❶ 在英语句子中什么时候用“就近一致”原则
【就近原则】
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
【就远原则】
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from
E.G:He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
❷ 主谓一致中“语法一致原则” “意义一致原则”嘛意思
主谓一致要点归纳
英语中,句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。一般来说,主谓一致要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定;意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定,即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话,谓语动词也要用单数形式;就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。
一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时,句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it .
The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries .
2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物,如 trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors
等,它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数,但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of
等修饰时,则谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother .
This kind of shoes is very popular this summer .
3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods (货物),arms (武器),clothes (衣服),thanks
(感谢)等只作复数用,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
All the goods were shipped from America .
All the arms you want have been prepared .
4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means (方法),works (工厂),headquarters
(总部)等作主语时,如果强调单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调复数意义,则谓语用复数形式。
如:
All the means have been tried to save the patient .
The quickest means of travel is by plane .
二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture (家具),machinery (机器),equipment
(设备)等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory .
All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong .
2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people,police,cattle (牲畜)等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
The working people are brave and great .
The police were searching the area for two thieves .
3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词,如
team,class,family,club,government,public
等作主语时,如果强调整体,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体成员,则谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
My family is a happy one .
All my family are fond of taking exercise .
三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式,若表示同一事物或一个整体,则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school .
The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school .
War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the
world .
2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each,every,no 等词修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question .
No parent and child was late for the sports meeting .
四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book .
There are twenty dollars on the desk .
2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如:
Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to
universities .
Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river .
3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定,但“
none of+ 名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如:
All the leaders were present at the meeting .
None of your answers is / are right .
4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Many a student has passed this difficult exam .
5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,而“ the number of +
名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如:
A number of boy students are football fans .
The number of the students in this school has been increasing
these years .
6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of +
名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort
”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
This kind of men is dangerous .
Men of this kind are dangerous .
❸ 英语主谓一致问题(语法知识较好的请进,非诚勿扰,避免骂人。谢谢)
你钻牛角尖了。。。
谓语动词的单复数形式,就是你上文说的什么时候谓语动专词用单数,什么时候用复数。这属么说吧,给你这个名词是为了解释语法时方便。就像你称SARS是非典一样。
这里有个资料,你自己看吧
http://..com/link?url=svU2khAFfV3X0DvK
❹ 英语问题,主谓一致的优先原则是怎么回事
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致,句子的主语是第三人称单数时,其谓语需用单数形式;主语是复数时,则谓语动词用其复数形式。一、主谓一致的三原则 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,当发生冲突时,意义一致原则则为优先考虑的原则。1、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。例:Mr. Black is a well-know scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。2、意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语表达的单、复数概念而定的。例:Three moths has passed since you left.(three months表示单数概念。)自你走后已有三个月了The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.(教授与作家是同一个人,是单数。)这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。The old are very well taken care of in our city.(the old是指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数概念。)老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。3、就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。例:Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克二十他父母应为这个家庭事故负责。
