『壹』 高中英语不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课本中的一个重点，也是中考必考查的一个项目。下面我们对动词不定式做一简要归纳，以帮助同学们学习和参考。
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)。其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛，在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语
（1）动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。例如：
To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my ty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
（2）如果动词不定式太长，常常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如：
It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It’s important for us to learn English well．对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
二、作宾语
（1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如：
I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。
She enjoys reading very much．她非常喜欢读书。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
（2）动词不定式与名等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。例如：
I think it our ty to obey the laws. 我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
I found it difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
三、作补足语
（1）某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语；在被动式中，由于原来的宾语变成了主语，故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。这类动词常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish，invite等。例如：
They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了。→He was told not to be late again.
She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday．昨天她请我一起进餐。
（2）在feel（一感），listen to，hear（二听），let，make，have（三让），look at，see，watch，notice（四看）等词之后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，强调动作的完成过程；它们作被动句的谓语时，to要补上。如：
I heard her sing today．She sang wonderfully．今天我听见她唱歌了，她唱得非常精彩。
She was heard to sing today．今天有人听见她唱歌了。
She is often heard to sing this song（by us）．我们经常听见她唱这首歌。
四、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。例如：
Come to see me again soon. 尽快再来看我。
I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己也不能那样做。
(2) only to do sth. 与 only doing sth. 都可作表示结果的状语，区别是：only to do sth. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果, 或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作；only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。例如：
I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,结果最后却是失败。
He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,只留下一身债
五、作表语
（1）动词不定式往往放在系动词be（，become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。例如：
My wish is to become a teacher．我的愿望是当一名教师。
Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。
（2）如果系动词后的动词说明主语的性质，特征，相当于形容词。这时就要用现在分词作表语，而不用不定式。例如：
He said that the story was interesting．他说这则故事很有趣。
六、作定语
（1）动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，该动词不定式要用被动式。例如：
Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做吗?
I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。你有什么东西要捎去的吗?
（2）动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作，如果动作已发生或正在发生，一般用现在分词作定语。例如：
I have no pen to write with．我没有钢笔写字。
The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那个人是李明。
七、和疑问词连用：
不定式前可用what，who，which，where，when，how，why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
（1）作主语。例如：
When to start has not been decided. 什么时候出发还没定下来。
（2）作表语。例如：
The question is how to do the job well. 问题是怎样做好这项工作。
（3）作宾语。例如：
He told me where to find the book. 他告诉我了在哪找到这本书的。
Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎样踢足球吗？
八、不定式的被动式
在初中阶段还涉及到动词不定式被动式的一般式，这种形式是由“to be+动词过去分词”构成的，表示“被……”之意。例如：
There are twenty more trees to be planted. 有更多的树要栽种。
『贰』 高中英语语法+叙述这段内容“动词不定式与被修饰词之间是动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词， 动词后需
答：不定式作后置定语，其逻辑主语是被其修饰的名词（或代词）。根据这个被修饰的词与该不定式的逻辑关系（主动还是被动），决定用不定式的主动式还是被动式，如：the house to be built, 和the years to follow
但是，在：I have sth. to do ，He gave me a book to read. 这种情况下， sth. 尽管与不定式在逻辑上还应是被动关系，但仍用其主动式，不是因为这个不定式与sth有逻辑上的动宾关系（其实上面的的build与the house在逻辑上也是动宾关系，而follow与the years不是），而是因为其动作的执行就在不远处（I，和me),为了突出表示这层关系，而用不定式的主动式（被动式仍有其用武之地），比较：
I have some clothes to wash this afternoon. 今天下午有几件衣服要洗。（洗这个动作是I发出，故用主动之to wash)
I have some clothes to be washed this afternoon. 今天下午我有几件衣服要（拿去让人）洗。（这衣服和wash之间是被动关系，不是I发出）
在这种情况下，如果不定式是不及物动，当然得加上一个我们容易漏掉的介词了，如：
He has a comfortable room to live in.
I have a baby to look after.
『叁』 高中英语动词不定式和动名词所有的内容
动词不定式
不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语，但不能作谓语，可有自己的逻辑主语，即for/of sb to do。
1.不定式作主语
To do that sort of thing is foolish.
It would be better fou you to go there.
（it作形式主语代替后面的不定式)it be adj/n for sb to do sth
注意：不定式作主语表示某次特定的行动；动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
Walking after supper is helpful.
To walk in the street this evening will be nice.
2.不定式作表语
To see is to believe.
All you have to do is (to)finish the job quickly.
