① 初一(上、下学期)全部英语语法
1. 形容词的用法:
形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语,用于限定被修饰语的特征,如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等,。
The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那个。
--Which one? 哪一个?
--The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?
2、人称代词:
是用来表示人的代词,有单数和负数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,是作动词或介词的宾语。
主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?
3、可数名词和不可数名词
英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。
(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
(2)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令等,句中没有主语,肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成,否定形式则在句前加Don’t.
Stand up, please. 请起立。
Don’t worry. 别担心。
can的用法:
can是情态动词,表示“能,会,可以,被允许等”,其后接动词原形,否定形式为cannot,可缩写为can’t.
She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
5、现在进行时态:
概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。
结构:由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成,其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。
--What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?
--I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?
动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化如下:
动词ing形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下:
1) 直接在动词后加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态,主要看句子的时间状语,一般说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?
--Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?
6、have/ has的用法:
1) 谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。
It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。
2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。
They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。
There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。
We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?
--No, they don’t. 不,他们的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。
What do they have? 他们有什么?
What does he have? 他有什么?
How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?
7、介词用法:
1) 具体时间前介词用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。
2) 表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短语中用介词in,且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午,在夜里”的短语中介词用at,不加冠词。
in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午,at night在夜里
3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园。
4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?
He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。
8、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。
其动词形式是:动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does
1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。
I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。
3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首,后面动词用原形。回答时,肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+don’t”。
–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?
--No, I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。
一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与以下的时间状语连用:often 经常,always 总是,sometimes 有时,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。
I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。
It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。
主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时
一般现在时态,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要是第三人称单数,后要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。
The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。
转换成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的动词用原形。
Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn’t feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。
转换成一般疑问句,句首用Does,其后的动词用原形。
Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗?
Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?
② 英语七年级下册语法!全部!
楼主,您好 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语: 1.be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4.write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5.in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二.重点句式: 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office? 一. Asking ways: (问路) 1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪里? 2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告诉我去……的路吗? 3. How can I get to ……? 我怎样到达……呢? 4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗? 5. Which is the way to ……? 哪条是去……的路? 二.Showing the ways: (指路) 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形) 三.词组 1. across from ……在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面 2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市 3. between……and……在……和……之间 between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间 4. in front of……在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。 in the front of……在……(内)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 课室内的前部有张桌子。 5. behind……在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面 6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐 on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边 on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边 7. go straight 一直走 8. down /along…… 沿着……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿着中央街 9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到…… 11. take /have a walk 散步 12. the beginning of…………的开始,前端 at the beginning of……在……的开始,前端 in the beginning 起初,一开始 13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快 我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐出租车 16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方 17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路 go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林 18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三.重难点解析 1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。 到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。 2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。 hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。 (从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。) 3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。 If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。 四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对 1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一.重点词组 eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day ring the day 二. 交际用语 1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever. 2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because they’re friendly and clever. 5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. She’s very shy. 7. He is from Australia. 8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. 10.Let’s see the pandas first. 11.They’re kind of interesting. 12.What other animals do you like? 13.Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重点难点释义 1、kind of 有点,稍微 Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。 kind 还有“种类”的意思 如:各种各样的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school. 2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲 China 和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。 There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的,和蔼可亲的 它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用, be friendly。 The people in Cheng are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起 I usually play chess with my father. 注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时, 如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如: My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…” I often play with my pet dog. Don’t play with water! 5、day和night 是一对反义词,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。 通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。 Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 叶子 复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化还有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves, knife—knives等。 7、hour n. 小时;点钟 hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”,即:an hour。 There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 来自… be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China. 9、meat n. (食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修 饰,即:much meat He eats much meat every day. 10、grass n. 草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:much grass。 There is much grass on the playground. 四. 语法知识 特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。 特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况: 1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如: What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少? Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁? Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节? When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴? Where does he live? 他住在哪儿? How are you? 你好吗? How old are you? 你多大了? How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹? 2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如: Who is on ty today? 今天谁值日? Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师? 我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。 例如: I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢? What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样? Unit 4 I want to be an actor. 一.短语: 1 want to do sth 想要作某事 2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人 3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home. 4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天 6 at night 在晚上 7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话 8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 9 in a hospital 在医院l 10 work/ study hard 努力工作 11 Evening Newspaper 晚报 二.重点句式及注意事项: 1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式 ① What + is / are + sb? ② What + does/ do + sb + do? ③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me. 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night. 4 I like talking to people. 5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work? 7 then we have a job for you as a waiter. 8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter. 9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5-12. 三. 本单元中的名词复数。 1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 谢谢采纳!
