘱；some advice about-一些关于...的劝告
Suggestion-意见，建议；词组：adopt a suggestion-采纳建议；by one's suggestion-根据某人建议。Suggestion的动词形式是suggest，用法：suggest doing。Opinion与suggestion相似，但不如suggestion正是，比advice客气，词组：in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多，可修饰可数或不可数名词，多用于肯定句中；a number of-许多，相当于many，修饰可数名词，注意：the number of-...的数量；an amount of-大量的，多用于不可数名词，amount前可用large，small等修饰程度；a lot of/lots of-很多，可用于修饰可数或不可数名词
So that-以便，为了；so...that...-如此...以至于
Focus on-致力于... Aim to do-目的在于做... Apply for-申请 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比较级，farther表示具体距离的远近，further表示抽象概念
LAST：The last-最后 at last-终于 last day-上一天 last for-持续；final-最终的决胜的；决赛，最终考试；at last=finally
Hurt用于有生命的东西；damage用于无生命的东西对其价值和功能的损坏，破坏程度较小；injure与hurt相近，只是更正式，用于天灾或事故中；destroy很粗鲁的手段使之毁灭，很难修复
Good：人品好，质量好，向别人问好；well：身体好，或作副词；nice：带有感情色彩，外观好，待人感情好；excellent-极好的，语气最强
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙于做某事
Beneath-在..之下（紧贴之下） under-在...下方（垂直向下） over-在...上方（垂直向上） below-在...之下（位置低于），可用于表示数目低于，其反义词为above
Until-直到...为止；not...until-直到...才
Although=though=虽然，尽管；although较为正式，用于句首；though更通俗常用；只要用了although或though就不能用but，and，or等连词
Such as-例如，后面接单词或词组；for example常用逗号分开，后面常根句子
Be（后省略）concerned about-关心；difficult to和...不同；be proud of为...自豪
curious about认真；free for免费；afraid of害怕；serious about严肃；
unaware of没注意；strict with严格；responsible for...的责任；useful for对...有用； equal to对...公平；famous for对...出名；aware of直到；grateful to对...感激；careful of小心；tired of对..感到疲累
with、in都是介词，in用于衣服的颜色；with多指穿“戴眼镜，帽子”，或是衣服上的装饰；put on-穿上、戴上，强调动作；wear强调穿着的状态；dress意为“给某人穿衣服”
Join表示加入党派，社会团体，表示成为其中一员；join in表示参加某项正在进行的活动，词组：join in sth /join sb in doing-参加某人的活动；take part in参加运动会、会议或工作，参加群众性活动起一份作用；attend参加会议，主要以观众或听众的身份写
Family-家庭成员 house-房屋 home-家乡 room-房间
One可以做不定代词，代替前面提过的人或物（单数），如果是复数则是ones
Present-上演、演出，作形容词时意为“在场的、目前的”，作名词时意为“目前，礼物”
Find out-发现、查出，可指找到无形的东西；find-找到，通常指寻找的结果，有偶然发现的意思
In trouble-遇到麻烦；in pain-疼痛；in love-在恋爱中。In意为“在某种状态中”
Listen to-听某人做某事（做完） listen doing-听某人正在做某事。有类似用法的单词有：see，watch，hear，find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事实上 pay（no）attention to-（不）注意
So和such都有“如此，这样”的意思，so修饰副词和形容词，such修饰名词，注意：如果名词前有many，much，few，little时只能用so；修饰单数可数名词时，可以用so或such，但so句式“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”，such则是“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”
3. 初中牛津英语语法（沪教版）
建议你去网络文库看一下。
4. 广州牛津版九年级英语上册各单元语法要具体的！
第一单元、动名词的构成
(一) Verb+-ing as subject (主语) 【动名词在句子中可以充当主语的作用】
▲ 动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用单数例如：
• Communicating is not just speaking. 交流不仅仅是说话。
• Sitting straight means a person is confident. 端坐表明一个人是自信的。
▲ 英语中有一些动词（短语）后面常接动名词作宾语。如：finish, enjoy, mind, keep, suggest, avoid, miss, practise, admit, deny, can’t help等。
• He denied having stolen my bike. 他否认偷了我的自行车。
• When we heard the joke, we couldn’t help laughing.
