① 英语语法和句式的区别
英语语法包来括词法和句法两个部自分。
词法,比如说名词的数、格,动词的时、体等形态变化,形容词的原级、比较级、最高级等等,这些都不属于句式的内容。
句法也不完全指句式。句法指的是句子的构造规则,而句式指的是某些特定的句子的构造形式。比如说,句法规定了动词的变化要与主语的人称和数(第一、第二、第三,单数、复数)保持一致(They
sing.
He
sings.),还规定了时态(tense)、体(aspect)的变化规则。而句式,只是一些特定的句子构造形式,比如说比较句要说成He
is
taller
than
me.(A
be
-er
than
B.),再如“…so
…
that…”句式表示“如此……以致……”,等等。
② 请问英语里的句型与语法有什么区别
语法是研究按确定用法来运用词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系.
句型指句子的结构类型。换言之就是根据构成句子的语词的不同类别、序列、搭配方式等形成的常见的句子类型。句型可以分为两大范畴:
A. 按语法要求构成的类型:
1. 英语中有六种主体结构类型:
1)主语 + 不及物动词 + 附加成分 (简称主谓句)
2)主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓宾句)
3)主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓双宾句)
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓复合宾语句)
5)主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 附加成分 (简称主系表句)
6)There be + 主语 + 附加成分 (简称存在句)
注:
1)六大类型还可以根据不同的词类、词性化出不同的分句型,如:
* 主谓双宾语:
主谓 + 间宾 + 直宾;
主谓 直宾 + 介词to/for/from + 间宾
* 主谓复宾:
主谓 + 间宾 + 名词
主谓 + 间宾 + 副词
主谓 + 间宾 + 形容词
主谓 + 间宾 + 分词
主谓 + 间宾 + 不定式
主谓 + 间宾 + 介词短语
2)附加成分根据需要可有可无,通常指的是各种状语、非限制性定语、同位语等,其位置灵活,可以出现在句首、句中或句尾。
1. 其他多种结构类型,这类举行举不胜举,需要日积月累,如:
* as soon as ... 一...就...
* hardly ... before/when 刚一...就...
* It is high time that + 虚拟语气:早就该做某事了(但是没有做)
* 形式主语:it is ...+ 主语(不定式、动名词或主语从句)
* 强调句:it is + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分
A. 按根据英语习惯形成类型,这类句型常常不能完全用语法来衡量,需要特殊记忆:如:
* can't ... too much to do sth. 无论怎样...也不过分
* too ... to do sth. 太如何以至于不能做某事
* can't help/stand/bear doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住/受不了做某事。
总而言之,语法是基础,句型是模版,几乎所有的模版都来源于语法,只要把语法学深学透,即使个别来源于语言实践但不符合语法的句型,多数问题都可以迎刃而解。
③ 怎样学英语的语法和句型
最重要是大声朗读英语词组。根据相关单词来进行词组的记忆,这样学习更方便。(我是英语课代表)
④ 求一些英语的句型结构和语法知识,谢谢了。
英语句型结构
一.简单句:
英语基本句型-1
主系表结构:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。
系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Deep water stays still.
He was at work.
She is in good health.
It is beyond my ability.
I was at a loss.
You are under arrest.
英语基本句型-2
主谓结构:本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如:The sun rises.
Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. They had to travel by air or boat.
3. She sat there alone.
4. He came back when we were eating.
5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。
英语基本句型-3
主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
英语基本句型-4
双宾语结构:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如: He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如: He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;
(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
英语基本句型-5
复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。
如: The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
My mother asked me to clean my room.
The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
也可以说 I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是复合句,意思都是一样的。
英语基本句型-6
There be 句型: 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等,但一般不用have。如:
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:
现在有 there is/are …
过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…;there is /are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
There used to be a cinema here before the war.
二.并列句。
结构:
1.由分号连接。
eg. Some people cry; others laugh.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.
2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both…and…/not only…but also…/as well as/
or else/ either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。
eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.
I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.
Both my father and mother are teachers.
It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.
