❶ 人教版初二英语语法。
1. so+谓语+主语：…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．请随便吃点．．．
4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.
完全不同意I really don’t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原则
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原则
既．．．．又．．．both…and….谓语用复数
7. 看起来，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由于．．．而闻名be famous for….
9. 餐馆就餐用语：a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here’s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That’s all.
10. 问路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3个路口往右拐＝take the third crossing on your right
12. 过桥go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的尽头go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb’s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what’s the matter?=what’s wrong?=what’s the trouble?怎么了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+时间+to do sth. Sb做sth花费了…时间
20. 路途遥远It’s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That’s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分钟的步行/驾驶路程：five minutes’ walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb’s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那时
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像东京这样的大城市
27. It’s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.（对sb来说）做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 条件状语从句：从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时。如：If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 为…做准备get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不让sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲惫的声音/面带微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 为了sth与sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 为…而抱怨,投诉
37. 生病用语：sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 头痛，have a cough 咳嗽，have/catch a cold 感冒，have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃药，每天3次
39. take sb’s temperature 量体温，look over 医生检查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水，take more exercise 多锻炼
41. sb醒来: sb wake up, //sb 醒着的：sb be awake
42. sb 睡着了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙着…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠药，light music 轻音乐
46. again and again 再三地，一次又一次
47. dream about…梦见…; dream of… 梦想成为…
48. 系动词+形容词: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble制造麻烦，惹是生非，make a noise 制造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分钟
51. instead/instead of…代替，取而代之，反而
52. write to sb. 写信给sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足；stay happy 保持心情开朗
54. on time 准时；in time 按时
55. sb had better (not) do sth， sb 最好（别）做sth
56. land on …登陆
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上来
58. 不定代词：something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we’re all by ourselves=we’re alone.单独，独自
60. feel a little afraid/don’t be afraid. 有点害怕/别害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也许，可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 迟早，早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顾，保管
67. 我自学英语learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 学会…
69. 记日记 keep a diary，写日记 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 单独留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入团/党
72. 越来越…:比较级+and+比较级; more and more +多音节词。如：bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比较级，the +比较级。 如：越大越好：the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 开/关（电器），turn up/down音量开大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整个故事,整件事情
76. 过了一会儿after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼脸
78. 名胜，景点interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大风；in the wind 在风里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒装句（为了强调）There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 说完这些话，说着说着（伴随状语）。
85. I don’t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎样使用它。
where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
86. wait for sb’s turn to do sth 等着轮到sb做sth
It’s sb’s turn to do sth. 轮到sb去做sth
被动：be+动词过去分词
eg：The trees are planted every year.
过去完成时:
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，一般用在描述过去的某个时点已经发生过的动作或情况的句子中,即：过去的过去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。
过去完成时由“主语+had+动词过去分词”构成。其肯定句，否定句和疑问句结构如下：
肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.
否定句：主语+had not+过去分词+其他.
疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经工作两年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经两年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那时他已经工作两年了吗？
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：
(1) 用by，before等构成的介词短语。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上个月底，琳达已经学了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前约翰已经修好了那台机器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我们到达车站之前，火车已经开了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到
这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我来这之前，在一家医院已经工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
他告诉我他自从十年前就一直在这儿工作了。
❷ 人教版八年级上册英语语法知识梳理
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...? 是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ （有特定的范围）
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：
Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国？
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：
always（总是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，经常）
sometimes（有时候）
never（从不）
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England.他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做)；
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如：
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问：1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball？
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：
he,she, it，my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：
man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）
3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
❸ 八年级英语语法大全
英语语法从初中到高中，甚至是大学，都是一样的。不一样的是，某一项语专法的深度和宽度。现在跟你属列一下应掌握的语法。冠词、代词、形容词、非谓语动词、情态动词、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、倒装句、省略句和一些简单的对话（多看一些英语单句，培养语感，一开始感觉没啥作用，后来就发现作用很大）。自己买一本语法书看。虽然很枯燥，但在做选择题时很快。中考拼的是speed。还有啥不懂的问我！
❹ 八年级上学期的英语语法总结（全部）！
一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。
二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他总是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left.
剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是这样的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法：
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）
疑问代词：
1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词：
When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from?
