① 人教版初二英语句型、语法、时态有什么
是"仁爱"么?
② 初二下册的人教版英语语法、句型的重点有哪些
veryone anyone someone+动词单数(is,was)
feel+adj(一定要知..)
if...(现在时),....(将来时) if...(现在时),....(现在时) {这个句型用在客观真理}
though,although后面不可加but,可与yet,still连用,though可加放在句尾,although不行
★祈使句直接引语边为间接引语
例句mary said to me:please help me .
转换为mary ask me to help her.
转换为 ... ask/tell /order/warn+sb to do sth
get used to+动词doing
主语+be+倍数(数字+times)+形容词比较级+than+..
be willing to+动词doing/名词
insist on +sthing
how about+doing
look forward to+doing
宾语从句一定要否语前置
成功劝说:persuade(劝说) to do sth
不成功劝说:try to persuade+宾语
it is+adj+to do sth
※it is+adj+of sb+不定式 [表示人物性格,品德]
it is+adj+for sb+不定时 [表示事物的特点特征]
by+doing
③ 初中英语基本语句句型和语法都有哪些
你好，同学，我是今年应届毕业生，像你这种情况跟我之前上初中是一样，也遇见过（特别是语法），深有体会；现在举出一些小例子希望能对你有所帮助：
初一：主+谓+宾+
that
引导宾语从句与表语从句
事例如下：
I
had
heard
of
some
noises
that
disturbed
many
people
（这样的句子要自己学着去翻译吧）
我听到一些噪音
这些噪音影响了很多人
初二：
状语从句
、倒装句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句.......事例如下：常用词（Link
Words:after,as,as
soon
as,before,each
time,every
time,once,since,the
first
time,the
moment,until,when,while,etc.）这些词语很常见，一定熟记
句子（参考下自己写的）：the
JUESHI,
(which
requires
abundant
energy,)
is
definitely
a
dance
for
the
young.
（这样的简单句你好好分析下就很简单了）爵士舞很收青年人青睐
初三
：虚拟语气
主语+would
/
should/
could
/
might
+
动词原形
1（自己总结）：分为1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
2
：表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时
3：表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were
to)
+
动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would
/
should/
事例：If
he
had
taken
my
advice,
he
would
have
succeeded
in
the
competition.
同学
，这些是我自己总结的一些心得（绝对没有COPY哦），不知道对你有用不，至于高考嘛，只要你掌握好现在的知识，高考对于你来说以后就是水到渠成。愿你学业有成，更上一层楼……
my
sincere
hope
，come
on
，
④ 初二英语上册前六个单元的语法点和句型
新目标英语八年级上笔记
Review of Unit 1－6
I. language goals （语言目标）
1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions.
谈论健康话题以及提出建议。
3. Talk about future plans.
谈论未来的计划/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places.
谈论到达某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
学会发出，接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people.
学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。
II. Key Phrases （重点短语）：
1. how often 多长时间一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 许多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…开始
6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一个月两次
11. be good for 对…有好处
12. once in a while 偶尔
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶
20. be stressed out 紧张
21. listen to … 听…
22. get tired 变的疲劳
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻；目前
25. watch TV 看电视
26. play basketball 打篮球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放松
30. sports camp 运动野营
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing
去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光
33. go away 离开
34. get back to school 返回学校
35. stay for a week 呆一个星期
36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租录像带
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考虑
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane
乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机
42. get to 到达
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站
45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行
46. ride a bike 骑自行车
47. bus stop 公共汽车站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 离开去…
50. school bus 学校班车
51. the early bus 早班车
52. be different from 与…不同
53. half past six 六点半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多于
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比赛
60. school team 校队
61. come over to 过来到…
62. the day after tomorrow 后天
63. be good at 擅长于…
64. two years ago 两年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起来一样
69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型：
Unit 1:
1. －What do you usually do on weekends?
－I usually go to the movies.
2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends?
－He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise?
I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables?
She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What’s the matter?
What’s wrong?
What’s the trouble?
2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat.
/I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist.
You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. －What is she doing for vacation?
－She is babysitting her little sister.
－That sounds nice / interesting.
2. －When are you going?
－I’m going on Monday.
3. －Where are they going?
－They are going to Tibet.
4. －Who is she going with?
－She is going with her parents.
5. －How long is he staying.
－He is staying for a week.
6. －How is the weather there?
－I’m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. －How do you get to school?
－I get to school by bus.
2. －How does he go to work?
－He usually walks to school.
3. －How long does it take?
－It takes about twenty minutes.
4. －How far is it from his home to school?
－It’s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
－Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
－No, she can’t. She has to help her mom.
3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday?
－When is it?
－It’s at four o’clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I’m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What’s the date today?
Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is （a little）taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose?
IV. Grammar语法：
Unit 1:
1. 表频率的词汇和短语：
always usually often never hardly ever
sometimes seldom once a day twice a month
three times a week every two weeks once in a while
2. 做事情的频率（how often you do things）:
－What do you usually do in the morning?
－I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.
I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.
3. 如何提问频率“多久一次”
－How often does he play tennis?
－He plays tennis every day.
－How often do you drink milk?
－I drink milk once a day.
－How often do they go to the movies?
－Sometimes.
Unit 2:
1. 询问别人身体状况：
What’s wrong with you?
What’s the matter with you?
What’s the trouble?
2. 提出建议（give advice and make suggestions）
－What’s wrong with you?
