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初三衔接英语重点语法

发布时间:2021-02-03 02:51:13

『壹』 初三英语重点短语和语法

自己整理!!!!

『贰』 初三上学期英语重要的词组,语法

1.时态复习(一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来 时,现在完成时)
一般现在时:I /You/get up at 6:00 every day
一般过去时:he was tired after working
现在进行时:He is playing soccer on the playground
过去进行时:I was playing football when they came to my school
一般将来时::He will join our party.
现在完成时:We'll start at once if the rain has stopped
2.被动语态(一般现在时态的被动语态,一般过去时态的被动语态,一般将来时态的被动语态,现在完成时态的被动语态,情态动词的被动语态)
一般现在时态的被动语态:am/is/are+done
一般过去时态的被动语态:was/were+done
一般将来时态的被动语态:will/shall be+done
现在完成时态的被动语态:have/has been+done
情态动词的被动语态:Many trees should be planted on the mountains。
3.合成词构词法(名词+名词,名词+形容词,副词+名词,副词+动词)
构成名词
1、名词+名词:一般来讲,构成的词还是名词。如:website,homework,basketball。
2、名词+动词: snowfall 下雪
3、名词+动词-ing : horse-riding骑马
4、名词+介词+名词: daughter-in-law儿媳
5、动词-ing+名词: waiting-room候车室
6、形容词+名词: greenhouse温室
7、副词+名词: income收入
8、介词+名词: afternoon下午
9、过去分词+副词: grown-up成年人
构成动词
10、名词+动词: water-cool用水冷却
11、形容词+动词: quick-charge快速充电
12、副词+动词: outact行动上胜过
构成形容词
13、名词+形容词: world-famous世界文明的
14、名词+动词-ing : peace-loving热爱和平的
15、名词+过去分词: heart-broken伤心的
16、动词+副词: takeaway外卖的
17、形容词+名词: long-distance长途的
18、形容词+形容词: dark-blue深蓝色的
19、形容词+过去分词: new-born新出生的
20、副词+形容词: color-blind色盲的
21、副词+动词-ing : hard-working勤劳的
22、副词+过去分词: well-known著名的
23、数词+名词: first-class头等的
24、数词+名词+形容词: ten-year-old十岁大的
25、数词+名词+ed : three-cornered三角的
26、介词+名词: indoor 室内的
其他构词
27、副词+名词:构成形容词adj.或者副词adv.。如:upstairs,downstairs,这些既可做形容词也可作副词。
28、副词+动词:一般用来构成动词。如:download。
29、名词+形容词:构成形容词。如world-famous,homesick。

4.前后缀构词法(re-, in(m)-, un-, dis-, anti-, -able, -ful, -less)
1.-able 以“-able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况:
(1)v.+able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能……的”、“可以(被)……的”、“适 合于……的”、“值得……的”等,即有被动含义。例如:reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable(可以饮用的 ),eatable(可食用的)。
(2)n.+able→adj. 这种形容词意为“具有……特点的”,如valuable(有价值的),reasonable( 有道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。
2.-ible 该词缀在意义上与“-able”相同,但主要用于拉丁语后。例如:terrible,horrible,invi sible,possible。
3.-al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过,有些“-al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 ,并非以这种方式构成形容词。“-al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。这类词在中学英语中颇多 ,如actual,general,international,medical,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。( 这类形容词大部分没有比较级和最高级)
4.-an “-an”加在国名、地名之后,表明是相应的形容词,如American,African。
5.-ian “-ian”与“-an”相同。例如:Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。
6.-ant “-ant”表示“……性的”。带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后 缀。例如:instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),consta nt(constancy),pleasant。
7.-ent “-ent”与“-ant”非常相似。例如:absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence).
8.-ar “-ar”意为“……的”、“……性的”,如popular,particular,regular。
9.-ary “-ary”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”。例如:contrary,necessary,ordinary,prim ary,revolutionary。
10.-ed “-ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而来的,因 此它有被动含义。这种形容词在中学英语中出现很多,有connected,discouraged,disappointed,engaged,exc ited,interested,limited,married,pleased,tired,united,used(习惯的),worried,wounded。
“-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made,water-covered。
“-ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。
11.-en “-en”有两种情况:
(1)“-en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词,表示“材料”或“质地”,如wooden,golden,earthe n。
(2)“-en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词转换而来的。 例如:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。
12.-ern “-ern”加在表示方位的名词之后,表示“……(方位)的”。这样的词有eastern,sout hern,western,northern等。
13.-ese “-ese”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如:Chinese,Japanese.
14.-ful 这一后缀有两种情况:
(1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”,如beautiful,colourful,he lpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。
(2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于……的”,如forgetful。
15.-ic “-ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后,构成形容词,意为“……的”、“……似的”、“ 与……有关的”等。例如:Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。
16.-ical “-ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词,意为“……的”、“……似的 ”、“与……有关的”,如physical,political,practical,technical等。
注:(1)有些形容词的词尾可能是“-ic”和“-ical”并存,且可以互相替代,但这不是说两者就没 有任何区别。一般来说,词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切,而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊,一般作 “与……有关的”解。请比较:an electric light(电灯),electrical engineering(电气工程);histo ric意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史的”。(2)以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词 则往往是pacifically,scientifically。
17.-ing 词尾“-ing”也可构成形容词,但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了,因此,此类 形容词表示主动。例如:dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。
另外,“-ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词,如good-looking,ordinary-l
18.-ish “-ish”意义较多,在中学英语中,其主要意义是“……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的”,如English,British,foolish,feverish。
19.-ist “-ist”表示“……主义的”、“信仰……的”。该后缀加在名词之后,如communist,im perialist,Marxist,socialist。
20.-ive “-ive”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”等。例如:native,a ctive,passive,attentive,expensive。
21.-less “-less”加在名词、动词后,表示“无”、“缺”,如fearless,harmless,useless,he lpless,careless。
22.-ly “-ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二:
(1)“像……的”、“有……性质的”,如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。
(2)“以……为周期的”、“每……的”,如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。
注:如是形容词之后加“-ly”,则构成副词。上述(2)中的形容词亦可用作副词。
23.-(i)ous 该形容词后缀意为“充满……的”、“具有……特征的”,加在名词、动词和形容词 之后。例如:curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。
24.-some “-some”加在名词、动词之后,表示“使人……的”、“易于……的”,如handsome,t roublesome,tiresome。
25.-ward 它加在名词之后,表示方向,作“向……(方向)的”、“来自……(方向)的”解。例 如:eastward,southward,westward,northward,forward,backward,inward,outward,upward,downward。
注:这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“-wards”时,派生词必然是副词。
26.-y “-y”加在名词之后,表示“具有……特征的”、“多……的”。例如:funny,lucky,shab by,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,sty。
以上是中学英语中出现的主要形容词词缀。还需说明的一点是,大部分形容词是从完整的单词上加后缀派 生来的,而有些则是在拉丁词或希腊词的词根上派生来的5.定语从句(that,which,who,whose引导的定语从句,引导词的省略)
6.冠词与数字
定冠词和不定冠词和不用冠词
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1不定冠词有a和an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant
(2用来表示“—”的意思,但不强调数的观念,只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如:A teacher is looking for you.We work five days a week.
(3)不定冠词含有“—”的意思,但数量观念没有one强烈,在句子里边一般可以不必译出,但若有“一个”的意思则译出,例如:
—— An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。
—— How much is it ? 多少钱?
——Two yuan a kilo. 二元一公斤。
(4)一般用在可数名词单数前,指人或事物的某一种类。例如:Bill is a student.
Pass me an apple, please.
例外:I have never seen such a fine film.
(5)用在某些固定词组中。例如:a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little