(当表语用来解释主语中do的具体内容时，表语中的不定式常常省略to)
3.不定式作宾语
He promosed not to tell anybody about it.
(不定式的否定形式为not to do)
He didn’t go to the party last night,but he intended to.
(不定式后的动词可承前省略，但to不省略)
I think it important for you to recite some English articles.
（如果不定式较长，可用it作形式宾语）
提示：以下动词只能跟不定式作宾语：afford agree ask attempt decide demand expect fail help hope manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem wish.
4.不定式作定语
There are many TV sets to choose from.
(1)当不定式之后有介词与其修饰的名词有介宾盥洗室，介词不能省略。
The room is large to live in.
The river is large to swim in.
(2)当名词前有序数词、最高级或next，only等修饰时，其后用不定式修饰。
Betty was the first(girl)to come.
He’s the only person to know the truth.
The easisest way to learn English is staying at an English family.
She has a wish to travel around the world.
5.不定式作状语
He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.（目的状语）
I’m to tired to walk any further this afternoon.（结果状语）
提示：不定式作结果状语长用于如下结构
so+adj/adv+as to do如此......以至于
such+adj+n+as to do如此......以至于
adj/adv+enough+to do足够......
too+adv/adj+to do太......以致不能
They jumped with joy to hear the news.(原因状语)
He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.（方式状语）
I’m very glad to see you again.
（不定式作修饰表语形容词的状语）
6.不定式作宾语补足语
（1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的动词有：advise allow ask beg cause chellenge drive encourage expect forbid force hire intend invite order permit persuade remind require teach remind tell want warn等。
She asked me to stay here.
（2）表示见解、看法的动词+宾语+带to的不定式（不定式常用to be或to have done形式）。具有这种结构的动词有：believe consider declare discover feel(认为) find imagine judge suppose think understand等。
I consider him to have done wrong.
(3)感官动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，）。具有这种用法的动词有：see notice watch lookat observe hear listento feel等。
I heard the clock tick.The boy was seen to run down the street.
(4)使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（被动式中必须带to，但have一般不用于被动式）。具有这种用法的动词有：make have let等。
Shall I have him come here ?
They shouldn’t be made to do such heavy work.
(5)动词短语+宾语+带to的不定式。具有这种用法的词组有：arrange for ask for call on count on long for depend on rely on wait for等。
I’m waiting for you to reply.
高考真题
1.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good______.
A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed
be+adj+to do不定式用主动形式。The house is comfortable to live in.
2.The director had her assistant______some hot dogs for the meeting.
A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up
have sb do sth让某人做某事
3.I feel greatly honoured______into their society.
A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed
考察非谓语动词。从句是看，这里用不定式作状语，用主系表+to do sth，这里用不定式的被动语态表示受到欢迎。
4.Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced______their homes.
A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left
此处考察be forced to do sth固定结构。在force sb to do sth这一结构中，不定式作动词force的宾语补足语。
课后训练
1.I don’t want______like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded
2.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______in time for Chrismas.
A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
3.He hurried to the station only______that the train had left.
A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found
4.I meant______abroad with them,but I didn’t have enough money.
A.going B.to go C.to have gone D.having gone
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,______it more difficult.
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
6.I’ve worked with children before,so I know what______in my new job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be excepting D.expects
7.She pretended______when I came in.
A.to read B.read C.to be reading D.reading
8.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.grown
9.She is often heard______English aloud in the morning.
A.read B.to read C.having read D.to be reading
10.When I went to the Smiths’,they happened______dinner.