③ 七年级(仁爱英语)所有的语法
初中介词的用法
一.时间介词的用法辨析
1. 时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析
介词in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:in the morning
介词on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间。如:on a rainy day
介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如:at noon
介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 o‘clock
1. 时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
o 介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
o 介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.
o 介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
1. 时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
1. 时间介词ring与for的用法辨析
o 当所指o 的时间起止分明时用介词ring如:He swims every day ring the summer.
o 如果一段时间不o 明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
1. 时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
1. 时间介词till与until用法的异同1.
o till和until用在肯定句中,o 均可表示“直到…为止”,o 如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
o till和until用在否定句中,o 均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
o till多用于普通文体,而o until则用于多种文体,o 并且在句子开头时,o 用until而o 不o 用till。
如:Until he comes back,o nothing can be done.
1. 不1. 用介词表达时间的几种情况
当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday
当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
二.方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
1. 方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
o 介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,o 两者紧贴在一起,o 如:The book is on the table.
o 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,o 即“在…上方”,o 如:Is there any bridge over the river?
o 介词above表示一般的“高于…”,o “在…之上”,o 如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
1. 方位介词under与below的用法辨析
介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
1. 方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
o 介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,o 强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
o 介词through着重于“穿越”,o 强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
o 介词over多表示从“上方越过”,o 如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
o 介词past表示从“面前经过”,o 如:Someone has just gone past the window.
1. 方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析
介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.
介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.
1. 方位介词to、for的用法辨析
o 介词to表示目的地或去的目的,o 如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.
o 介词for表示动身去某地,o 如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
1. 地点介词at与in的用法辨析
介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
1. 地点介词at与on的用法辨析
o 介词at用于门牌号,o 如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
o 介词on用于路名,o 如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
1. 地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.
介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
三.其他易混介词的用法辨析
1. 动作介词to与toward的用法辨析
o 介词to表示向某处移动,o 如:They were driving to work together.
o 介词toward 表示移向某处,o 如:We're moving toward the light.
1. 原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析
介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,用来回答why的问句,语气最强。
如:The boy was absent because he was ill.
介词as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。
如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
介词for表示 “因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。
如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
1. 材料介词of和from的用法
o 介词of用于成品与材料的性质不o 变时,o 如:The desk is made of wood.
o 介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,o 如:Wine is made from grapes.
1. 表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
介词in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?
介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen
介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.
1. 介词between与among的用法辨析
o 介词between 表示“在两者之间”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
o 介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.
1. 介词besides与except的用法辨析
介词besides表示“除…之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
④ 七年级上册新目标英语所有语法
七年来级上册的语法点:自 1.人称代词,指示代词,冠词( U1,U3)
2.名词的单复数,所有格(U3,U5,U8)
3.方位介词与时间介词(U4,U11)
4.数词之基数词,时间,日期的表达(U7,U8,U11)
5.并列连词,and ,but ,or (U9)
6.情态动词can (U10)
7.一般现在时态(U5)
8.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 (U1,U2,U3,U4,U5,U6,U7,U8,U9,U10,U11,U12)
七年级上的全部语法,希望能帮到你啊!
⑤ 初一英语的所有语法,只要初一的,所有的,详细一点!
额....
你是用哪里教材的啊?
广州的有:
现在进行时、一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去完成时
⑥ 初一英语语法,所有
初一的语法知识包括:
主要掌握几种时态
1,一般现在时
2,一般过去时
3,一般将来时
4,现在进行时
还有几种词
1,名词
2,代词
3,形容词
4,动词
5,冠词
初一英语语法
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族,time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
①问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club?