2. 定冠词的用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 例如:The book on the desk is mine.
Show me the photo of the boy, please.
(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。 例如:Open the door, please. 请开门。
Did you see the boy? 你看见那个男孩了吗?
What’s the new teacher’s name? 新老师的名字叫什么?
(3)指上文提到的人或事物。例如:He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
他住在农场,这农场不大。
There are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely.
这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。
(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。
但这些名词作为描绘性定语时,可用不定冠词。例如:Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧!一轮红日正在升起。
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。
(6)用在用普通名词构成的党派,国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如:They will visit the Great Wall next week.
They came to the United States of America last year.
The Communist Party of China was founded on July 1st, 1921.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
(7)用在形容词前表示一类人,the +形容词指的是一群人,是一种复数含义,所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如:The old are sick.
(8)用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如:The Smiths have moved to London.
(9)用在某些习惯用语中。例如: in the morning, on the left, the day before yesterday, all the same
三、不用冠词的情况
(1)星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。例如:
All of us like the spring festival. 我们喜欢春节。
It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。
He was born on June 12, 1999. 他出生于1999年6月12日。
Today is Father’s Day. 今天是父亲节。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词ring, through时与表示一段特定的时间,则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:She came to Shanghai in the spring of 1987.她是一九八七年春天来上海的。
The school was completed in the September of 2000.这学校是2000年9月落成的。
He swims every day ring the summer. 他夏天的每一天都游泳。
虽不特指某一年的季节,但说话人把某季节看作一年的一部分,即一年的某一段时间。则在季节前要加定冠词。例如:We play football in the winter.
(2)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Mr. Li is our headmaster. 李先生是我们的校长。
After lunch Aunt Huang came in. 午饭后黄阿姨来了。
(3)各词复数表示一类人或事物时。但若各词复数被一个限制性定语修饰,则要加定冠词the. 例如:I like cakes very much. 我非常喜欢蛋糕。
My father and mother are the doctors in People’s Hospital of Shanghai.
(4)在三餐饭,球类运动与棋类游戏,学科名称的名词前。但若表示某一种或某一个特定的概念时用冠词。例如:He had supper with us yesterday. It’s a very good supper. 他昨天和我们吃晚饭,这是一顿丰盛的晚餐。
My brother likes to play football. 我兄弟喜欢踢足球。
Let’s go and watch them play chess. 让我们去看他们下棋。
(5)在物质名词,抽象名词,人名,地名等专有名词和不可数名词前. 但若不可数各词有其它限制词修饰时,则要加定冠词the. 例如: Smith is our teacher. 史密思是我们的老师。
Milk is good for us. 牛奶对我们有好处。
The water in the pool is very dirty. 坑里的水很脏。
(6)名词前已有作定语的this、that、my、your、some、any、等限定词时。例如: Come this way, please.
I’ve some question to ask you.
My brother is a student.

7.主谓一致
重点是定语从句,被动语态

『叁』 初三英语短语and语法归纳

and是英语中使用频率极高的连词,用来连接词、短语和句子。 笔者根据九年制义务教育初中英语新教材,试就and的用法进行归纳, 以利于读者理解与掌握。

一、and连接两个数词或连接百位和十位之间的数词, 前者可译为“加”,后者则不译。如:

What's one and two?一加二是多少?