A.to have B.to be having C.to having been having D.having
动名词
V-ing作主语和宾语
1.动名词作主语
（1）谓语动词用单数。
Wishing for things costs nothing.愿望是不花本钱的。
（2）有时用形式主语，多用于一些固定句式中。
It’s no use worrying about it.发愁没有用。
It’s useless arguing(=to argue) with them.跟他们争辩徒劳无益。
Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me?你认为我们吵值得吗？
It is hopeless arguing about it.为此争论毫无用处。
（3）有时用被动式。
It’s fun being taken to the zoo.被带去逛动物园很有意思。
（4）前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格做逻辑主语。
It’s a waste of time you talking to him.你和他谈话时浪费时间。
Jenny’s not going to college is her one regret.杰尼没上过大学是她感到遗憾的事。
2.动名词作宾语
（1）牢记只能接动名词，不接不定式的动词、短语和句型。
动词：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, keep(on), finish, imagine, practise, understand, appreciate, enjoy, miss, prevent, forbid, escape, include, deny, forgive, pardon, excuse, dislike, discuss, report, admit, mind, risk, delay, postpone(推迟)等。
（2）短语：put off, can’t stand, burst out(突然开始), feel like, insist on, give up, be busy, be worth, succeed in, look forward to, devote…to/be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to, lead to, get down to(开始认真做),pay attention to, refer to, point to, turn to, object to, equal to, belong to等。
3.句型：spend … in doing在某方面花费
prevent /stop/keep…from doing阻止……做……
How/What about doing sth?做……怎么样？
have sone difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难
have a hard time in doing sth做某事很艰难
there is no sense in doing做……是没有道理的
（2）牢记动名词和接动词不定式意义差别很大的动词或短语。
remember
forget
regret
mean
stop
try
go on
can’t help
sb need/want/require to do（需要、想要、要求做某事）
sth need/want/require doing(=to be done)（某物需要做某事）
同步训练
翻译下列句子
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
_____________________________
2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。
_____________________________
3.你作文写完了吗？
_____________________________
4.请原谅我来晚了。
_____________________________
5．他不声不响地走了进来。
_____________________________
6．他走进来了，没有被看见。
____________________________
参考答案
My favourite sport is swimming.
It’s no use going there today.He won’t be in(can’t be in).
Have you finished writing your composition.
Excuse me for being late.
He entered the room without making any noise.
He entering the room without being seen.
V-ing作定语和表语
1.动词的-ing形式作表语
（1）动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。
His job is teaching English.
=Teaching English is his Job.
（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质；可有比较形式，也可被very等副词所修饰。
He was very amusing.
Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
2.动词的-ing形式作定语
（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只位于所修饰的名词前。
a swimming pool =a pool for swimming
a walking stick=a stick for walking
（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系；可换成定语从句来表达；单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。
Nobody can stop the running horse=the horse that is running 没有人能阻止那配奔跑的马。horse与running之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
I know the man standing there=who is standing there
（3）如何区分作定语的动名词和现在分词
动词的-ing形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。都可以作定语。
动名词与所修饰的名词间的关系，以swimming pool 为例，是说the pool; is for swimming即为游泳而设，同样a walking stick=The stick is for walking.
而现在分词作定语所表示得是名词的性质或名词的特征。
an interesting book=The book is interesting.
exciting news=the news is exciting
用试加法区别作定语的现在分词和动名词：
试加法是用for带入原含有v+ing形式的词组中，意思通顺者，v+ing形式为动名词。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping（car是供睡觉的），a dancing hall=a hall for dancing（hall是供跳舞的）。二句均通顺，合乎逻辑，所以sleeping和dancing均为动名词。又如：a sleeping boy=a boy for sleeping（boy供睡觉），显然意思不通顺，因而sleeping在此处便是现在分词了。
这样定语还可以用试加转换定语从句法加以验证。一般说来能转换成合理的定语从句的v+ing即为现在分词。
A sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping
Working people=people who are working
3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
（1）动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中）”。
She caught them stealing her apples.（them与stealing有主动关系；在“撞见时”正在偷。）
（2）试比较以下句子
I saw the boy climbed the wall.我看见那小男孩爬墙。（强调爬墙这件事）
I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见那小男孩正在爬墙。（强调爬墙的情景）
同步训练
1.The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
2.The squirrel（松鼠）was lucky that it just missed ______.
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
3.She didn’t remember______him before.
A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met
4.There was a terrible noise______the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
5.The secretary worked late into the night,______a long speech for the president.
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
6.I can hardly imagine Peter______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail B.to sailed C.sailing D.to have sailed
7.---I usually go there by train.
---Why not______by boat for a chance?
A.to try doing B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
8.I would appreciate______back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you are calling
9.______a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
10.The missing boys were last seen______near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
参考答案
1-5 A A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
V-ing作状语
1.作时间状语
（While） Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
2.作原因状语
Being a League member,he is always helping others.
3.作方式状语，表示伴随。
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.
4.作条件状语。
（If） Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
5.作结果状语。
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
6.做目的状语。
He went swimming the other day.
7.作让步状语。
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
8.与逻辑主语构成独立主格。“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we’ll do another two exercise.
如果时间允许，我们将做另外两个练习。
有时也可用with（without）+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
9.作独立成分。
Judging from his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更加细心。
同步训练
1.More and more people are signing up for Yuga classes nowdays,______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taking
2.While watching television,______.