二、单一主语的情况 单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语。其主语与谓语一致情况如下。1、不定代词作主语⑴不定代词作主语 不定代词either,neither,each,one,the other,another,someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody ,everything,nothing,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例:Someone has parked the car in the way.有人把车停在了路上,挡住了去路。注意:none作主语时如果指人或可数的物,指数目,谓语动词单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数指量,谓语动词用单数。例:None of the students has\have made mistakes this time.这次没有一个学生犯错误。Jimmy has used up all the money.None is left.吉米把所有的钱都用光了,一点没留。⑵neither\either of…作主语 neither\either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。例:Either of the two stories is \ are interesting.这两个故事都很有趣。Neither of us has \ have received postcards this Christmas.今年圣诞节我们两人谁也没收到贺卡。⑶the other two(…)等短语作主语 the other two(…),the other three(…),another two(…),both等作主语,谓语动词用复数。例:I keep only one apple for myself,and the other two are yours.我只留了一个苹果,另外两个给你。Five people come to help,but anther three were still needed.已经有五个人来帮忙了,但我们还需要另外三个。I'm very delighted that both are what we need.我们很高兴两个都是我们所需要的。⑷all作主语指人时,谓语动词用富士,指物时常用单数。例:All are present besides the professor.所有的人都出席了,包括All is going on very well.一切顺利。⑸each修饰的名词作主语 由each修饰的名词作主语,each谓语复数主语后或主语前,不影响谓语动词的数例:Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.每个学生都有一个单放机,这对提高他们的听力大有帮助。⑹such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。2、集合名词作主语⑴谓语动词只能用复数的情况 有些集体名词,如people,cattle,police等形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词需用复数。⑵谓语动词单复数皆可的情况 集合名词,如audience(观众),army,class,crew(船员)等作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数;若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时,谓语就该用复数。⑶表示国家、民族的名词作主语的情况 有些以-sh,-ese,-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数。3、以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语⑴以-ics结尾的学科名称名词作主语 以-ics结尾的标识机学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语用单数。例:Mathematics is the science of numbers.数学史关于数字的学科。注意: 以-ics结尾是表示学科名称的名词作主语时,若改变词义表示学可能力士,则用复数形式。例:Her mathematics are weak.他的数学能力很差。⑵形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语 专有名词如国名、任命、书名、组织机构等作主语时,形式上即使是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。⑶以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语 以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。⑷以复数形式结尾的其他名词作主语①谓语动词只能用复数形式 此类名词有:savings储蓄belongings财产、所有物、相关事物earnings所得,收入thanks 感激goods货物leavings剩余、残渣clothes衣服②单复数同形的名词作主语 下面这些名词作主语时,谓语动词根据其单复数而定:means方法、手段works工厂sheep鹿crossroads十字路口4、含有修饰语的名词作主语⑴含有量词的名词作主语①量词修饰由对应两个部分组成的名词一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,pants,glasses,scissors等作主语,前面若无a pair of,a suit of,a set of ,a series of等这类的单位词时,通常作复数用。若带有单位词,则由单位词的复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。②特殊量词修饰普通名词含有像pile(堆),mountain(如山一样),row(排),mass(很多),cup,basket, box,等修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定⑵a group of和a couple of修饰复数名词 此时谓语动词用复数形式。⑶a number of,意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数时谓语动词一般也用复数:the number of意思为“……的数目”,作主语时,谓语只用单数。⑷several等词作主语或修饰名词作主语 只修饰可数名词的量词several,a few,quite a few,a great many(of…)作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;其修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词也应用复数形式。⑸some等词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语注意: a quantity (of),(large)quantities(of)作主语或修饰的名词作主语时,其谓语动词根据quantities的单复数形式而定。 some,plenty of,a lot(of),lots(of)等词即可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,其谓语的形式应根据其所修饰的词而定。⑹修饰不可数名词的量词作主语胡修饰名词作主语 a great\good deal(of),a little,quite a little,a large amout(of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语时,其谓语动词只用单数形式。⑺more(…)than one修饰的名词作主语 “more than one+单数名词”尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。在“more+复数名词than one"结构之后,谓语常用复数。注意: more than one hundred指代复数作主语或修饰的可数名词复数作主语is,谓语动词用复数形式。⑻many a修饰的名词作主语 ”many a+单数名词“作主语,尽管意义上是复数,但因中心词是单数形式,谓语也需用单数以符合语法上一致的原则。⑼one or two,a…or two修饰的名词作主语 one or two后接复数名词,谓语要用复数。但在”a\an+单数名词+or two"结构之后,谓语却常用单数⑽the rest(of…)等作主语 当the rest(of…),the remaining,part(of…)等词或短语作主语时,或他们所修饰的名词或代词作主语时,其谓语动词应根据所表达的名词的单复数而定。
❺ 就近一致在英语语法中哪些地方用到过
在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1. 语法一致原则
语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式.主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。例如:
A letter has been sent to every student.给每个学生寄了一封信.