There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year.一年有365天。

二、and用于固定词组或结构中 如:

Both John and Ann have got pen friends.约翰和安都有笔友。

The museum is between the post office and the hospital. 博物馆位于邮局和医院之间。

I love autumn because it's nice and cool.我喜爱秋天, 因为它很凉爽。

三、表示条件和结果 在祈使句后,常用and连接一个简单句, 表示条件与结果的关系,它们在语法上是并列关系,但在意义上却是主从关系,也可译为“如果……就……”。如:

Work hard and you will live happily.=If you work hard,you will live happily.如果你努力工作,你就会活得愉快。

Come early and you will see him.=If you come early, you will see him.如果你早来的话,你就会见到他。

四、表示承接关系 and用在句首,起承上启下的作用, 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等,也可不译。如:

And what's this?那么这是什么呢?

And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。

五、表示动词的先后关系 and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组,后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点

。此时and相当于then, 可译为“然后”。如:

Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot.于是他从电梯里走出来,然后步行爬上第15层楼。

Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿这条街走,然后在第三个路口向右拐。[小精灵儿童网站]

六、表示动作上的伴随关系 and连接两个动词, 动作同时发生,前一个动词表示姿势或状态, 后一个动词表示伴随动作, and 相当于while,可译为“边……边……”。如:

They talked and laughed happily.他们愉快地边谈边笑。

The baby watched and listened.这个婴儿边看边听。

七、表示因果关系 and连接两个动词或两个分句, 带有因果关系,此时and相当于so,可译为“便”、“于是”、“因而”、 “结果”等。如:

She couldn't find her mother and began to cry.她找不到妈妈,于是哭了起来。

It's a fine day today, and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气,因而人人都很忙。

八、表示意义上的增补 and连接两个分句, 第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明,可译为“又”、“同时”等。如:

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you have to eat less food—and you also have to take more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康,你就得少吃食物——同时,你还得多进行运动。

Don't be late—Oh, and put on your old clothes.别迟到——噢,还要穿上你的旧衣服。

九、表示递进与转折 and表示转折时,相当于but,但语气较弱,可译为“而且”、“可是”、“不过” 或不译。如:

I mean you eat too much, and you don't take enough exercise.我的意思是你吃的太多,而且运动得不够。

They call me Lily sometimes, and I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake.他们有时叫我莉莉,但我并不总是告诉他们说他们弄错了。

十、表示强调,加强语气 用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复;用and连接两个相同的副词,表示动作的延续;用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级表示程度的逐步加深。如:

The baby laughed and laughed.这个婴儿笑呀,笑个不停。

They talked on and on very happily.他们很高兴地谈了又谈。
She looked at me and cried harder and harder.她看着我, 哭得越来越厉害。

十一、and有时连接两个反义词 and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语,这两个词的次序不得颠倒。如:

He uses a lift to go up and down.他乘电梯上楼下楼。

When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago. many people, rich and poor, gave him presents.差不多两千年前, 耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物。

十二、表示并列或对称的关系 and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,可译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。如:

Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主语)

You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)

They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。(连接两个简单句)

如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把and放在最后一个词语前面; 为了强调,可在两者之间分别加上and;把词语连接起来时, 通常把较短的词语放在前面。如:

I like eggs,meat,rice,bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。

All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.那天整个下午我又唱又跳,做各种各样的事情。

The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。

有些用and连接的词语,次序是固定的,不能随意改变。如:

men,women and children男人、妇女和儿童;fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等。

十三、表示目的 在口语中,and常用在go,come,try等动词后连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出。如:

Go and see!去看看!

Come and meet the family.来见见这家人。

『肆』 初三上册英语语法和重点短语归纳!!

Section A:
1.by working with friends
通过和朋友一起学习

2.make flashcards
制作抽认卡
make vocabulary lists
制作词汇表
make mistakes
犯错误
make up(a conversation)
编造,组成(会话)

3. ask the teacher for help
向老师寻求帮助
ask sb. about sth.
询问某人关于某事
ask sb. to do sth
请求某人做某事

4. listen to tapes
听录音

5. work/study with a group
和小组成员一起学习

6 learn a lot (in) that way
以那种方式学到很多

7. improve ones speaking skill
提高某人的口语技能

8. too…to…
太„„而不能

9. read aloud
朗读

10. practice conversations with friends
和朋友一起练习会话
practice speaking English 练习说英语

11. Wei Ming feels differently.
卫明有不同的感受

12. watch sb. do sth.
看见某人做某事(全过程动作已结束)
watch sb. doing sth
看见某人正在做某事(片断,正在进行)
.
13. join an English club
加入英语俱乐部

14. not… at all = not … in the slightest
一点也不,根本不

15. end up doing sth. =finish doing
终止做某事
end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话

16. get excited about…
对„„变得兴奋起来

17. do a survey about…
做有关„„的调查

Section B:
18. spoken English
英语口语
written English
书面英语
19. make mistakes 犯错
mistake…for…
把„„误当做„„
by mistake
错误地
20. get the pronunciation right
使发音正确
21. have a partner to practice English with
找一个练习英语的搭档
22. get/do much writing practice
多做写作训练
23. first of all
首先
24. begin with
以„„开始
end up with sth.
以„„结束
25. later on
以后,随后
26. It doesnt matter
没关系
27. be afraid to do sth.
害怕做某事
be afraid of sth.
害怕某事
28. in class
在课堂上
29. laugh at sb.
嘲笑某人
30. make complete sentences
造完整的句子
31. help a little/a lot 有一点/很大帮助
32. My teacher is very impressed.
给老师留下了深刻的印象

『伍』 初三英语语法要点有哪些请详细点,谢谢!