⑥问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
⑦ 英语七年级所有语法
Unit 1.
句型
1. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
What’s her / his name? 她 / 他叫什么名字?
2. What’s your first name 你的名是什么?
What’s your last / family name? 你姓什么?
(last name = family name)
3. I’m Mary. = My name is Mary. 我叫玛丽。
She is Mary. = Her name is Mary. 她叫玛丽。
4. Nice to meet you! 见到你真高兴。
Nice to meet you too. 见到你也很高兴。
5. What’s your telephone number? 你的电话号码是什么?
(对电话号码提问用what)
Unit 2.
句型
1. Excuse me. 打扰了。
Is this / that your pencil? 这个 / 那个是你的铅笔吗?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 是的,它是。/ 不,不是。
( 回答时常用it替代上文中的this和that )
2. This / That is my ruler. 这个 / 那个是我的尺子。
3. Please call Mary at 495-3539.( call sb at + 电话号码)
请给Mary 打电话:495-3539.
Please call Mary. 请给Mary 打电话。
Please call 495-3539. 请拨打495-3539.
Unit 3.
句型
1. This / That is my sister. 这位 / 那位是我的姐姐。
此句的复数形式是:These / Those are my sisters. 这些 / 那些是我的姐姐们。 (this/ that的复数 分别是these / those)
2. It is a watch. 复数形式是: They are some watches.
(he / she / it 复数都是they,和this/that的复数不同)
3. Is he / Guo Peng your brother? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
他 / 郭鹏是你的哥哥吗? 是的,他是。 / 不,他不是
4. Thanks for the photo of your family. 感谢你寄来你的家庭照(全家福)。
thanks = thank you; the photo of your family = your family photo
5. Here is my family photo. 这儿是我的家庭照。
Here are some books. 这儿有一些书。
There is a picture and three pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一幅画和三支铅笔。
There are many photos in the drawer. 抽屉里有许多照片。
(here / there 后的be动词单复数形式要以紧随其后的名词单复数来定)
Unit 4.
句型
1. Where is my backpack? 我的背包在哪儿?
Where are the books? 那些书在哪儿?
2. It’s / They’re in the drawer / under the bed / on the bookcase.
它 / 它们在抽屉里 / 床底下 / 书柜上。(注意主语和be动词照应)
3. Is it / Is the book / on the bed / in the backpack / under the desk?
Are they on the bed / in the backpack / under the desk?
它 / 这本书 / 它们在床上 / 背包里 / 桌子下吗?
4. Can you bring some things to school? 你能带些东西去学校吗?
some一般用在肯定的陈述句中,any用在否定句(“任何”)或疑问句(“某些,一些”)中。但如果表示期待对方肯定的回答或表请求和建议,疑问句中常用some。如上句。
5. take …to … 把…带到… take…there
Bring…to….把…带来 bring…here
Please take your sister to school. 请把你的妹妹带到学校。
Please bring your homework to our classroom. 请把你的作业带到我们教室来
bring 表从另一处带到这儿。take 表从这儿带到另一处。方向正好相反。
Unit 5.
句型
1. Do you have a soccer ball? 你有一个足球吗?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does she have a tennis racket? 她有一个网球拍吗?
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
(谓语是实义动词的时候,疑问句形式:do / does 提前到主语前,主语后面的动词用原形)
2. I don’t have a soccer ball. 我没有一个足球。
She doesn’t have a volleyball. 她没有排球。
(谓语是实义动词的时候,否定形式:do /does +not + 动词原形)
3. Let me / him / us play soccer. 让我 / 他 / 我们踢足球吧。
(let后面的动词用原形)
4. That sounds good / great / interesting / boring.那听起来不错 /好极了 /有趣 /无聊。(that指代上文之事)
5. I / We / They / You / The kids have 8 baseballs. 我 / 我们 / 他们 / 孩子们有8个棒球。
She / He / My brother / The boy has 8 baseballs. 她 /他 /我哥哥 /那个男孩有8个棒球。
(注意以上各句主语和谓语的照应:主语是单三,谓语也用单三;主语不是单三,谓语也不用单三。)
句型
1. Do you like bananas / hamburgers / salad…?
你喜欢香蕉 / 汉堡包 / 沙拉……吗?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 是的,我喜欢。/ 不,我不喜欢。
2. like doing sth. = like to do sth. 喜欢做某事.