Why为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四．特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法：
Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，can’t.
can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要……”even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一．可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：
Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句：was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句：主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句）
肯定式：主语+动词过去式
否定式：主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：
How long did + 主语+动词？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”can’t, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.个完整你选择哪个吧！
❺ 人教版八年级所有英语语法
5．Thanks for taking care of my dog．谢谢你照看我的狗。
6．Don't forget to clean his bed．不要忘了清扫他的床。
7．I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英语功课，然后见我的朋友。
8．I'm going on vacation tomorrow．明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒适的座位
do a survey of做一个调查
play a piano piece弹一支钢琴曲
the price of……的价格
the radio station广播电台
think about考虑
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的电视节目
a 1ot许多
1．What's the best movie theater? 哪个是最好的影院?
2．What is the best radio station? 哪个是最好的广播电台?
3．It has the most comfortable seats．它拥有最舒适的座位。
4．What do young people think about places in town? 年轻人关于镇上的位置是什么看法?
5．We did a survey of our readers．我们做了一个读者涮查。
6．Last week's talent show was a great success．上周的才能展示是一个成功。
7．She played a beautiful piano piece．她演奏了一支优美的钢琴曲。
8．What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的电视剧是什么7
9．The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night． 一个旅馆房间的价格是每晚320元。
10．There's a lot things to do．有许多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇汤
a speech contest一次演讲比赛
live in居住在……
creative job富有创造性的工作
arrive in到达
elementary school小学
funniest movie actor最有意思的电影演员
1．How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎么做蘑菇汤?
2．I won a speech contest．我演讲比赛获胜。
3．Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京吗?
4．No，not an actor，another kind of creative job．不，不是做演员，而是另一种富有创造性的工作。
5．We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th．
我们在八月二十日到达澳大利亚。
6．What is the best elementary school?最好的小学是哪个?
7．Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你认为谁是最有意思的电影演员? 下册a pair of一双，一对 ask for 请求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with赞同 all year round一年到头，全年 all kinds of各种，各样 all the time一直 argue with与争吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到达 at least至少 at a meeting在开会 at first首先 as…as possible尽可能 as…as象一样 be able to能够 be angry with 生气 be mad at对感到气愤 be good at擅长于 be careful小心 be allowed被允许 be surprised惊讶 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in对感兴趣 break the rule打破规则 by the way顺便 complain about抱怨 come along出现，发生 come true实现，达到 come in进来 cut in line插队 call sb. up打电话给 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter乱扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事 end up结束 fall in love with爱上 fall asleep入睡 far from远离 first of all首先 fly to飞向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down压低声音 keep out不让进入 look for寻找 look smart 看起来精干 look after照顾 look through浏览 let (sb) in让进 let sbget along相处 get over克服 get annoyed生气 get bored厌烦 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with与相处（好） get injured受伤 give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物 give away赠送 go skating去溜冰 go out of从出去/来 have a fight with与打架/争吵 have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到过 hear about/of听说 hundreds of好几百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一会儿 in 100 years100年后 in good health身体健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未来，将来 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操场 in/out of style时髦/过时 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄国风格 in public places在公共场合 It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事 the same as与相同 try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打开/关掉 turn up/down开大/关小 talk to/with与谈话 take care of照顾 take part in参加 take off起飞take away拿走 take place发生 take an interest in对感兴趣 take care (not) to do小心（不）做 thanks for (doing)谢谢（做） wait in line排队等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)谋生 make money赚钱 make friends with与交友 more than多于 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到为止 not at all一点也不 on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日 on the phone在通话 on the one/other hand在一（另）方面 open up打开 put out熄灭 好不容易收集到的，希望满意（太多拉还有如果需要请加我1413979442）
❻ 初中八年级英语所有语法
现在完成时
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just, already, yet 等副词修饰。常与非延续性动词连用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常用延续性动词，常带有for和since（自从）等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
(3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。
3．结构
1）陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=haven’t has not= hasn’t.
2) 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？
3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
4.现在完成时的时间状语
1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just（刚刚）, before（以前）, up to now（直到现在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今为止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？
2） 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以说He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。（不可以说has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。（不可以说has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以说have begun） 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
6.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to) 表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第 三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）“It is或has been + 一段时间+ since引导的时间状语从句”表示“某人干某事已经多长时间了”。since从句的谓语要用非延续性动词 若动词延续，则译成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住这儿已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 （4）.提问for短语或since状语用how long。
(5).完成时的否定形式与比较级连用表达最高级含义。如：
I have never seen a better film.我从未看过一部更好的电影。（这部最好）
注：否定式与比较级连用表示最高级含义不一定用于完成时态。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can’t agree more.(我再同意不过了哦)
.语法—直接引语变间接引语（多数情况下变为宾语 从句）
(1). 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（口语中可以省略引导词）宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “I’ll visit my aunt tomorrow.” Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,” It’s important to finish your homework.”