展开全部
第1章
名词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
可数名词的单数如何考查?
考点2
可数名词复数要注意哪些用法?
考点3
运用不可数名词要注意什么?
考点4
名词前如何加数量词?
考点5
名词所有格有哪些特别用法?
考点6
名词充当不同的句子成分时要注意什么?
考点7
易混名词辨析
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第2章
代词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何判断人称代词的“格”与“性别”?
考点2
多个人称代词并列使用时,如何排列顺序?
考点3
代词it有哪些特殊用法?
考点4
如何区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词?
考点5
反身代词有哪些固定词组?
考点6
指示代词有哪些特殊用法?
考点7
such和the
same如何用作指示代词?
考点8
如何区分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考点9
区分几组不定代词
考点10
怎样运用复合不定代词?
考点11
如何运用关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第3章
数词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
记忆基数词有什么规律?
考点2
记忆序数词有什么规律?
考点3
如何运用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考点4
如何用英语表示分数?
考点6
序数词前什么时候不用the修饰?
考点7
如何表达时刻和日期?
考点8
“扎十岁”和“年代”怎么表达?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第4章
冠词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
a,an如何区分?
考点2
不定冠词a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考点3
如何区别a/an和one?
考点4
初中阶段有哪些含有a/an的固定词组?
考点5
定冠词the有哪些特殊用法?
考点6
初中阶段有哪些含有the的固定短语?
考点7
什么时候不用冠词?
考点8
初中阶段有哪些不加冠词的固定短语?
考点9
某些词组,用不用冠词,意思不同
考点10
冠词在句中处于什么位置?
考点11
如何用冠词表示类别?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第5章
介词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何用at,in,on表示时间?
考点2
如何使用till/until和by表示间?
考点3
since和for有什么区别?
考点4
表示一段时间的介词有哪些?
考点5
地点介词有什么用法?
考点6
表示范围的介词in,Oil,to如巾区别使用?
考点7
表示方式的介词有哪些?怎么使用?
考点8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什么区别?
考点9
初中阶段有哪些介词短语?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第6章
形容词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
形容词可作主语或宾语吗?
考点2
哪些形容词只能用作表语?哪些只能作定语?
考点3
在哪些情况下形容词作后置定语?
……
第7章
副词
第8章
连词
第9章
动词分类
第10章
情态动词及虚拟语气
第11章
动词时态及语态
第12章
非谓语动词
第13章
简单句
第14章
并列句和复合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引语
第16章
主谓一致
参考答案
后记
“不考语法的时代”如何学语法

『陆』 初三英语的重点短语,及语法…

Unit 2一、知识点1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth. There used to be ….(反意疑问句)didn’t there?否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词 put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneselfhave on表示状态(不用于进行时态)3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.(考点) Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.5. 反意疑问句: ① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I 例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到. 例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus. The boy shot at the goal, but missed.8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数; no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光. I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.14. in the last/past + 一段时间 ring the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)16. play the piano弹钢琴17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest 如:He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人 ⑥ interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物 ⑦ an interesting book / man 18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如:I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如:I am terrified of speaking.19. on 副词,表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开,其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校21.spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间” ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间) ②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事如:He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 pay for 花费如:I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。 take动词 有“花费”的意思常用的结构有:It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read the book.22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊如:I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词如:Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。24. all the time 一直、始终25. take sb. to + 地方送/带某人去某个地方如:A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的;猛烈地 hardly ever 很少 hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前助动词/情态动词+hardly hardly + 实义动词如:I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如: I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。28. be different from 与…不同29. how to swim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定工短语。如: The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh31. move to +地方搬到某地如:I moved to Beijing last year.32.It seems that +从句看起来好像……如:It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。她帮助我学习英语。34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄15岁如:a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如:I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car. I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。36. as + 形容词./副词+as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力如: Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦38. in the end 最后39. make a decision 下决定下决心40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶如:to their surprise令他们惊讶to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪如: His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心如:You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如:She is able to do it. 她能够做到。44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如:My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。 复合句与简单句的转化:① when ------ at the age of …② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …③ so that…------ in order to do sth.④ because…----- because of…⑤ if ….----- without / with…⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式⑧ be afraid be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式 be sorry⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.二、 短语1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as well as 不仅…而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made up of 由…组成/构成.17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于19. play the piano 弹钢琴 三、句子1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大. ——————————————————————这个吗?太多了。我用邮件发给你。接收以后再表示回应。

『柒』 初三英文语法(要最详细的~)

初三语法讲义
一.动词(一)名词
名词分类:可数名词,不可数名词可数名词变复数
1. 在名词词尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词,加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o结尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,去掉y,加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe结尾的,去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改变形式的复数
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.单数复数形式一样
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊词汇的复数
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可数名词没有数的概念
名词所有格
1.一般情况’s
2.表示时间、距离、城市、国家
today’s paper at arms’ length a mile’s journey
Beijing’s weather China’s economy
3.of表示所有格 4.双重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
(二)代词
人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格
第一人称
I me we us
第二人称
you you you you
第三人称
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代词
单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称
形容词性物主代词
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名词性物主代词
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代词each other/one another
不定代词another/other/others
(三)数词
基数词
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正确数词+hundred 正确
Hundred of 错误数词+hundreds 错误数词+hundreds of 错误
序数词First second third fourth….
分数1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
(四)冠词不定冠词
例句用于可数名词单数形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示“一”的数量,但没有one强烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用于固定词组中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠词
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
双方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提过的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
独一无二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序数词和形容词最高级前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名词构成的专有名词前
The Great Wall
习惯用语
In the morning

On the left

零冠词

用法

例句

专有名词和不可数名词前

China

名词已经有定语this, that, my, your, some, any等

That letter is in her bag.