Two letters have been sent to every student.给每个学生寄了两封信.
2. 意义一致原则
意义一致原则指主谓语之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义来决定.形式是单数的主语,其谓语有可能是复数形式;反之,形式是复数的主语,其谓语有可能是单数形式.例如:
The government have broken all their promises. 政府违背了全部诺言.(指政府中的各部门或成员)
The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. 美国是一个科学技术发达的国家.(美国是由许多的州构成的单一国家)
3. 就近原则
就近原则,指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语.由neither...nor或either...or连接或者当一个句子是由 there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致.例如:
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸.
Neither she nor I am wet.她和我都没有被淋湿.
上述三条原则的具体应用比较复杂,下列几点应予以注意:
1. 谓语动词用单数的情况
(1) 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
To become actresses is their ambition. 作演员是她们的雄心.
Nodding often means you say "yes".点头常常意味着你表示同意.
What I did was to give her a book.我所做的就是给她一本书.
(2) 事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称用作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
The United Nations was formed in 1945. 联合国成立于1945年.
The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel. 《三十九级台阶》是一本很有意思的小说.
(3)one, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, any, either, neither, one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody 用作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework. 很多学生都不喜欢被迫做作业.
Neither of the two girls is at home.两个女孩都不在家.
但现在英美也有人在neither of用作主语或修饰主语的句子中用复数形式的谓语动词.例如:
Neither of the two girls are at home.
(4)表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等的词语用作主语表示总量时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
Fifteen years represents a long period of his life. 15年代表他一生中一个很长的时期.
(5)单数词作主语,虽然后接由including, as well as , together with, in addition to, accompanied by等词连接的其它词,谓语动词仍用单数.例如:
Gold, as well as silver, has recently risen in price. 最近金银的价格上涨了.
(6) a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等词语修饰主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则用单数.例如:
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 已准备好一系列预先录制的磁带供语言实验室使用.
2. 谓语动词用复数的情况
(1)both, some, few, many, several等词语用作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
Few of my classmates really understand me.我的同学中没有几位真正理解我.
(2)形容词前加定冠词泛指时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
In many western films, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished. 在很多西方电影中,好人有好报,恶人有恶报.
3. 其他情况
(1)由and连接两个主语时,谓语动词一般用复数.例如:
The secretary and the headmaster of the school were present at the meeting.学校的书记和校长都出席了会议.
但当and连接的词语作整体考虑,或在意义上指同一个人或物时,谓语动词一般用单数.例如:
The secretary and headmaster of the school was present at the meeting. 学校的书记兼校长出席了会议.
当由and连接的两个单数名词前面有each ,every 等词修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数.例如:
Each actor and actress was invited. 每一位男演员和女演员都受到了邀请.
一个单数名词前有由and连接的两个形容词修饰时,谓语动词一般用复数.例如:
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.中国和日本丝绸质量都好.
(2)当or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时,谓语动词的数取决于它邻近的主语的数.例如:
Neither the prices nor the quality has changed. 价格与质量都没变.
Neither the quality nor the prices have changed. 质量与价格都没变.
(3)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数常取决于主语的意义.当主语表示整体时,谓语动词用单数;当主语强调集体中的个体时,谓语动词用复数.
The family is the basic unit of the society. 家庭是社会的基本单位.
The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy. 一家人都同意去意大利度假.
这类集体名词有:people, army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, party, police, public, staff, team等,其中 people, cattle, police常用复数.
(4)一些表示数量的词语,如a lot of , any of, most of, half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, the rest of, some of, none of , all of与名词连接时,谓语动词
的数取决于名词的数.名词用单数,谓语动词也用单数,名词用复数,谓语动词也用复数.例如:
A lot of my friends are here to celebrate my birthday. 我的很多朋友来这里庆贺我的生日.