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
“_______________________________________.”they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said’”_______________________________.”
(2). 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由连词if 或whether引导的宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Will you have a surprise party for me?” he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,” Can you help me?” ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，”__________________________________?”
(3). 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词不变，宾语从句用陈述语序。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. The teacher asked,” Why are all the windows open?”
______________________________________________.
b. “When will you find out the time?” she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. “What’s the matter with you, Alice?” he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引语如果是肯定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Make sure the door is closed，” she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. “Tell me the news, please.” Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
“_______________________________，” he said to me.
(5).直接引语如果是否定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：a. “Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. “Don’t shout at the old man,” I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
“____________________________, “ our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don’t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 条件句 在一般将来时的句子里（指主句），时间状语从句、条件状语从句等的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。当主句含有情态动词或主句为祈使句时，从句也用一般现在时。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑问句
附加疑问句由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
Tom is a worker, isn’t Tom? (改错) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改错) ______
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1.陈述部分含否定意味的词如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等时，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式；但如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍做肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2. this/that作主语时，无论是否指人，疑问部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn’t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陈述部分的主语如果是one, 疑问部分主语用one或he。One can’t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let’s…（包括听者在内）, 附加疑问句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括听者在内）， 附加疑问句一般用will you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用be there?结构来完成。 There’s little water, _________？
7..陈述部分含that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句陈述部分是”I / We think (believe, suppose) +宾语从句”时，附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾语从句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don’t think you are right，________?
3) I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陈述部分是I am… , 附加疑问部分为aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陈述部分含had better, would like时， 疑问部分分别用hadn’t…?和wouldn’t…? You’d better go out , _______________? You’d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致，疑问部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn’t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容词表示一类人，其附加疑问句主语用复数代词。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等连接的并列主语，附加疑问部分用复数。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn’t they?
13.当陈述部分含有have to时，附加疑问部分的助动词应根据have 的变化，分别用don’t， doesn’t， didn’t。 He has to take your advice, doesn’t he?
14.当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，附加疑问部分的主语通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.当陈述部分含有wish时，附加疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 当陈述部分的谓语是“used to+动词原形（过去常常干某事）”时，疑问部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t +主语”。 He used to live in London, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
❼ 八年级英语上册语法大全人教版 所有语法 所有单元
leavesbbyoneself独自留下某人needn't=don'thaveto不需it's 形容词 todosthmakesbdosth让某人做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人做某事asksb(not)todosth询问某人做某事be(not) 形容词 enouth todosthbe too 形容词 todosthtakecareof=lookafter照顾each of固定搭配assoonas一……就want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn以上词语后跟todosthfinish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise以上词语后跟doingsthstop,forget,remember以上词语后可跟todosth也可跟doingsth。比如“forgettodosth”意思是“忘记去做某事（表示事情还没做）”，“forgetdoingsth”则表示“忘了做过某事（表示事情已经做了）”，如此类推，其余两个用法相同。seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事seesbdosth看见过某人做某事makeit 形容词 todosthenjoy/help/teach oneself靠自己reach=getto=arrivein/at注：arrivein表示到达较大的地方，比如一个国家，一座城市等；arriveat表示到达较小的地方，如学校，电影院等。havebeento曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了）havebeenin一直在某地（现在仍在某地）havegoneto去了某地（现在正在去的途中，还没回来）现在完成时：have(has) 动词过去分词lookforwordto 动词ingdivededinto把……分成alittle=abitof一点点too……to 动词原形现在完成时的动词短语变化：began→beoncome/arrive→beherego/leave→beawaybuy→havedie→bedeadborrow→keepjoin→beamember(in)in 一段时间表示将来将来时表达形式：begoingtodosth=willdosth=bedoingsthdoone'sbest=tryone'sbest尽力去做某事afraidto 动词afraidof 名词usetodosth过去常做某事didn'tusetodo=usen'ttodo过去不做某事nolonger=notanylonger现在不做某事fillwith=befullof装满gotobed上床去睡觉gotosleep入睡fallasleep从上床到入睡的全过程（动态）beasleep睡着（静态）on 具体某天的早上/下午/晚上makeoutof用……做出abit 形容词abitof 名词afew（用于可数名词肯定句）few（用于可数名词否定句）alittle（用于不可数名词肯定句）little（用于不可数名词否定句）many（用于可数名词）much（用于不可数名词）bit（可数与不可数两者均可