复数名词表示一类人或物

My father and mother are teachers.

星期、月份、季节、节日前

It is Sunday today.

称呼前

What colour are Mrs. Green’s shoes?

三餐和球类运动前

He went to school before breakfast this morning.

(五)介词

多数考察为固定搭配,需要死记硬背

(六)形容词与副词

规则变化

构成方法

原级

比较级

最高级

单音节和少数双音 节词

一般在词尾加-er/est

Cold

Strong

Fast

slow

Colder

Stronger

Faster

slower

Coldest

Strongest

Fastest

slowest

以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾加-r/-st

Nice

large

Nicer

larger

Nicest

largest

重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时双写辅音字母,加-er/-est

Big

Thin

hot

Bigger

Thinner

hotter

Biggest

Thinnest

hottest

以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词改y为i加-er/est

Easy

happy

Easier

happier

Easiest

happiest

部分双音节词

在词前面加more/most

Delicious

Interesting

Easily

Carefully

More Delicious

More Interesting

More Easily

More Carefully

Most Delicious

Most Interesting

Most Easily

Most Carefully

不规则变化

原级

比较级

最高级

Good/well

Bad/badly/ill

Many/much

Little

far

Better

Worse

more

Less

Father

further

Best

Worst

Most

Least

Farthest

furthest

形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法



用法

例句

比较级

表示两者的比较

Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.

最高级

表示三者或者三者以上的比较

Whose drawing is the best of all?

She is the youngest in the class.

同级比较

I think science is as important as maths.

It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.

二.动词

(一) 时态

1.一般现在时

三单变形

情况

变化规则

例词

一般情况

加-s

come, comes; learn, learns

以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的词

加-es

pass, passes; do, does

以辅音加y结尾的词

变y为i加-es

fly, flies; cry, cries

2.现在进行时

现在分词构成方法

情况及变化

例词

一般情况,在动词原形后加-ing

go, going; see, seeing

以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e加-ing

take, taking; live, living

以重读闭音节结尾的词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,先把词尾的辅音字母双写,再加-ing

plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting

以ie结尾的词变ie为y加-ing

die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying

以ye和oe结尾的词,直接加-ing

eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing

3.一般将来时

shall

will

be going to

4一般过去时

规则动词过去构成

构成规则

原形

过去式

一般动词在尾加-ed

look

play

start

looked

played

stared

结尾是e的动词加-d

live

hope

use

lived

hoped

used

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写辅音字母,加-ed

stop

plan

trip

stopped

planned

tripped

结尾是辅音字母+y的动词,变y为i加-ed

study

carry

worry

studied

carried

worried

词尾 –ed的读音

读音

例词

浊辅音和元音后

/d/

called borrowed

moved enjoyed

welcomed answered

清辅音后

/t/

finished helped

passed cooked

在t, d后面

/id/

wanted shouted

needed counted

5.过去进行时

was/were+现在分词

6.现在完成时

have/has+过去分词

用法一:表示从过去发生一直到现在,特点:用延续动词,加段时间状语

用法二:表示过去发生的事情而不用一般过去时,特点:不用延续动词,不加段时间状语

构成

7.过去完成时

时间轴:

--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à

A B C

过去的过去 过去 现在

(过去完成时态)

用法一:表示从过去发生一直到过去一时间,特点:用延续动词,加段时间状语

用法二:表示过去的过去发生的事情

8.过去将来时

不是考试的重点

(二) 被动语态

使用情况:不知道谁是主语

不强调主语

用来表示客观的表达

构成:助动词be+过去分词

有些动词主动语态中省略了不定式在变为被动语态时要讲TO补充出来(非谓语动词重点讲解)

(三) 情态动词

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)

dare/need

dare

肯定

否定

情态动词

dare do

dare not do

实意动词

dare/dares to do

do/does not dare to do

need

肯定

否定

情态动词

need do

need not do

实意动词

need / need s to do

do/does not need to do

may/can

may表示许可

can 表示自身能力

can/be able to区别

a) Can只有现在和过去两个时态,be able to可以是任何时态

b) Can 不强调结果一定成功,be able to暗示结果一定成功

must表示必须,否定用needn’t

mustn’t表示禁止

(四) 非谓语动词

1. 不定式to do

否定不定式为not to do

可以省略不定式to的词

let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to

注意:在以上词出现在被动句中时要将to补充出来

2. 现在分词与过去分词

flying bird可以表达成the bird is flying.

broken arm可以表达成 the arm is broken

现在分词强调过程,过去分词强调结果

falling leaf/fallen leaf

boiling water/boiled water

3.动词后加动词的不同形式

(1)、加to doing

devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing

(2)、加to do

afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish

(3)、加doing

admit/appreciate/avoid/can’t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up

(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有区别的

forget/remember/stop

(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有区别的

see/notice/hear

三.简单句

(一) 反意疑问句

反意疑问句

反意疑问句用来表示提问者有一定的主见,但是没有把握,希望对方来证实。

The weather here is very cold, isn’t it? Yes, it is.

You’re from Australia, aren’t you? yes, I am.

对反意疑问句回答,不管问题的提法如何,事实是肯定的就用肯定回答,否定的就要用否定的回答。

He isn’t going to the meeting, is he?