如:She likes helping / to help students. 她喜欢帮学生。
3. I like/have hamburgers for breakfast. 早餐我喜欢/吃汉堡。
Unit 7.
句型
1. How much are these pants? =What’s the price of these pants?
这条裤子多少钱?
They’re twenty dollars. 这条裤子20美元。
How much is this sweater? =What’s the price of this sweater?
这件毛衣多少钱? It’s 60 yuan. 它60元。
2. How much加不可数名词,how many 加可数名词复数。
如:how much food, how many students
3. Can I help you? 我能帮你吗?= What can I do for you? 我能为你做什么?
4. Yes, please. 是的,请吧。 No, thanks. 不了,谢谢。
5. I want a sweater. 我想要件毛衣。
6. What color do you want? 你想要什么颜色?
7. Here you are. =Here it is给你(这件毛衣 / 钱等)。
8. How much is it? / How much are they? 多少钱?
9. I’ll take it. = I’ll get it. = I’ll have it. 我买下它了。
10. Thank you. / Thanks a lot. 多谢。
You’re welcome. =That’s all right.别客气。
11. Come and buy … = Come to buy ….
Go and see … = Go to see…
12. Anybody can afford our prices. 任何人都能承担得起我们的价钱。
Unit 8.
句型
1.When is your / her / his birthday?
你的/她的/他的生日是什么时候?
My / Her / His birthday is May 14th.
我的 / 她的 / 他的生日是5月14日。(此处无on)
2. How old are you? = What’s your age? 你多大了?
I’m 8. / I’m 8 years old. 我8岁了。
3.Monday is the second day of the week.
周一是一星期中的第二天。(序数词前常有the)
It’s my eighth birthday.
(序数词eighth前已有限定词my, 故不再加the.)
Unit 9.
句型
1. Do you / Does she want to go to a movie? 你想 / 她想看电影吗?
2. What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢什么种类的电影?
3. June really likes action movies.
琼真的喜欢动作片。(really可修饰动词,但very不能。)
4. Mike is English. 迈克是英国人。(注意English前无冠词an.)
5. I often go to movies with my friends. 我常和朋友一起看电影。(with,“用;和…一起”)
6. 语法:并列连词and和or. 都译为“和”,or常用于否定句。and常用于肯定句。
He likes P.E. and art.他喜欢体育和美术。=He likes P.E. and he likes art.
He doesn’t like P.E. or art. =He doesn’t like P.E. and he doesn’t like art.
(or只用于连接否定句中的短语。若连接两个否定句时仍用and)
Unit 10.
句型
1. Can you play the guitar? Can you dance / swim? 你会弹吉它 / 跳舞 / 游泳吗? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 是的,我会。/ 不,我不会。
2. I want to join the art / music club. 我想参加美术 / 音乐俱乐部。
3. What club do you want to join? 你想参加什么俱乐部?
4. Can you play the piano well? 你弹钢琴弹得好吗?
5. Are you good with kids? 你善于和孩子相处吗?
(be good with sb. 善于和某人相处)
6. May I know your name? 我可以知道你的名字吗?= What’s your name?
7. What can you do? 你会做什么?
8. 短语:play the piano / the drums / the trumpet 弹钢琴 / 打鼓 / 吹喇叭(乐器前有the)
chess / English / swimming / music… club象棋 / 英语 / 游泳 / 音乐俱乐部
a little “一点,一些”(修饰不可数名词。)
Unit 11.
句型
1. What time do you/ does she usually go to school/ get up?
你通常何时上学 / 起床?
I usually run/ She usually gets up at around 7:00.