A.the doorbell ran B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings
3.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qin,______the 60th anniversary founding of the PLA Navy.
A.marking B.marked C.having marked D.being marked
4.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,______in a small apartment near Boston and______what to do about his future.
A.living;wordering B.lived;wordering
C.lived;wordered D.living;wondered
5.He glanced over at her,______that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.
A.noticing B.noticed C.to notice D.having noticed
6.The flowers______sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
7.The old man,______abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.
A.A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked
8.______,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.
A.General speaking B.Speaking general
C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
9.The storm left,______a lot of damage to this area.
A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused
10.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures______in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
参考答案
1-5 A C A A A 6-10C D C D C
A B A B 6-10 B B A B B
我的教案
『肆』 高中动词不定式的语法
动词不定式的语法功能有哪些
动词不定式可以表示目的
表示结果
表示一种未发生的事情
『伍』 英语.求高中所有重要的动词不定式短语和句型,全点!如果可以的话,说一下用法.
当然可以加动词.而且不定式和变位动词都可以.如：Je ne veux ni manger ni boire.Je n'ai ni mangé ni bu.
『陆』 英语不定式语法
英语中动词的主要功能是做谓语，而动词不定式不能作谓语，所以叫动词的非谓语形式。动词不定式有两种形式，一是带to的不定式，一是不带to的不定式，后者都由动词原形构成。
不定式有动词的性质，有语态和时态。如：
一般式主动语态：to
write
被动语态：to
be
written
进行式：to
be
writing
完成式：to
have
written
完成式被动语态：to
have
been
written
动词不定式的动词性质还表现在可带宾语和状语组成不定式短语。例：Bill
asked
me
not
to
say
his
name
aloud.
(比尔要我别大声叫他的名字。有宾语和状语。）
不定式也有名词的性质，表现在可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。如：
To
be
content
with
little
is
true
happiness.知足常乐。（主语）
She
wants
to
improve
her
biology.她想提高她的生物学水平。（宾语）
He
was
the
right
man
to
marry
Jane.
他正是要娶简的人。（定语）
动词不定式在句子中非常活跃，除了谓语之外所有的成分都能担当，位置往往灵活多变，要根据句子来具体分析，这大概是称为“不定”的原因吧。
『柒』 英语中动词不定式的详细用法
动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、 不定式结构
1. 带to的不定式结构
能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。如：
I want to go to the movies with you.
我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.
在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如：
Dave told me not to wake up Kate.
大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：
（1）在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。如：
You had better go home now.
你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.
外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
（2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
I made them give me the money back.
我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.
我没看见你进来。
（3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。如：
Why not study with us？
为什么不和我们一起学呢？
Why not take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday？
为什么不休个假呢?
（4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。如：
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
（5）为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。如：
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。
二、 不定式的时态
不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常用的为前三种。
1. 一般时
动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生。如：
I plan to attend the meeting.
我计划参加这次会议。
2. 完成时
不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
很抱歉让你久等了。
3. 进行时
不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：
They are said to be working hard.
据说他们工作得很努力。
4. 完成进行时
不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进行着。如：
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.
据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
三、 动词不定式在句中的作用
1． 作主语
如：To live is to work.
生活就是工作。
To save time is to lengthen life.
节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。
不定式结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语，而把不定式结构后置的形式。如：
It is important for students to study English.
学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。
2. 作定语
（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：
I have nothing to say on this question.
对这个问题我无可奉告。
（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：
Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
（3）有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：
Our teacher had no time to think about rest.
我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。
3. 作宾语
I wish to be a college student.
我希望成为一名大学生。
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。如：
I find it useful to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很有用。
4. 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。
（1）作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：
He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老师让他像这样说这个单词。
（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？
你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？
5. 作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）作目的状语。如：
He stopped to have a rest.
他停下来休息。
（2）作结果状语。如：
He woke up to find everybody gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如：
I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.
听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
（4）在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学年龄了。
（5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。。。
字典和语法书上查得的，现成的答案，建议你买本语法书看看，很有用！
『捌』 英语语法(动词不定式)
【动词不定式】
1.定义：动词 + 不定式to do
2.用途：
动词不定式在句中可以作句子任何成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
[动词不定式的语态]
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语，其形式如下：
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made
完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made
进行式 （not） to be making
完成进行式 （not） to have been making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）
I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）
He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
这样看来，你的句子
The problem isn't easy to work out. 不定式作宾语
The building to be built here next month will be a supermarket.不定式作定语
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.不定式作宾语
OK？希望能帮到你啊！