当我们听到那个笑话时，我们忍不住笑了。
▲ 常见的“动词＋介词+动名词”的短语有：prefer... to, be / get used to, look forward to, feel like, give up, keep on, insist on, succeed in等。
• He doesn’t feel like doing his homework. 他不想做家庭作业。
• You must give up smoking at once. 你必须马上戒烟。
▲ 用于某些惯用法中。
(1) be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”
• Mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。
(2) be worth doing sth “值得做某事”
• The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
• (3) It’s no use / good doing sth “做……无用 / 无好处”
It’s no use asking him for help. 向他寻求帮助没有用。
（二）Verb+-ing after a preposition 【动名词放在介词后面作介词宾语】
第二单元、adjectives
【练习二】
1、Adjectives with for+noun/pround+to+verb
2、Adjectives with enough+to+verb
3、Adjectives with of+noun/pronoun+to+verb
4、Adjectives ending in -ing and –ed
第三单元、Object clause（宾语从句）
1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类：
(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。
eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.
She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序
eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u?
I want to know how soon it will begin.
(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
3．宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。
eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.
You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?
(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .
Linda said that the train had left.
(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Polly said no news is a good news
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
eg, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .
四、Comparative & Superlative of adverbs
1、常用副词比较级与最高级的构成：
规则变化:
单音节词：比较级: 词尾+ er ; 最高级: 词尾+ est
e.g.high →higher → highest
双音节和多音节词：
比较级: 词前+more；最高级: 词前+most; e.g.
slowly→ more slowly→ most slowly
2.The Irregular Form
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older
elder
olest
eldest
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
3、常见用法
1) 副词的同级比较肯定式用：“A as + 副词原级+as B;否定式用：A not + as/so+副词原级+as B 。
含义为： “A与B一样…， 或：“A与B不一样…”
Charlie 和Bruce跳得一样高。
Charlie jumps as highly as Bruce.
他没我跑得快。
He doesn't run as/so fast as me.
2) 副词最高级前可加the，也可不加the.
e.g.
Berry sings (the) best in English of all.
Who works (the) hardest in your class?
当所比较的动作是相同的时候，第二个动词可以省不写，也可以用助动词do 来代替。
e.g.
Ben got up earlier than I (did) this morning.
Lucy runs more slowly than Debbie (does).
Peter did it more successfully than I (did).
3) 比较级+and+比较级表示 “越来越……”
e.g.
I am becoming fatter and fatter.
The more you ask , the more knowledge you will get.
4)the more..., the more...”句型常表示“越…越…”是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语句,后面句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的较前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。
① The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越来越贪。
② The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。
“the more..., the more...”句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
①The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。
②The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。
若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要一般现在时表示将来。
①The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,进步就越大。
②The longer the war lasts, the more people there will suffer. 战争持续得越久,那里的人们受难就越多。
若比较级作表语且不位于句首时,可以不用the。
When we are more in danger, we should be braver. 越是危险,我们越应勇敢。
在这种句型中,主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化,常把被强调部分提前。例如:
The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。
这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略。特别是语、俗语,只要意义明确,越简练越好。
① The more , the better.多多益善。
② The sooner, the better. 越早越好。
5) 若表示“越……越不……”时,常用“the more...,the less...”句型。
The more she flatters me, the less I like her. 她越逢迎我,我越不喜欢她。
若表示“越不……就越……”时,常用“the less...,the more...”句型。
The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不烦恼,工作就干得越好。
6) 副词或形容词比较级前可用much, a little , a bit,even, far等来修饰。
There is no school tomorrow .You can sleep a little/ a bit longer.
He plays much better than I.
She can type it much more quickly.
Michel writes even more beautifully than usual today.