－I have a headache.
－You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn’t work late.
－I have a fever.
－You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn’t be stressed out.
Unit 3：
一般将来时：
1. 现在进行时“be+动词ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
－What are you doing for vacation?
－I’m visiting Tibet.
－Where are you going on May Day?
－I’m going to the beach.
－How many students are coming to out party tomorrow?
－Fifty.
2. “be going to +动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事，表示“人”打算，计划，决定要去做的事。
They are going to travel in China.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
－Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up?
－Yes, I am.
3. 用“shall＋动词原形”或“will＋动词原形”表示一般将来时。
（shall只用于第一人称）
We shall go to the beach this Sunday.
My brother will finish middle school in a year.
These birds won’t fly to the south in winter.
When will they begin the work?
Unit 4：
谈论如何到达某地，以及以何种方式到达某地。
－How do you get to the museum?
－I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.
注意区别：
（1）take the bus = go by bus
eg: I take the bus to get to school.
= I get to school by bus.
take the train = go by train
eg: He takes the train to go to school.
He gets to school by train.
take the subway = go by subway
take a taxi = go by taxi
go in a car = go by car
ride a bike = go by bike
walk = go on foot
⑤ 初二英语下册重点语法、句型归纳总结
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一．定义
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如：
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。
使用被动语态“六注意”
一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如：
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态：
The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
1.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。如：He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。
2. 谓语为不及物动词(短语)时，不用被动语态。如：The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。
3. 宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。如：
He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。4. 宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。如：
We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。
5. 宾语是处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。如：
We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
6. 谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时，一般不用被动语态。如：
The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。正：People there lack food. 误：Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看，第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式，既然第1句为正句，那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的，有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语，但却不用于被动语态，这种动词考生容易弄错，其中主要的有：have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等：
他有一台电脑。正：He has a computer.误：A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。正：He was taking a bath. 误：A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。正：My shoes don’t fit me. 误：I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如：
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：
It’s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
⑥ 及须;初二英语上册短语,句型,语法,等
Unit 1 Sports and Games
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?
一、课文知识点：
1．重点词汇及短语：
team, win, almost, join, club, dream, shame, hour, pretty, popular, healthy, weekend, cheer…on, quite a bit/a lot, grow up, in the future, arrive in/at, play against, leave for, the day after tomorrow, take part in, World Cup, pretty well, the high jump, the long jump, all over, be good for, keep fit
2．语法：be going to结构
3．重点句型及交际用语：
（1）— sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?
—I prefer rowing.
（2）—Do you row much?
—Yes, quite a bit/ a lot. No, seldom.
（3）—Are you going to join the school rowing club?
—Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
（4）—What are you going to be when you grow up?
—I'm going to be a dancer.
（5）It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long.
（6）They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
（7）What a shame!
（8）She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.
（9）There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
（10）Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
二、课文讲解：
1．I saw you play basketball almost every day ring the summer holidays.
我看见你暑假期间几乎每天都打篮球。
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事。表示某动作经常性发生，
这个句型也可以用doing 的形式表示动作正在进行
1）I see you go to school early every morning. 我看见你每天早晨上学很早。
2）I often see the boys play basketball. 我经常看见男孩子们打篮球。
3）I saw my brother reading in his bedroom just now. 刚才我看见我弟弟在房间里看书。
2．Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？
cheer sb. on为……喝彩，向……欢呼。
如果后面接名词，放在cheer on的中间和后面都可以，如果后面接的是人称代词宾格，则必须放在中间。如：
I'll cheer you on. 我将为你喝彩。
3．I hope our team will win. 我希望我们队获胜。
（1）hope to do sth. 希望做某事。如：
Betty hopes to study Chinese in Peking University. 贝蒂希望在北京大学学中文。
（2）hope+that从句，that可以省略。如：
I hope it will be fine. 我希望天气好转。
4．I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。
prefer更喜欢，相当于like…better。
此句还可以说I like rowing better.
prefer doing sth. 更喜欢，宁愿做某事。如：
We prefer listening to music. 我们更喜欢听音乐。
Do you prefer watching TV at home? 你宁愿在家看电视吗？
5．—Do you row much? —你经常划船吗？
—Yes quite a bit/ a lot. /No, seldom. —是的，经常。/不，几乎没有。
much在此处是副词，用来修饰动词row。如：
—Do you read much? 你看书多吗？
—Yes, quite a bit. 是的，相当多。
—Do you swim much? 你游泳多吗？
—No, seldom. 不，几乎不游泳。
6．Are you going to join the school rowing club?
你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗？
join通常指参加某种活动或加入某个组织成为其成员。接活动时，常与in连用，指加入组织时，join后不用介词。如：
He joined in the game. 他参加了这个游戏。
My uncle joined the Party in 1988. 我叔叔是1988年入党的。
7．What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后想干什么？
grow up 长大成人。
1）When I grow up, I want to work in Shenzhen. 长大后，我要去深圳工作。
2）I grew up in a beautiful city. 我在一个美丽的城市长大。
David Beckham, a famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday. 著名球星大卫·贝克汉姆和他的球队昨天到达了北京。
arrive in/at到达，区别是in后宾语为大地点，而at后宾语为小地点。如：
He arrived in Hong Kong yesterday. 他昨天到达了香港。
They arrived at the bus stop early this morning. 今天他们很早到达了车站。
get to到达，后接地点。
When did you get to Shanghai?