我 / 她通常大约7:00跑步 / 起床。
2. When do people usually eat dinner? 人们通常什么时候吃晚饭?
3. 时刻表达:
a.分钟未过半点;
7:20, 可以读作: seven twenty, 或twenty past seven
12:08, 可以读作:twelve oh eight, 或eight past twelve
b.分钟刚好半点:
9:30, 可读作:nine thirty, 或half past nine
c.分钟超过半点:
8:46, 可读作:eight forty-six, 或fourteen to nine
4.what引导的感叹句的结构:
a. what + a / an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓
What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的孩子啊!
What an interesting book you have!你的书多么有趣啊!
b. what + 形容词 + 名词复数: What clever boys you are! 你们是多么聪明的孩子啊!
c. what + 形容词 + 不可数名词: What difficult work it is! 那是多么困难的工作啊!
5. 宾语从句的语序(用陈述句的语序, 见下文画线部分):
I don’t know when your birthday is. (不是when is your birthday)
Can you tell me where you come from? (不是where do you come from)
Unit 12. My favorite subject is science .
句型
1. What’s your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的学科是什么?
(形容词性物主代词+favorite+名词,“…最喜爱的….”)
2. My favorite subject is science. 我最喜爱的学科是科学。
3. Why do you / does she like science? 你 / 她为什么喜欢科学?
Because it’s interesting. 因为它有趣。
4. Who is your art teacher? 谁是你的美术教师?
5. When do you have math? 你什么时候上数学?
6. I have volleyball for two hours. 我打排球两个小时。(for + 时间段)
人称代词形式:
主格 宾格 形容词性
物主代词 名词性
物主代词 反身代词
作主语 宾语 后要再接名词 不再接名词 主宾一致
I me my(pen/ house...) mine myself
you(你) you your (bag / car...) yours yourself
he him his (desk / coat...) his himself
she her her(hair/ books...) hers herself
it it its (tail / face...) its itself
we us our(teachers/rom) ours ourselves
You你们 you your(class/ city...) yours yourselves
they them their(school/seat) theirs themselves
注意:如果动词的施动者,即主语,和动词或介词后相应的宾格代词是相同的人或物时,其宾格代词要用反身代词:
I teach myself English. 我自学英语。
We solved the problems ourselves. 我们自己解决的这些问题。
Lucy hurt herself by accident. 露茜偶然伤了自己。
You have to take care of yourself. 你必须照看好自己。
但 She asks me to help her. 中的her并没有反身代词,因为help的施动者是“我”,而承受者是“她”,不相同。)
⑧ 七年级下册英语所有语法
at six o'clock 钟点 atlunch time 用餐来
at christmas节日 in the afternoon 一天中源某段时间
on ty 值日 li is time to...该是。。。。。。的时候了。 have a good time 玩得高兴
希望能帮助你,还有许多呢!打不完。
⑨ 人教版七年级英语所有语法
1.一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词) We clean the room every day.
一般现在时:do(n't)/does(n't)
2.一般过去时:主语+did We cleaned the room just now.
一般过去式:(n't)+V.原
3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now.
现在进行时:am(not)/is(n't)/are(n't)+V.ing
4.过去进行时:was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
过去进行时:was(n't)/were(n't)+V.ing
5.现在完成时: have/has done We have cleaned the room already.
现在完成时:have(n't)/has(n't)+过去分词(p.p.)
6.过去完成时: had done We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
过去完成时:had+p.p.
7.一般将来时: will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow.
一般将来时:will(not)+V.ing / is(n't)/are(n't)+going to +V.原
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do He said he would clean the room next
过去将来时:would(n't) / was(n't)/were(n't)+V.原
动词不定式:to+V.ing
一、 一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① am /is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are +doing
否定形式:am/is/are +not+doing
一般疑问句:把be动词放在句首
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/were +not+doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放在句首
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently,lately,since...,for...,in the past few years,etc.
基本结构:have/has +done
否定形式:have/has +not+done
一般疑问句:have/has放于句首
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某一时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before,by the end
⑩ 七年级下册英语所有语法汇总
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