Yes, he is. 不,他要去的

No, he isn’t. 对,他不去

反意疑问句通常由一个陈述句和一个疑问句组成。当陈述句为肯定时,疑问句为否定;当陈述句为否定时,疑问句为肯定。但是以下几个要注意:

1. 陈述部分主语 I, 疑问部分要用aren’t I

I am as tall as your sister, aren’t I ?

2. 陈述部分谓语是wish, 疑问部分要用may+主语

I wish to have a word with you, may I ?

3. 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定。

The Swede made no answer, did he?

4.有ought to的,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t+主语

He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he?

5. 陈述部分有have to疑问部分用don’t+主语

we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?

6.陈述部分谓语是used to,疑问部分用didn’t+主语或者didn’t+主语

He used to take pictures there, didn’t he?

7.陈述部分有had better疑问句用hadn’t you?

You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?

8.陈述部分有would rather疑问句用wouldn’t +主语

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?

9.陈述部分有.陈述部分有you’d like to疑问部分用wouldn’t+主语

You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?

10.感叹句中,疑问部分用谓语+主语

What colours, aren’t they?

what a smell, isn’t it?

11陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑问部分根据实际逻辑意义而定

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

12. 陈述部分主语是指示代词或者不定代词everything, that, nothing, this疑问部分主语it

Everything is ready, isn’t it?

13.陈述部分为主语从句,疑问部分要根据情况而定

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

I don’t think he is bright, is he?

14陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑问部分常用复数they

Everyone knows the answer, don’t they?

15.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you

don’t do that again, will you?

16.陈述部分是there be结构,疑问部分用there省略主语代词

There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t here?

17.否定前缀不能视为否定词

it is impossible, isn’t it?

18.Must表示推测时,根据其推测情况来确定

He must be there now, isn’t he?

(二)感叹句

How cold it is today!

What a good idea!

(三)祈使句

肯定类型

Be careful!

Come in, please.

Let me have a look.

否定类型

Don’t be lazy.

Don’t throw the ball like that.

Let him not go there./ Don’t let her go there

四.复合句

(一) 定语从句

We all like Old Fish that is handsome.

先行词 关系词

关系代词: which, who, whom, whose, that

关系副词:when, why, where

1.先行词指人,用who/whom

(1)who可以做主语、宾语、或者表语,但who之前不能有介词

(2)whom只能做宾语或者表语,但在all of/many of加先行词时后只能加whom

注意:who.whom做宾语可以省略

2.先行词为物,用which

(1)which可以代单词

(2)which可以代短语

(3)which可以代句子

3.that与which区别

(1)只能用that情况

先行词有人有物

先行词为 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc

先行词为不定代词

先行词前修饰词为 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last

(2)只能用which情况

非限定性定语从句

关系词前有介词

4.whose表示所属关系

(1)whose后加名词

(2)可以代人可以代物

(3)先行词加whose加名词=先行词加名词 of which结构

介词+关系代词=关系副词

关系代词后加不完整句

关系副词/介词+关系代词后加完整句

主系表: 主系表都有, 完整句

主系表缺一个,不完整句

主谓宾:谓语动词为及物动词:主谓宾都有,完整句

主谓宾缺一个,不完整句

谓语动词为不及物动词: 主+动词+介词+宾语,完整句

主+动词,完整句

主+动词+介词,不完整句

(二) 状语从句

时间状语从句:when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….

地点状语从句: where, wherever

条件状语从句:if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….

原因状语从句:because, since, as, now that

结果状语从句:so, so that, so…that, such…that

让步状语从句:though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever

目的状语从句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest

比较状语从句:than, as…as, so…as

五.主谓一致

就近原则

or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also

就前原则

as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except

集体名词的主谓一致

people, cattle, youth, police+复数谓语

machinery, equipment, furniture+单数谓语

audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可单可复

时间、地点等数量概念的主谓一致

谓语用单数

Ten miles is a long way to go.

a of b结构中的主谓一致

按照A来确定谓语

a pair of trousers is enough.

Two pair of trousers are enough.

以S结尾的主谓一直问题:地理名词、群岛山脉等风景、学科名词

国家加单数谓语: the United States

地理名词,群岛山脉等风景加复数谓语: the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England