你们什么时候到达上海的？
8．The team will play against China's national team.
这个队将与中国国家队比赛。
play against…跟……比赛。如：
Would you like to play against us? 你们愿意和我们比赛吗？
9．It's too bad that they aren't going to stay in Beijing for long. 很遗憾他们不在北京待很久。
It's too bad that…很遗憾……
1）It's too bad that I can't help you. 很遗憾我不能帮你。
2）It's too bad that they aren't going to come here. 非常遗憾他们不来这里。
对于很遗憾的事，我们还可以用I'm so sorry. 或It's a pity. 来表达。如：
1）—I'm ill, so I can't take part in the party.
因为我生病了，所以我不能参加这个聚会。
—I'm so sorry. 很遗憾。
2）—He worked hard, but be didn't pass the English exam.
他努力学习，但没有通过这次英语考试。
—It's a pity. 很遗憾。
10．What a shame! 真遗憾！ 多可惜啊！
通常用于某些不随心愿的情况下。如：
1）Oh, it's raining. What a shame! 啊！下雨了。真糟糕！
2）—I can't find my cellphone. 我找不到我的手机了。
—What a shame! 真可惜！
11．He broke the Olympic record and won a gold medal in the Athens Olympic. 他在雅典奥运会上打破了奥运会纪录并获得了一枚金牌。
（1）break the record 打破纪录
（2）win a gold medal获得金牌
win v. 获胜、赢得，后常跟某种比赛，过去式为won。如：
Which team won the football game? 哪个队赢了这场足球赛？
12．They are sure that she will win. 他们肯定她能获胜。
be sure+从句，表示“肯定，有把握”。如：
I'm sure (that) the story is true. 我肯定这故事是真的。
I'm sure (that) eating too much is bad for you. 我肯定吃得太多对你不好。
13．How often does she go cycling? 她多长时间进行一次骑自行车运动？
（1）go cycling 骑自行车
go swimming 去游泳
go skating 去滑冰
go skiing 去滑雪
go fishing 去钓鱼
go climbing 去爬山
go shopping 去购物
（2）how often多长时间一次，表示频率。常用频度副词always一直，总是；usually通常；often时常，常常；sometimes有时；seldom很少；never从来没有；once a week每周一次；twice a year每年两次；
—How often do you play table tennis? 你多长时间玩一次乒乓球？
—Once a week. 每周一次。
另外 how long表示“多久，多长时间”，是时间段的概念。
—How long does she stay in the gym every day?
她每天在健身房待多长时间？
—Two hours. 两小时。
14．Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
因为它（足球）使我强壮而且它在全世界都受欢迎。
（1）make是使役动词，意思是“使，让”，后面接形容词、介词短语、名词短语作宾语补足语。如：
1）I made him very happy. 我让他很高兴。
2）Linda's parents make her at home. 琳达的父母让她待在家里。
3）We make him our monitor. 我们选他当我们的班长。
（2）all over the world全世界 all over到处，处处，遍及…… 如：
all over China 遍及全中国
all over the city 整个城市
15．Running is good for legs, heart and lungs. 跑步对腿、心和肺有益。
be good for对……有益。如：
Watching TV too much is not good for your health. 看太多电视对你的身体没有好处。
三、语法
be going to结构
1．定义：be going to表示打算，计划，准备去做一件事情。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此用be going to表示的行动通常会付诸实践。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday? 这个星期天你打算干什么？
—I'm going to play basketball with my classmates. 我打算和同学去打篮球。
She is going to take part in the high jump and the long jump. 她打算参加跳高和跳远项目。
They are going to plant trees around the school. 他们打算去学校周围种些树。
I am going to Beijing next month. 下个月我准备去北京。
2．转变句型
A、一般疑问句：把be(am, is, are)动词直接提到句首。即：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
Tom and Kate are going to take part in the soccer club.
汤姆和凯特要参加足球俱乐部。
Are Tom and Kate going to take part in the soccer club?
汤姆和凯特要参加足球俱乐部吗？
B、否定句：在be后直接加not，即主语+be+not+going to+动词原形+…… 如：
Ling isn't going to sing at the party tomorrow evening.
明晚玲不打算在聚会上唱歌。
C、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句+be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如：
What are you going to do next month? 下个月你将干什么？
Where are they going to meet this Sunday? 这周日他们将在哪儿会面？
四、练习
Ⅰ、单项选择
（ ）1、Lily ____ the long jump, and she jumped very far.
A. join B. joined C. takes part in D. took part in
（ ）2、Cycling can make your body _____.
A. strong B. strongly C. be strong D. to be strong
（ ）3、—____ does she stay in the city every year?
—Two months.
A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How
（ ）4、Michael Jordan is good at _____ basketball.
A. to play B. play C. to playing D. playing
（ ）5、—How often does Ann go to the gym?
—_______
A. Twice a week. B. For two hours. C. At two o'clock. D. Two time a week.
（ ）6、I saw Tom often _____ with his father ring the summer holidays.
A. swims B. swam C. swim D. swimming
（ ）7、Running is a good way _____ fit.
A. keeps B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
（ ）8、He prefers _____ to ______ on the weekend.
A. go shopping; go swimming B. going shopl going swim
C. going shopping; going swimming D. to go shopping; to go swimming
（ ）9、There _____ a school sports meet next month.
A. will have B. is C. is going to have D. is going to be
（ ）10、Swimming can help to keep your heart ______.