Most of the book is interesting.这本书大部分很有意思.
注意当a number of修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数,而当the number of与名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
A number of students were late for school owing to the storm. 一些学生因暴风雨而迟到.
The number of errors was surprising. 错误的数量让人吃惊.
❻ 什么是语法一致原则
答:这是英语语法中讲到主谓一致时,人们总结出来的几个“原则”之一。它们是:
1.
语法一致原则。
2.
语义一致原则。
3.
邻近一致原则。
主谓一致是指英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式要与主语保持一致,也就是说,谓语动词的形式受到主语的限制。不同的主语要用不同的谓语形式。
除be动词的过去式有was
和were两个以外,其它动词的过去式只有一种变化形式,所以主谓一致主要体现在“现在时态”的句子中。
其实现在时态的动词变化就两种形式:原形和S形(
be动词是am,
are
和is)。我们需要注意的就是:当主语为第三人称单数时,现在时态的谓语动词用S形。
这个就叫“语法一致原则”,我更喜欢称它为“形式一致”,我不太喜欢叫它原则。
如:he/she/it
is
...
we
/they
/you
are
....
Tom
studies
hard.
Tom
and
Mary
study
hard.
语义一致原则,也叫“内容一致”原则,是相对于“形式一致”而言的。
比如family
这一个单词,有两个不同的含义,用它作主语时,要看它是什么语义,决定是单数意义还是复数意义,如:
My
family
is
a
big
one.
我的家庭是一个大家庭。
这里的family
指的是“家庭”,是单数的概念。所以谓语动词用S形。但:
My
family
are
all
fond
of
music.
我的家人都喜爱音乐。
这里的family指的是“家人”,是一个复数概念,谓语动词用are
类似的名词有group,
team,
等等。作“整体”
解是单数,“成员”是复数
population,
作“人口数字”解是单数,作“人(口)”解是复数。
如:The
population
of
the
city
is
large.
(is
100,000),
70%
of
the
population
of
the
city
are
workers.
either...
or...,
neither...nor...
not
only
....
but
also.....
邻近一致there
be.
如:Either
you
or
he
is
wrong.
Either
he
or
you
are
wrong.
这个你懂的。
其实,除邻近一致原则外,另两个原则可以合称为“语法一致”原则。就是看真正的主语是什么,单数,用S形,复数,用原形。
这里讲一下:Each
boy
and
each
girl
has
a
new
book.
主语是each
boy
and
each
girl,
并不是说一男一女两个,而是=everybody,
every
student
每一个学生都有一本新书。主语还是单数。
❼ 英语语法的就近原则有哪些
就近一致原则(Proximity)】
也称“邻近原则”,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"or ; either …or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
❽ 英语中有个就近一致的原则,到底是什么
跟WITH无关的,with his student(s)就像修饰语一样,可以不管它,所以前面如果是teachers,就用复数动词,如果是teacher就用单数动词。
❾ 英语语法的就近原则有哪些
就近一致原则(Proximity)】
也称“邻近原则”,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"or
;
either
…or;nor;
neither…or;whether…or;not…but;
not
only…but
also"
;
等。e.g.
①What
he
does
or
what
he
says
does
not
concern
me
.
他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither
you
nor
I
am
wrong
.
你和我都没错。
③Not
you
but
your
father
is
to
blame
.
不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not
only
you
hut(also)
he
is
wrong
.不仅你错了,他也错了。
2.
在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In
the
distance
was
heard
the
clapping
of
hands
and
the
shouts
of
the
people
.
在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There
is
(are)
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk
.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.
非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.
Neither
she
nor
I
were
there
(意义一致)
我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither
she
nor
I
was
there
.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No
one
except
his
own
supporters
agree
with
him
.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No
one
”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
❿ 在英语句子中什么时候用“就近一致”原则
【就近原则】
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致.
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等.e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错.
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.
II. 非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.
【就远原则】
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from
E.G:He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.