三、复合句
构成:由一个逐句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全局的主体,从句只是全句中的一个成分,不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的,引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。
分类:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句),形容词性从
句(定语从句),副词性从句(状语从句)。
⑤ 英语里所有的句型和语法,句式。
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
Ⅲ. 中考动词时态考点分析
一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002辽宁)
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
[析] 1. C。since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。
二、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则
2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龙江 )
A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
[析] 2. C。if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”。从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
三、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year. (2002天津)
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
[析] 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态。
四、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西)
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
[析] 4. B。此例由didn’t, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。
五、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则
5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002辽宁)
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
[析] 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。
The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A):
⑥ 英语的语法和句型有区别吗为什么
stop
to
do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop
doing停止做某事。
停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop
doing
sth.不正确。
句型也是种语法
包含在语法当中
⑦ 英语:句式和语法结构的区别是什么
句式:句子的结构表达式。如:there + be (is are was were ,will be hsa been ,.. ) + 名词
+地点。 这个句型表示:某处有(即存在)某物。这内叫做句式。容句式很多,又如:主语 + be + too + adj. + to + 动词原形 (不定式)+ 不定式的宾语 + 其它(时间,地点,方式等等状语) 。 这个句型表示:主语太。。。。了以至于主语不能够作某事。
语法就包含的内容很多。如。词法: 名词(名词的功能作主语,宾语或(介词宾语)),定语,表语,宾语补足语,)
动词:时态(共有16) ,语态(主动和被动),语气(陈述语气,疑问语气,感叹, 强调,虚拟。。。等等)。
形容词:作定语,比较级,最高级,复合形容词的构造规则,。。。。
副词:。。。
时态,人称,数的关系,等等
句法:简单句,复合句,各种从句。
句式严格说不属于语法。
句式是学习单词的另一种形式,----不过不是单独第记忆某个单词而已,而是记住某种习惯句型的表达法。
⑧ 英语句型重要还是语法重要
英语句型和语法没有哪个更重要的问题。它们的关系是相辅相成的。 只有它们回一致了, 才是最重要的答。 另外语法是在人们使用的语言的基础上总结出来的, 目的是为了使后来人和外国人更好地掌握这种语言。所以我觉得英语是先有的句型, 后有的语法。 再后来,语法又影响着英语句型的规范使用。但在各个族群中使用的语言还是有差异。
因此, 很难说谁重要。对于我们这些非英语为母语的人来说, 它们都同样重要。 不管是句型还是语法, 只有学对了, 才能让别人听懂我们的话和看懂我们的文章。你说是吧?
⑨ 英语语法与句型
英语基本句型:
1.存在句
There be +名词短语+介词短语
There is a television tower in the centre of the city.
There be +名词短语+定语从句
There is a boy at the door who is holding a bunch of flowers.
There be +名词短语+非谓语动词短语
There were ten residents killed in the earthquake.
There are still a lot of problems to be settled.
There is a woman waiting for you in the office.
2.祈使句
Don’t laugh at him.
Never be late for school.
Let’s hold a party tonight.
3.强调句
It is +人+who/that+其他
It’s my sister who bought me this nice shirt.
It was my sister that you met yesterday.
It is +时间/地点/原因/方式+that+其他
It was because of overwork that she got ill.
4.主系表句(主+系动词+表语)
He remained weak.
Silk feels smooth.
She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.
5.主谓宾句
词组宾语
Everybody longs for success and happiness.
宾语从句
I wonder whether you can spare me a few minutes.
不定式宾语
The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
6.主谓宾补句
形容词补语
You shouldn’t have kicked the door open.
Don’t you think it wrong to cheat in exams? (it 为形式宾语,不定式为真正的宾语)
名词补语
Jack has made Jane an excellent wife.
分词补语
I heard him singing when I passed by his study.
7.方式状语从句
I have changed it as you suggested.
8.结果状语从句
He was so careless that he made many spelling mistakes in his writing.
It is such a popular song that everybody can sing it.
9.目的状语从句
I have been saving money so that I can have a house of my own.
They talked in a low voice in order that they might not disturb us.
He hid in the grass for fear that he might be found.
Better take more clothes in case the weather (should常省略) get cold.
10.比较句
He lives farther from school than I do.
He is as energetic as a young man.
I made as many mistakes as she did.
The more time you spend on English, the better you will learn it.
His house is twice as big as mine.
I prefer coffee to tea.
11.It形式主语句
It difficult for a beginner to read such scientific materials.
It is no use /no good/fun quarrelling with such people.
It is high time that+从句(谓语动词用过去式表示虚拟)(表示该……的时候了。)
It is high time that we began our job application.
12.主句+as if/as though+虚拟语气
He talked as if he ha