A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. healthly
参考答案：1-5 DAADA 6-10 CBCDB
Ⅱ、选用方框中句子补全对话，其中有二项多余。
A. It's October 1st.
B. Because it's the birthday of our country on that day.
C. Let's have a party.
D. People hold dragon boat race(龙舟比赛)in many places and eat rice mplings to remember Qu Yuan.
E. They often go shopping or touring(观光).
F. Many people watch the National flag(国旗)go up.
G. What's the date today?
S——Sally
K——Kangkang
S：When is May Day?
K：It's on May the 1st.
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 1
S：When is Dragon Boat Festival?
K：It's on the lunar(农历)May 5th.
S：What do people do on that day?
K： 2
S：When is National Day?
K： 3
S：Why do people celebrate it?
K： 4
S：How do people celebrate it?
K： 5
1．______ 2．______ 3．______ 4．_______ 5．______
参考答案：1—5 EDABF
Ⅲ、完形填空
（A）
In England, people don't usually talk much. You can get on 1 bus, or a train, 2 everyone sits looking 3 the window. Often they read. They read books and newspapers, but they don't talk much.
4 you meet English people, they often talk about one thing—the 5 . So when you meet someone in England, you can say,“Nice weather 6 the time of year!”
“But it was a little cold yesterday,” 7 may answer.
“But it is going to be a bit warmer 8 !”you can say. Talk 9 this, and the English will think,“How 10 you are!”
（ ）1．A. an B. a C. the D.（不填）
（ ）2．A. and B. so C. but D. or
（ ）3．A. after B. like C. out of D. or
（ ）4．A. Because B. When C. Then D. before
（ ）5．A. weather B. food C. date D. time
（ ）6．A. to B. for C. on D. from
（ ）7．A. someone B. anyone C. other D. man
（ ）8．A. yesterday B. later C. in a minute D. all day
（ ）9．A. like B. about C. with D. into
（ ）10．A. easy B. high C. friendly D. healthy
参考答案：1—5 BCCBA 6—10 BABAC
（B）
Summer is very hot, but most American families like to have a holiday 1 summer. Summer is a good season 2 holidays. It's very hot ring the months of July and August. Children don't go to school ring these 3 months.
Some 4 like to be at home ring the holidays. They work in gardens, talk with friends, 5 books, or watch TV. Some families 6 lunch in parks or some places far away 7 the city. They like to eat in places with many trees or a nice lake. If they live near the sea, they often go to the beach. They can fish, swim or 8 the sunshine there.
America is a large country. Many families travel by car or by train to see interesting places. They also 9 other countries by plane. Many big cities have many famous buildings, shops or other places 10 travelers.
1．A. for B. in C. on D. with
2．A. to B. of C. in D. for
3．A. one B. two C. three D. four
4．A. people B. girls C. men D. women
5．A. see B. watch C. look D. read
6．A. has B. take C. have D. carry
7．A. from B. of C. to D. with
8．A. like B. love C. look D. enjoy
9．A. travel at B. travel to C. travel in D. travel for
10．A. for B. in C. on D. with
参考答案：1—5 BDBAD 6—10 CADBA
Ⅳ、阅读理解
（A）
Mr. King goes to a dinner party. He is wearing old clothes. He comes into the room. But people in the room don't look at him. They don't ask him to sit at the table.
Mr. King goes home and puts on his good clothes. He goes back to the party. Everyone in the room stands up and smiles at him. They give him very good food to eat.
Mr. King takes off his clothes, and puts them in the food and says,“Eat, clothes!”
The other people ask,“What are you doing?”
He answers,“I'm asking my coat to eat food. I am wearing my old clothes. You don't look at me. You don't ask me to sit down. Now I'm in these clothes. And you give me very good food. Now I see, you give the food to my clothes, not to me!”
（ ）1．Mr. King goes to the dinner, but people in the room don't look at him. Because _____.
A. he doesn't come by car B. he is old
C. he is wearing his old clothes D. he is young
（ ）2．Mr. King goes home to ______ his _____ clothes.
A. put on; good B. puts on; fine
C. take off; good D. wear; good
（ ）3．Mr. King goes back to the party, people in the room stand up and smile at him, because _____.
A. he is wearing his old clothes
B. he comes by a very good car
C. he is wearing his good clothes
D. he is putting on his good clothes
（ ）4．Mr. King takes off his good clothes, and _____ them ______ the good food.
A. ask; to eat B. asks; to eat C. let's; to eat D. ask; eat
（ ）5．Mr. King says the good food is ______.
A. for her B. for his good clothes C. for me D. for him
参考答案：1—5 CACBB
（B）
Many people do not like to stay at home on holidays. They want to go out to see something different or do something exciting. So people from the country come to the city and people from the city go to the country for holidays. During the holidays, trains, buses and planes are all very busy. It is very hard to buy train tickets or air tickets. Many people take cars or buses for traveling.
Last may Day my family went to the country by car for our holiday. There was too much traffic on the road, so we had to move very slowly. It took us about an hour to get out of the town. After some time, we came to a hill. It was green and beautiful. We thought this was a good place for a picnic, so we stopped and took the foods, fruits and drinks out of the car. We sat down and began to eat. Suddenly a strong wind blew and soon it started to rain. We had to run back to our car and had our picnic in the car. Then we drove home. What a sad trip!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
（ ）1．Do people like to stay at home on holidays?