7) 说明比较范围时，注意介词的使用.副词最高级＋of all（或用in引导的语）。
所有人中，Catherine唱得最好。 Catherine sings best of all.
所有男生中，他跑的最快。 Of all the boys，he runs fastest.
班上Mark学习最努力。 Mark studies hardest in his class.
8) A+行为动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+B” 表示:“A比B……几倍”或“A是B的……几倍”。
e.g. Shelly跑步比我快两倍，是我的三倍。
Shelly runs two times faster than I. And Shelly runs three times as fast as I do.
9) “A+行为动词+副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” 表示：“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……” 含义是“A最……”
e.g. 迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
=Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.
五、Questions tag (反意疑问句)
（一）含义: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句, 对陈述句 提出相反的疑问, 这种疑问句叫反意疑问句.如果前部 分是肯定形式，后部分用否定形式。或者前部分为否 定，后部分为肯定。原则是“前肯后否，前否后肯”
-- You can help him, can’t you? ——Yes, we can.
你们能帮助他，是不是？是的, 我们能帮助他。
反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态, 人称和数上都要保持一致。
-- Your sister isn’t coming back today, is she? -- No, she isn’t.
你姐姐今天不会回来，是吗？ 是的, 她今天不会回来。
回答时, 只要事实是肯定的, 就用yes, 如果事实是否定的, 就用no。
（二）具体用法
1.如果陈述句有系动词be，助动词,情态动词等，其简短问句的谓语要与陈述句中的谓语保持一致。
You haven’t seen that film, have you?
Jim will go to England, won’t he?
He can’t swim, can he?
2. 陈述部分含情态动词must be表示“猜测”时，疑问部分用aren’t / isn’t +主语；如果must表示 “必须”时，疑问部分则用needn’t；当陈述部分 有 mustn’t 表示“禁止”时，疑问部分要用must.
The bike must be yours, isn’t it?
You must be hungry, aren’t you?
She must go home,(必须) needn’t she?
You mustn’t play soccer in the street,（禁止）must you?
3. 陈述部分的主语是this, that时, 疑问部分的主语多用it; 陈述部分的主语是these,those时, 疑问部分的主语多用they。如:
This is a dictionary, isn’t it?
Those are my stamps, aren’t they?
4.陈述部分是“there be”结构的, 疑问部分用 there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There won’t be more pollution, will there?
5.陈述句中含有not, no, no one, hardly(几乎没有), seldom(不常), neither, few, little, never,, nothing 等否定意义的词时, 疑问部分常用肯定形式。
Few people knew the news, did they?
Tom has never been to England, has he?
6. 陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时, 整个句子仍视为肯定句, 反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如：
She is unhappy, isn’t she?
This is an unimportant question, isn’t it?
7. 如果主语是I’m, 后面反意部分用 aren’t I?
I’m late, aren’t I?
8. Had better + 动词原形，疑问部分用 hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
9. You’d like to +动词原形，疑问部分用 wouldn’t you?
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
10. 如果陈述句的主语是 something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语多用it.
Everything goes well, doesn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can’t it?
11.陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时, 反意疑问部分的主语多用they (强调全体) 或 he (强调个体)
Everyone is here, aren’t they
Someone is waiting for you,isn’t he?
Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?
12.1)祈使句后面的简短问句通常用 will you, won’t you.
Give me a pen, will you?(won’t you)
Don’t move the chair, will you?
2) Let’s …,shall we? (包含谈话的对方在内)
Let us …,will you?（不包含谈话的对方在内）
Let’s have a rest, shall we?
Let us arrive at the bus station on time, will you?
13.陈述部分含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要同主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
She said it would rain tomorrow, didn’t she?
They told us that we needn’t go to school tomorrow, didn’t they?
14.I think, I believe, I suppose, I guess 等结构中，简短问句的主语与从句的主语保持一致。
I think she’s out, isn’t she?
I don’t believe it’s true, is it?
15.当陈述句中的谓语动词是used to(过去常常做某事)时， 简短问句可用used 或did.
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t they / didn’t they