学科名词加单数谓语: politics, economics

六.习惯用语

七.固定搭配

八.介词搭配

(一) 介词+名词

against one’s will

at a loss

at one time

at home

at the same time

at work

at night

beside the point

by chance

by the way

by the end of

by all means

for the time being

for the sake of

from beginning to end

from time to time

in the end

in surprise

in trouble

in the street

in English

in a word

in the meantime

in vain

in need

in half

in no time

in a low voice

in the least

in public

in life

in a minute

in the eyes of

in time

in sight of

in place of

in detail

in a hurry

in any case

in case

in charge of

in bed

in addition to

in the course of

in particular

in time of

in return

in spite of

in reply to

in memory of

in honour of

in fear of

influence on

off hand

on guard against

on the ground

on the radio

on the way

on the right

on purpose

on strike

on account of

on sale

on the air

on time

out of work

out of order

on behalf of

on watch

on the whole

on show

on day

out of sight

out of repair

out of place

out of practice

out of date

out of breath

over the radio

to this day

thousands of

on the one hand, on the other hand
(二)形容词+介词

absent from

aware of

apart from

according to

anxious for

angry at

afraid of

busy with

careful of

cruel to

e to

different from

equal to

be familiar to sb

be familiar with sth

be famous for

far from

fond of

full of

fussy about

grateful for

good at

hard on

interested in

instead of

kind to

keen on

late for

opposite to

once for all

polite to

proude of

ready for

responsible for

short of

sorry for

strict with

thankful to

wrong with

(三)动词+介词

act on

answer for

agree to

agree with

agree on

arrive at

aim at

ask after

ask for

borrow from

believe in

belong to

break into

beat down on

begin at

base on

consist of

congratulate on

come to an end

compare with

compare to

care for

change for

change from to

clear up

catch up with

come across

come into

call up

call for

catch hold of

call on

depend on

do away with

disagree with

die of

die from

die for

devote to

engaged in

end with

fit in with

fail in

find out

give up

get over

get on

get on

get in touch with

get ready for

get in

go in for

grow up

give in

give lessons to

get up

go on

go all out

go through

go over

go down

go on with

go without

hand in

have nothing to do with

have something to do with

have a look at

head for

help with

have a word with

have words with

hope for

introce to

be inspired by

insist on

interfere with

join in

keep on

knock at

keep up with

long for

look up to

look up

learn by heart

leave for

look for

lie in

live on

laugh at

look down upon

look forward to

look through

meet with

make up one’s mind

make friends with

make room for

owe to

operate on

pay attention to

play with

put up

put off

point out

put up with

prevent from

persist in

put into practice

run out of

reply to

recover from

rely on

rob of

run over

result from

result in

set an example to

set about

set out

succeed in

speak of

supply with

share in

share with

settle in

see through

send for

stand by

stand for

stop from

spend on

show around

talk about

tide over

turn against

turn into

turn to

think of

think about

take care of

take off

turn out

turn round

turn up

take part in

to begin with

wait for

watch out for

write to

wake up

watch over
(四)过去分词+介词

be absorbed in

be burdened with

be connected with

be covered with

be crowded with

be dressed in

be engaged to

be equipped with

be experienced in

be filed with

be furnished with

be interested in

be joined to

be known as

be known for

be made into

be made up of

be married to

be pleased with

be prepared for

be regarded as

be satisfied with

be ashamed of

be tired of

be terrified at

(五)动词+名词+介词

apply ones’ mind to

catch sight of

do harm to

do wrong to

feel pity for

fix one’s eyes on

form the habit of

get a good hold of

give advice on

have none of

have trust in

have difficulty in

have trouble in

have effect on

have mercy on

have the honour of

keep a record of

make fun of

make best use of

make an apology

make one’s way to

make preparations for

make a mistake about

pass a judgment on

set fire to

put one’s heart and soul into

shake hands with

take aim at

take the side of

throw light on

take pride in

take delight in

take a message for

(六)动词+副词+介词

add up to

break away from

be up to

cut down on

come up to

do well in

drop in on

face up to

fit in with

fall back on

get though with

get down to

get along with

go out of

go on with

go back on

go out of

go in for

grow out of

go ahead with

keep away from

keep up with

live up to

make up for

make up with

make out of

think highly of

watch out for

work hard at

(七)动词+介词+名词

arrive at a conclusion

burst into pieces

burst into tears

burst into laughter

come to the rescue

come into use

come into power

come into effect

come into light

come to a conclusion

get in a word

set to work take on a new look

『捌』 初三英语语法学习重难点

初三英语总复习语法系列训练
英语的时态 (
2)
六,现在完成时

1.现在完成时的构成:助动词 现在完成时的构成:助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 用于第三人称单数, 用于其他所有人称. 注:has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他所有人称.
2.现在完成时的用法: 现在完成时的用法: (
1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成 ) 的影响或结果.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already, 的影响或结果.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 , before, yet, never, ever等状语连用.例如: 等状语连用. 等状语连用 例如: ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤ I've just lost my science book。

有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句. 有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句.
(
2)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在 也许还会持续下 )现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下 去的动作或状态.可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在( 去的动作或状态.可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现 在在内) 的一段时间的状语连用. 如 : for和 since, 以及 so far, 在在内 ) 的一段时间的状语连用 . 和 , now, today, this week(month, year) 等. ① I haven't seen her these days. ② She has learnt English for 3 years. ③ They have lived here since 19
90. ④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词, 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完 等的完 成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用. 等表示一段时间的短语连用. 成时不能与 等表示一段时间的短语连用
(
3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中, 完成的动作,例如: 完成的动作,例如: I'll go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we'll go to the park. (
4) have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别: (to)和 (to)的区别 的区别: 表示"曾经去过"某地, ★have / has been (to) 表示"曾经去过"某地,说话时此人很可能 不在那里,已经回来.侧重指经历. 不在那里,已经回来.侧重指经历. 表示某人"已经去了"某地, ★have / has gone (to) 表示某人"已经去了"某地,说话时此人在 那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里. 那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里.
试比较: 试比较:
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京. 他曾去过北京. (人已回来,可能在这儿) 人已回来,可能在这儿) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京. 他已经去了北京. (人已走,不在这儿). 人已走,不在这儿)
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较