A. Yes, they do. B. No, they don't.
C. Yes, they like. D. No, they aren't.
（ ）2．Did they have a good trip?
A. Yes, they did. B. No, they didn't.
C. Yes, they had. D. No, they went there.
（ ）3．What does“suddenly”mean? It means _____.
A. 强烈地 B. 突然 C. 迅速地 D. 慢慢地
（ ）4．What is the meaning of“blew”? The meaning is _____.
A. 蓝色 B. 刮风 C. 吹气 D. 推
（ ）5．How long did they spend(花费)getting out of the town?
A. Half an hour. B. About an hour. C. Two hours. D. Three hours.
参考答案：1—5 BBBBB
⑦ 求初二学生应该掌握的英语语法和单词
初二英语上学期知识要点复习
一、一般现在时
★ 一般现在时指经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every……等时间状语连用。肯定句谓语动词用动词原形（单三+s）， 否定句用don’t /doesn’t +动词原形，疑问句用Do/Does…+动词原形？
e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 汤姆每天都做家庭作业。
否定句：Tom doesn’t do his homework everyday. 汤姆每天都不做家庭作业。
疑问句：Does Tom do his homework everyday 汤姆每天都做家庭作业吗?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的。（不，不做。）
二、现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作
常和now 连用，有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。
*Look! A train is coming .看，火车来了。
*Listen! He is playing the piano.听，他在弹琴。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作
但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。
*What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）
3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作
即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？
三、一般将来时
█一般将来时
1.be going to+ 动词原形~
对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形的句型来表示。
因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。
1.肯定句：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形
I am going to play football next Sunday.
下周日我打算踢足球。
◇He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界。
◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面。
◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
2.否定句：主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形
We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们不上课。
◇I’m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师。
◇He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。
3.疑问句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形
◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？
Yes, I am. 是的，我打算当。
No, I’m not. 不，我不打算当。
will 同be going to 的用法相同
以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如：
this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,
the day after tomorrow / next week ,
next Wednesday / next month,
next September / next year.
★ “be going to + 动词原形” 表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作，常和this afternoon （今天下午），this evening = tonight （今晚），tomorrow （明天），tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) （明早，午，晚），the day after tomorrow（后天），next Sunday （下个星期天）， next week (下周)， next month (下个月)， next year (明年)等的时间状语连用，前不加任何介词。另外，动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1．比较级：句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。
e.g. ① Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。
② I’m a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。
2．最高级：句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级，其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语。在句子中，形容词最高级前必须加the。
e.g. ① The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。
② Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
★形容词的比较级和最高级：
形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级。
3．原级：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。
e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 （一个人不作比较。）
★ 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：
1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级，加est构成最高级。
e.g. small smaller smallest
young younger youngest
2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词，直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级。
e.g. nice nicer nicest
late later latest
3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，变y为i ，再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级。
e.g. busy busier busiest
heavy heavier heaviest
4.在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， 构成比较级和最高级。
e.g. hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。
e.g. good (well) better best
bad (badly, ill) worse worst
many (much) more most
little less least
far farther farthest
或 further furthest
★ 副词的比较级和最高级：
1.以ly 结尾的副词，除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully – more carefully – most carefully
2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast – faster—fastest
3.个别词是不规则变化，需要特别记忆。
4.句子中，副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。
e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?
五、提建议的表达方法、表示需要、询问方向、指点方向
★ 表示建议的基本句型
1. Shall I / we + 动词原形？
2. Why don’t you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形
3. Let’s + 动词原形
4. What/ How about + doing sth.
★ 表示需要的基本句型
1.表示需要用need。 它可当情态动词和行为动词用。
e.g. ① We need your help.（行为动词）
我们需要你的帮助。
② They need finish reading the book today. (情态动词)
他们需要今天看完这本书。
2.询问方向，主要有以下几种表达方式：
⑴ Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽车站吗？
⑵ Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽车站在哪里？
⑶ Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽车站的路是那一条？
⑷ How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽车站？
3.指点方向，主要有以下几种表达方式：
⑴ Go / walk along the road / street. 沿着这条路/街走。
⑵ Take the first (second…) turning on the right / left. 在第一（二……）个路口向右/左转。
⑶ It’s next to (in front of , behind…) 它在……旁边（前面，后面……）
⑷ It’s about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大约一百米处。
⑸ Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。
六、一般过去时
◆一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。
1.He walks to school. (一般现在时)
2.He walked to school. (一般过去时)
例如：
例1．中的动词walks时现在式, 由于主语是第三人称单数he， 因此原因的walk必须加上 “s”,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为“他现在经常步行上学”。
例2．中的动词walked是过去式，过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式，所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时，例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间，这句可译为“他曾经步行上学”。
◆be 动词的过去式
be 动词的过去时的句型如下：
肯定句： 主语 +be动词的过去式（was, were）~
否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not ~
疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 ~？
○He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。
○He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。
○Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗？
1.be动词过去时的肯定句
Mike was in the United States last year. 麦克去年在美国。
比较be 动词的现在式和过去式：
There is (are ) 的句型用于一般过去时需把is ，are 变为它们的过去式：There was (were) …
2.be动词过去式的否定句
He was not in Canada last year.
他去年不在加拿大。
be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样，只要在be动词过去式（was, were）后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用缩写形式wasn’t 和 weren’t .
○I wasn’t busy the other day.
