❶ 关于英语语法的被动语态
1.一个简单句就只能有一个动词,如果是复合句,则可有多个动词
2.复合句中(即既有主句又有从句专的句子)可有两个动属词,另外动名词(动词的名词化形式)可在句子中出现2个。
3.Be动词刻在进行时态中可与动词连用
❷ 英语语法中被动语态的构成
被动语态各时态构成表
TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be+V.\V.s am\is\are+V(p.p)
一般将来时回 will\be going to+V.will be +V(p.p)
现在进行时 am\is\are+V.ing am\is\are+being+V(p.p)
一般过去答时 ①was\were②V.ed was\were+V(p.p)
现在完成时 have\has+V.p.p have\has+been+V(p.p)
过去完成时 had+V.p.p had+been+V(p.p)
过去进行时 was\were+V.ing was\were+being+V(p.p)
情态动词 情态动词+V.情态动词+be+V(p.p)
❸ 高中英语被动语态的语法整理
被动语态英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。
1. 定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说:我被他打,这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动,例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成:be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)(+by+动作执行者)(过去分词的概念见上课)
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为改句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词,但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下:
① 一般式(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me).
② 进行时(现在进行、过去进行、将来进行):be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时(现在完成、过去完成、将来完成):have/has been + P.P.:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如:My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态依词类推,可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。)
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等,如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须罗嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等
❹ 在英语语法中,什么是被动语态
如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。主动语态→被动语态:
1、找到该句宾语(必须是在谓语动词后的),将它提到句子开头。
2、用被动语态结构be+Vt过去分词构成句子。
3、把原句的主语用by构成的介词短语带出,也可不加。
eg:I finished my homework yesterday.
→My homework was finished (by me) yesterday.
特殊形式:
1、部分Vi加上适当介词可当作Vt构成被动语态。
eg:Parents look after their children carefully.
→Children were looked after (by parents) carefully.
2、联系动词没有被动语态。eg:The water feels warm.
3、在主动语态中一些省略to的动词不定式改为被动语态时需加上to。
eg:Teachers often make him stand outside.
→He is often made to stand outside (by teachers).
4、have、let等动词无被动语态。
必要时,have可改为held,let sb to do sth可改为be allowed to do sth (被允许做某事)。
❺ 英语中情态动词的被动语法有几种该如何用
四种。
一、基本句型结构:
1、肯定句:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词
eg: Teenagers should be allowed to go shopping.
Tables can be made of stones.
2、否定句:主语+情态动词+not +be+ 过去分词
eg: Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to go shopping.
Tables can’t be made of stones.
3、一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词
eg: Should teenagers be allowed to go shopping?
Can tables be made of stones?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+ 过去分词
eg: What should teenagers be allowed?
What can tables be made of?
(5)英语中的被动语态用什么语法扩展阅读
含有情态动词的主动语态与被动语态的转换:
1、 We (主语)can(情态动词) write(谓语) letters (宾语)in English.(宾语补足语)
Letters(主语)can (情态动词)be written(谓语)in English (宾语)by us. (宾语补足语)
2、Parents(主语)should(情态动词)allow(谓语)teenagers (宾语)to choose their own clothes.
Teenagers(主语)should(情态动词)be allowed (谓语)to choose their own clothes (宾语)by their parents. (宾语补足语)
3、You(主语)must(情态动词)clean(谓语)your bedroom (宾语)every day.(时间状语)
Your bedroom(主语)must(情态动词)be cleaned (谓语)every day (时间状语)by you.(宾语)
❻ 英语语法中的被动语态结构是什么什么时候该用
英语中有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被版动语态表示主语权是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的助动词同样有时态、人称和数的变化。
1.A
new
computer
was
bought
to
me
by
my
father
yesterday.
2.The
children
are
looked
after
very
well
by
Mrs
Zhang.
3.He
was
seen
to
come
into
the
meeting-room.(这里注意一下:由于see是感官动词,所以改为被动语态后要加to)
4.English
is
found
very
useful
by
us.
5.A
lot
of
trees
are
planted
by
him.
后面的“by…”可加可不加,只要句子表示的是被动的意思就可以了。
❼ 英语语法中的被动语态是什么意思详细解释非诚勿扰
英语中的主动和被动就类似于中文的“把字句”“被字句”转换。比如“我把那只蚊回子杀死答了”和“那只蚊子被我杀死了”--I
killed
that
mosquito./That
mosquito
was
killed
by
me.
被动语态的结构往往是be动词+动词的过去分词+by+……(实施动作的人)最后两个部分在不强调实施动作人的情况下可省略(但考试的时候别省)。在互相转换时主要需要注意人称变化及时态的一致。
❽ 英语被动语态的语法要点
当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为该句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put在此处是不及物动词,但put out是及物动词。 TENSE 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 be+V.V.s amisare+(p.p) 一般将来时 wille going to will be +(p.p) 现在进行时 amisare+V.ing amisare+being+(p.p) 一般过去时 ①waswere②V.ed waswere+(p.p) 现在完成时 havehas+V.p.p havehas+been+(p.p) 过去完成时 had+V.p.p had+been+(p.p) 过去进行时 waswere+V.ing waswere+being+(p.p) 情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+(p.p) ①(,一般将来时):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . 例如: Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。
④ 其他时态以此类推,可得到结果。
⑤情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。 ① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to],如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须啰嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友)
⑩ 表地点处所组织长度大小数量程度抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等
❾ 英语语法被动语态
语态表达主语和谓语之间的关系,主语是动作的发出者就是主动语态,主语是动作内的承受者就是被动语容态。被动语态的基本结构是be+done,具体每句话按照其相应的时态都有个被动语态的结构,这个从语法书上找,也可以自己理解着推导。
另外需要注意的是,被动语态的动词必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词就不能变成被动语态的句子。具体结构如下:
一般现在时:am
is
are+done
现在进行时:am
is
are
+being
done
过去进行时:was
were
+being
done
现在完成时:have
has
+been+done
过去完成时:had+been+done
一般将来时:will
be
done
过去将来时:would+be
done
一般过去时:was
were+
done