1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强 ) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响, 调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响. 强调的是影响.
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊 ) 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 的时间状语连用,或无时间状语. 的时间状语连用,或无时间状语. 一般过去时的时间状语有: ◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, , in October, just now, 具体的时间状语. 具体的时间状语. 共同的时间状语有: ◎ 共同的时间状语有:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, , before, already, recently,lately等. , 等 现在完成时的时间状语有: ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语. 等不确定的时间状语.
请大家认真分析比较下列各例句: 请大家认真分析比较下列各例句:
I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了. (强调看的动作发生过了.) I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了. (她已从巴黎回来了.) She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了. (她是昨天回来了.) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续 在团内的状态可延续) 在团内的状态可延续 He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为.) 三年前入团, 为短暂行为. 为短暂行为 注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词( 注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 19
60)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.例如: 不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.例如: ) (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别: 用于完成时的区别: 延续动词表示经验,经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果, 延续动词表示经验, 经历 ; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果, 不能 与表示段的时间状语连用. 与表示段的时间状语连用. He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作. 表结果 表结果) 他已完成了那项工作. (表结果 I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了. 表经历 表经历) 我从那时起就认识他了.(表经历
2) 用于till / until 从句的差异: 用于till 从句的差异: 延续动词用于肯定句,表示" 直到……" ;瞬间动词 延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到 直到 " 用于否定句,表示" 用于否定句,表示"到……,才……". , " He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来. 他到 点才回来. He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点 他一直睡到 点.
典型例题: 典型例题:

1. You don't need to describe her. I her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B 答案B ;首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样, 用描述.再次, 告知为反复发生的动作, 用描述.再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在 告知为反复发生的动作 完成时. 完成时.
2. I'm sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时. 答案A ; 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时.
七,过去完成时的用法
1,概念:表示过去的过去. ,概念:表示过去的过去. |||> 那时以前 那时 现在 其结构是:had + 过去分词 其结构是: 2,过去完成时的用法: ,过去完成时的用法: (
1)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动 ) 作或状态;句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语. 等词引导的时间状语. 作或状态;句中常用 等词引导的时间状语 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. (
2)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动 ) 作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去. 作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去. Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
等动词后的宾语从句. (
3)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句. ) 等动词后的宾语从句 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. (
4)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 , 发生在先 , 用过去完 ) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先, 成时;发生在后,用一般过去时. 成时;发生在后,用一般过去时. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. (
5)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, )表示意向的动词, suppose等,用过去完成时表示 原本 ,未能 原本…,未能…" 等 用过去完成时表示"原本 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. (
6)过去完成时的时间状语 )过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as. . He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
用一般过去时代替完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生 , 又不强调先后 , 或用 两个动作如按顺序发生, 又不强调先后, 或用then,and,but , , 等连词时,多用一般过去时. 等连词时,多用一般过去时. When she saw the mouse,she screamed. , My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时; 间完成,用过去完成时. 间完成,用过去完成时. When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时. 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时. Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 14
92.
时间 过去
那时所预见的情况
现在
八,一般过去将来时
一,基本概念: 基本概念:
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时, 它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即 将发生的事情就要用这一时态. 将发生的事情就要用这一时态.
1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him
2) My brother told me he wouldn't believe Jack any more.
3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness?
基本形式: 二,基本形式:
would/should+动词原形 / + (其中 would 用于各种人称, should 常用于第一人称). 用于各种人称, 常用于第一人称). 例如: 例如: They were sure they would win the final victory. . 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利. 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利. He didn't expect that we should(would)all be there. ( ) . 他没想到我们都在那里. 他没想到我们都在那里. 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和 should(would) be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和 didn't expect 相对应. 相对应.
三,过去将来时的一些其它表达形式: 过去将来时的一些其它表达形式:

1.was/were+going to+动词原形 was/were+ to+ He said he was going to try. . 他说他准备试试. 他说他准备试试.
2.was/were+to+动词原形 was/were+to+ They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day. . 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车. 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车.
3.was/were about+动词原形 was/ about+ We were about to go out when it began to rain. . 我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来. 我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来.
4.过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如 go,come, 过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词, go,come, leave,start, open, leave,start, open,begin 等)也可用于表示将来. 也可用于表示将来. I didn't know when they were coming again. . 我不知道他们什么时候再来. 我不知道他们什么时候再来.
四,用法注意点: 用法注意点:

1.在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时. .在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时. 例如: 例如: He said he would come to see you when he had time. . 他说他有时间就来看望你. 他说他有时间就来看望你.
2."would+动词原形"可表示过去习惯性的动作.此时,不管 . +动词原形"可表示过去习惯性的动作.此时, 什么人称,都可用would. 什么人称,都可用 . When he was a child he would get up early. . 他年幼时,总是很早起床. 他年幼时,总是很早起床.

『玖』 初三英语语法

呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 记得采纳O(∩_∩)O哈!

九年级英语复习---语法讲解(1-7单元)
Unit1
By是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。

否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
 一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:

二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下: 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词
例如:我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).

Unit4
虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
请比较:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。

Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √



can’t
can ★ √


1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.

The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.

The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.

He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.

This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)
3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)
4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。
1.定语从句中that与who、which的区别

 

2.定语从句中关系词的省略

 

 典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where     B. why      C. which     D. that
解析:指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.(改为同义词)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改为同义句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:读题后可知:上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”,对应下句,可知空格处应填“戴”,故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which    B.what    C.who    D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which    B.what    C./    D.who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does     B.who do     C.which does    D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that     B.where     C.which     D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what    B.which    C.why    D.that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子

a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to     b. I’d like to     c. I’d love to      d. I want to

She would like to go to New York. (对划线部分提问)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中为副词,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be

『拾』 初三英语U3所有重点语法,词组,(带翻译)

go out出去熄灭stay up熬夜 each other相互抄 instead of代替both and 两个都 keep sb happy使某人袭保持愉快 (dis)agree with(不)同意某人看法stop doing 停止做 spend time on花时间做还有不过不让输了,是中考重点词汇

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