前几天我不忙。
3.be动词的过去时的疑问句（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）
Was it raining in Beijing yesterday?
No, it wasn’t . I t was cloudy.
昨天北京下雨了吗？不，没下雨。昨天北京阴天。
be 动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样，只要把be 动词的过去式was, were 调到主语前面即可。 was (were ) + 主语 ~？ 回答时，需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn’t (weren’t)
○Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空吗？
Yes, he was . 是的，他有空。
No, he wasn’t . 不，他没空。
◆一般动词的过去时
一般动词过去式的基本句型如下：
肯定句： 主语+ 动词的过去式~
否定句： 主语+ did not + 动词原形~
疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形~？
○He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打网球了。
○He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他没打网球。
○Did he play tennis last week? (疑问句) 上周他打网球了吗？
1.一般动词过去式的肯定句
We had a good time yesterday.
昨天我们过得很愉快。
He had a good time yesterday.
昨天他过得很高兴。
一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此，主语即使是单数、第三人称，也和其他人称一样变化。
○I watched TV for an hour.
我看了一个小时的电视。
○She studied Russian two years ago.
两年前他学俄语。
2.一般动词过去时的否定句
We did not have a good time yesterday.
昨天我们过得不好。
一般动词过去时的否定句的结构和一般现在时够定句的结构一样， 不论主语是第几人称，还是单、复数，在主语后面加上did not （而不是do not ,或 does not）就可以了。
否定式did not 常用缩写形式didn’t 。
○He didn’t have classes this morning.
今天上午他没课.
○You didn’t do your best to do it.
你没有尽力去做。
3.一般动词过去时的疑问句
Did he go there?
他去那了吗？
Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t .) 是的，他去了。 （不，他没去。）
When did you get up this morning? At six.
今天早晨你几点钟起床的？ 六点钟。
一般动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样，无论主语是第几人称，单数、复数，在主语前面加上did即可。
○Did Tom go with you?
汤姆和你一起去的吗？
Yes, he did . (No, he didn’t .)
是的。（不，不是的）
○How many subjects did you study last term?
上学期你们学习几门功课？
We studied seven.
我们学习七门课。
比较一般动词的现在时和过去时
一般现在时
一般过去时
肯定句
I go ~.
He goes ~.
I went ~.
He went ~.
否定句
I don’t go ~.
He doesn’t go ~.
I didn’t go ~.
He didn’t go ~.
疑问句
Do you go ~?
Does he go ~ ?
Did you go ~?
Did he go ~?
◆一般过去时的基本用法
1.带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时
如：yesterday (昨天) , two days ago（两天前）, last year（去年）., the other day（前几天）, once upon a time（过去曾经） , just now（刚才）, in the old days（过去的日子里）, before liberation（解放前）, when I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）.
2.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时
这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。
○The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。
3.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。
常与always, never 等连用。
○Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）
试比较：
○Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。）
○I never drank wine.
我以前从不喝酒。
（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒。）
4.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do
○He used to drink.
他过去喝酒。
（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了。）
5.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们要特别注意。
○I didn’t know you were in Pairs.
我不知道你在巴黎。
（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）
○I thought you were ill.
我以为你病了呢。
（这句话应是在说话前，我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病。）
七、反意疑问句
█.反意疑问句 (Tag questions)
在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分（陈述句）之后用逗号，后一部分（简短问句）之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问句时用升调。
反意疑问句分为两类：
1.前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。
2.前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定句。
★陈述句（肯定式），+ 疑问部分（否定式）？
1.be 动词和一般动词（实意动词）构成的反意疑问句
be动词句型
现在…… ,isn’t (aren’t ) + 主语？
过去……, wasn’t (weren’t ) + 主语？
一般动词句型：
现在…… , don’t (doesn’t ) + 主语？
过去…… , didn’t + 主语？
◇The pen is yours, isn’t it?
这笔是你的，不是吗？
◇Lucy likes English, doesn’t she?
露西喜欢英语，不是吗？
Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。
No, she doesn’t 不，她不喜欢。
2.情态动词的反意疑问句
◇Your brother can swim, can’t he?
你的哥哥会游泳，不是吗？
Yes, he can.
No, he can’t.
◇We have to finish it, don’t we?
我们不得不完成它，不是吗？
Yes, we do.
No, we don’t.
◇The workers had to take the first bus, didn’t they?
工人们不得不上头班车，不是吗？
Yes, they did.
No, they didn’t.
★陈述句（否定式），+ 疑问句（肯定句）？
这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样，只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 这部分的难点在于回答，回答和汉语习惯不同。 在这种问句中，先不要管yes和no ，按实际情况，如果答语是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定结构，如果答语是否定的，就要用No+ 否定结构
◇You aren’t a teacher, are you?
你不是老师，是吗？
Yes, I am. 不，我是。
No, I am not. 是的，我不是。
◇You don’t study Chinese, do you?
你们不学中文，是吗？
Yes, we do. 不，我们学中文。
◇Your classmates didn’t have a good time last summer, did they?
你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗？
Yes, they did. 不，他们过得很好。
No, they didn’t. 是的，他们过的不好。
★其他类型的反意疑问句
1.祈使句的反意疑问句
a．在肯定的祈使句后，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气，可加一个简短的问句，如：Will you? would you? won’t you? can you ? could you ? can’t you?最常见的是will you ？或 won’t you?
◇Open the window, will you?
请打开窗子，好吗？
b.在let’s 祈使句后加上shall we? 或 shan’t we? 在let us (me , him…)后加上will you? 或won’t you?
2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意义的某些词，如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…,疑问部分必须用肯定式。
3.陈述部分是there be 结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。
4.陈述句部分如果有everything, nothing …. 表示事物的词作主语时，疑问部分的主语用it ，陈述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone ….. 表示人的不定代词作主语时，疑问部分常用they （有时也用he）.
◇Everything here is dirty, isn’t it?
这的所有东西都脏，不是吗？
八、邀请和应答、请求许可
█英语中表达请求允许的句型很多，在不同的场合要用不同的句式来表达。
1.常见表示“请求”“允许”的句式。
① May I …? 我可以干……吗？
② Can / Could I … ? 我能干……吗？
③ Shall I / we … ? 我/咱们干……好吗？
④Would you like / love to …? 你愿意干……吗？
⑤Will (would) you please…? 请你干……好吗？
⑥What / How about doing …? 干……怎么样？
2.常见“应答”的句式：
①Yes, of course. 当然可以。
②Sure/ Certainly. 当然可以。
③That’s OK. / That’s all right. 好吧，行。
④Yes, please. 好的，请（做吧）。
⑤I’d love / like to. 很乐意。
⑥With pleasure. 很乐意。
⑦Good idea! 好主意。
3.表示“不允许”的答语有：
①I’m sorry, but …… 对不起，不过……
②I’m sorry , but …. 对不起,你不能。
③You’d better not …. 你最好别……
④I’m afraid I can’t. 恐怕我不行。
⑤No, thanks. 不，谢谢。
⑧ 初二年级上册英语重点句型和语法
unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player
【复习目标】
复习有关职业的英文表达方式 / 未来计划的制定
谈论未来自己与他人理想的职业及原因 / 谈论为实现理想所做出的打算和安排
【语言目标】
● What are you going to be when you grow up I'm going to be a computer programmer.
● How are you going to do that I'm going to study computer science.
【语言结构】
● be going to 表示将来 want to be what, where, when, how 引导的特殊疑问句
【重点词汇】
● computer programmer, professional, engineer, pilot
● computer science, dream job, grow up, move to , fashion, show, retire, save
● resolution, get good, grades, get a part-time job, make more friends
【应掌握的词组】
1. grow up 长大,成长
2. computer science计算机科学
3. be going to do 表示主观打算,准备或有信心做某事
4. computer programmer 电脑程序设计人
5. baseball player 棒球运动员
6. take acting lessons上演技课
7. professional basketball player职业篮球运动员
8. practice basketball练习篮球
9. move somewhere=move to somewhere搬到(不具体的)某一地方
10. sound like 听起来像……
11. part-time 兼职的,full-time 全职的,全日制的
12. a year or two 一两年=one or two years;
an hour or two=one or two hours一两个小时
a day or two=one or two days一两天
13. my dream job我梦想的工作
14. what I want to do 我想做的事情
15. somewhere interesting有趣的地方
16. a reporter for fashion magazine 时装杂志记者
17. save some money 积蓄一些钱,攒钱
18. at the same time与此同时
19. hold art exhibition举办美术展览
20. all over the world全世界,世界各地
21. somewhere quiet and beautiful 安静而美丽的地方
22. send sth. to sb. 将某物发送给某人
23. I'm not sure yet我还没有定下来
24. the Olympic Games=the Olympics奥运会
25. New Year's resolutions新年的决心
26. play an instrument 弹一种乐器
27. get a part-time job找到一份兼职工作
28. make the soccer team组建足球队
29. get good grades获得好成绩
30. eat healthier food吃健康的食物
31. get lots of exercise多进行体育锻炼
32. take guitar lessons上吉他课
33. I really love music我酷爱音乐
34. sounds interesting听起来很有意思
35. communicate with sb.与某人交流
36. a foreign language teacher 一份当外语教师的工作
37. keep fit 保持身体健康
38. work harder in school 在学校里更努力学习
39. make one's resolution 表决心
40. after high school=leave school中学毕业后
41. international magazines 国际杂志社
42. the exchange students留学生
43. have a welcome party 召开一个欢迎会
【应掌握的句子】
1. I am going to be a basketball player. 我想成为一名篮球运动员.
2. How are you going to do that I'm going to study computer science.你打算怎样做 我打算学习计算机科学.
3. Being a computer programmer is his dream.当一名电脑程序设计人是他的梦想.
4. Cheng Han is going to be an actor. 程汉想要当一名演员.
5. Where is Cheng Han going to move He's going to move to New York. 程汉打算要搬到哪里去 他打算要搬到纽约去.
6. Where are you going to work 你打算在哪里工作
I'm not sure yet.我还没有定下来.
Maybe Beijing or Shanghai.也许在北京或上海吧.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room
【复习目标】
如何礼貌地提出要求,礼貌地请求允许做某事.
写留言条以请求他人的帮助.
【语言目标】
Could you take out the trash Sure.
Could I borrow the car Sorry, but I need it, I have to go to a meeting,
I have to make the bed and do the laundry.
【语言结构】
用Could委婉地表示请求
用could委婉地请求许可
make与do的区别
【重点词汇】
● do the chores, do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, fold the clothes,
clean the living room, do the laundry, wash the car
● buy some drinks and snacks, borrow some money, invite your friends
● teenager, hate / take care of / feed
【应掌握的词组】
1. could you please…你能……吗 /请你干…….好吗
2. do the dishes 洗餐具
3. sweep the floor清扫地板
4. take out the trash倒垃圾
5. make one's bed铺床
6. fold one's clothes叠衣服
7. clean the living room 清扫客厅
8. stay out late晚归
9. his father's reason他父亲的理由
10. get a ride搭车
11. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑
12. hate sth./to do sth.讨厌某事/做某事
13. do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服
14. make breakfast, make dinner, do some cooking 做饭
15. wash the car刷车16. work on 从事,忙于
17. work at学习,致力于,在……上下工夫
18. borrow some money借一些钱
19. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事
20. go to the store去商店
21.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事
22. agree with sb. =agree with what one says同意某人的意见
23.(需了解) make a deal作成交易
make a face做鬼脸;
make a fool of捉弄,使出洋相
make friends with与……交朋友
make a name for himself成名
make a note of注意,记下来
make free with擅自使用
make fun of取笑
make…into把……作成,使变成
make it成功,到达某处
make one's living维持生活
make one's way to前往某处
make room腾出地方
make up编造
make use of利用
24. borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)
25. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)
26.ask for要求得到,要求见到
27. take care of = look after照顾,照看,照料
take good care of=look after…well
28. need some help需要一些帮助
29. come over过来
30. get angry生气
31. have a test考试
32. make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除
【应掌握的句子】
1.Could you please clean your room 请你打扫一下你的房间好吗
2.Could you please open the door for me 请你替我开门,好吗
3.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务.
4.Tell your partner your answer to activity 1a. Does your partner agree 把你对活动1a的答案告诉你的搭档.你的搭档同意吗
5.Thanks for taking care of my dog. 感谢你照看我的狗.
6.You are having a party. Ask your partner for help. Talk about these things.
你要开一个晚会.向你的搭档寻求帮助.谈论这些事情.
7.Take him for a walk. 带它出去散步.
Give him water and feed him. 给它喝水,并喂它食物.
Then wash his bowl. Play with him. 然后,把它的碗洗洗.和它一起玩.
Don't forget to clean his bed. 不要忘了把它的床铺清扫干净.
8. 妈妈说我可以在我家举行同学聚会.
星期六你过来的时候,能帮我清扫地板吗
9.I'm going to move to a new house! I need some help.我要搬入新房子,需要帮助
Unit 12 what's the best radio station
【复习目标】
单音节形容词,多音节形容词和特殊形容词的比较级和最高级形式
进行简单的比较,并表达自己的好恶
【语言目标】
what's the best cinema Showtime cinema, it's the cheapest.
Jason's has good quality clothes. It's better than Trendy Teens.
Jason's is the best store in town.
【语言结构】
用-(i)est, the most表示最高级
不规则的形容词和比较级和最高级形式good, better, the best, bad, worse the worst
【重点词汇】
● theater, cinema / trendy, quality, comfortable, close to
● seat, screen, jeans, / performer, radio station
【应掌握的词组】
1. the best radio station最好的无线电台
2. comfortable seats舒适的椅子
3. big screens大屏幕
4. friendly service友好的服务
5. new movies新电影
6. close to home离家近
7. in a fun part of town 在城镇闹区
8. Town Cinema城镇电影院
9. Screen City大屏幕影视城
10. Movie Palace电影艺术宫
11. Jeans Corner牛仔广角
12.Trendy Teens时髦少年服装店
13. Easy Listening轻松听力
14. have good quality clothes服装质量好
15. in town在城里, in the city在城市里
in the country在乡下
16. the beat clothing store最好的服装店
17. do a survey of 对…进行调查
18. all the movie theaters所有的电影院
19. the most interesting music最有趣的音乐
20.be(get, become, feel) interested in 对…感兴趣
21.positive words肯定的词语
22. negative words否定的词语
23. the most creative最有创造力的
24. the most boring最烦人的
25. the math teacher数学老师
26. a great success巨大的成功
27. win the prize for赢得……的奖项
28. without music没有音乐伴奏下
29. the funniest actor最滑稽的演员
30. the worst movie最差的电影
31. action movies动作片
32. beautiful beaches美丽的海滩
33. in the north of China在中国的北部
34. an Ice and Snow Festival冰雪节
35. Central Park 中心公园
36. leader of a band乐队指挥
37. Forbidden City紫禁城
38. elementary school 小学
【应掌握的句子】
1. What's the best radio station 哪一家是最好的广播电台
2. How do you choose what movie theater to go to 你如何选择去哪一家影剧院.
3. I think Gold Theater has the most comfortable seats.我认为黄金剧院的座位最舒适.
4. What do young people think about places in town 年轻人认为我们镇里的场所怎么样
5. The film is interesting.这电影令人感兴趣.
6. Where are we going for lunch 我们到哪里吃午饭
7. My sister Isabel is the funniest person I know.我妹妹伊莎贝尔是我知道的最滑稽的人.
李先生是我认识的最好的老师.
8. Last week's talent show was a great success.上个星期的才艺表演获得了巨大的成功.
名人才艺表演好极了.
9. He danced without music.在没有音乐伴奏的情况下,他跳了一曲.
⑨ 初一到初二英语所有句型 语法 短语
英语作文加分短语： 1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先，第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢，抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地，反复地
38. wake up 醒来，叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立，单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回来，取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光，吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料
56. think of 考虑到，想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）
61. turn off 关