A. 初中英语非谓语动词
1.b把verymuch放在句末来来看，你就源明白了。
7c动词不定式表示目的，writeon是固定搭配。
11bgetsbtodosth固定搭配。
12b这里的to不是动词，而是介词，所以跟现在分词。
16dfor是介词，后面跟现在分词，you是宾格，所以要放在词组中间。
17d首先，keepfrom加动名词表示“阻止……”，其次，书是被偷，所以用被动语态。
B. 初中英语非谓语动词用法
有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味着
7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望
courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因
decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，
tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
5.不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。
6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词(如：how, what)+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：
feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如：
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
7.非谓语动词中的有关句型
(1)动名词作主语的句型
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。
C. 关于非谓语动词语法的详解
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞
D. 初中英语非谓语的用法
上一讲我们讲了名词，不知道大家课后有没有复习啊？现在是高考复习的重要阶段，千万不能偷懒哦！
这一讲我们将复习动词。内容可能会有些多，而且这一部分也是考试的重点。所以，大家要尽量多抽些时间来复习。
动词的复习要从几个方面来思考：
1、弄清动词的分类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。这样可以针对每类动词的特点来进行进一步的复习。
2、动词短语。
3、非谓语动词
首先我们来看看四类动词。第一类是实义动词。这一类动词所含内容比较广。考查点也比较多。
1、单词意思。尤其是近义的动词。
例如：In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
在这道题中， 四个选项看起来似乎都符合题意。但是自己比较一下词义，我们就会发现本题应该选D. considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。acknowledge (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认.
这一部分我们可以参照我们第一阶段的复习。
2、时态。动词的时态是中学英语的一个主要学习内容。一般来说，实义动词被用于16种时态中（参照：动词的16种时态。）我们必须知道动词的变化规则，包括：原型、现在分词、过去分词、过去式以及不定式。这些变化规则可以参照：规则动词的词形变化 不规则英语动词巧记法。
其次是系动词。系动词主要就是be, am, is, are以及它们的相关形式。这一部分的复习要结合名词的单复数和各种时态。此外，被动语态也是其中经常涉及到的问题。这一部分要结合实义动词的过去分词形式来复习。
助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，b. 表示语态，c. 构成疑问句，
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，e. 加强语气，
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
对于上面几个助动词的用法我们要仔细地复习。在考试中经常会考到。
对于，情态动词来说，内容比较多，也很重要。我们以前曾经总结分析过。这里就不具体说了。您可以参考：高中情态动词精讲与解析。
接下来我们将谈谈动词短语。
纵观历年的英语高考试题，动词短语一直都是高考的难点，也是热点和重点之一，主要集中在单项填空和完形填空两大题型，考查的重点为动词的固定搭配及辨析。对动词短语的固定搭配的熟记和掌握在学习动词短语中起着极其重要的作用。下面我们简单介绍一下动词短语的含义及其分类。
一、动词短语的概述及分类
动词常与其他词类（多是介词和副词）搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为动词短语。一般动词短语可分为以下几类：
1. 及物动词＋介词
这类结构中的介词不能与动词分开，宾语只能放在介词之后。常见短语有：agree with同意……的意见，符合，一致；ask for请求，询问；arrive at／in到达;begin with以……开始;come from来自;feel like想要;fall behind落在……后面;fall off掉下;get to到达;get on上(车) 。
【考题例析】
If you ___any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside
【解析】答案 C。本题题意为“当你到机场时如果有任何问题，请给我打电话。”come up with 提出，赶上，拿出；set about 开始，着手，散布谣言；run into 遇到；put aside 把……放在一边。
2. 动词＋副词
这类结构中宾语放在副词之前、之后均可，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在副词之前。如果宾语过长，则应放在副词之后。常见短语有：eat up吃光；find out找出，查明；put off 推迟；look out 当心；come out 出版；go off 走火，熄灭；keep out 使不进入。
【考题例析】
Before the war broke out, many people ___in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.
A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away
【解析】 答案 B。本题题意为“在战争爆发之前，许多人把他们不能够带上的财物放在安全的地方。”throw away抛弃，失去；put away把……收起来；give away赠送，放弃；carry away带走，搬去， 冲昏……的头脑。
3. 动词＋副词＋介词
这类结构中，介词的宾语不能置于介词之前。常见短语有be fed up with厌倦；catch up with赶上；go on with继续；get on with与……相处。
【考题例析】
The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ________ our studies.
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
【解析】 答案 A。此题意为“期末考试将至，我们该开始认真学习了。” get down to认真对待，认真考虑；get out出去，泄露；get back for回来，取回，恢复；get over恢复，完成，克服。
4. 动词＋名词＋介词
常见短语有：take care of照料,照顾；make room for给……腾出地方；make friends with与……交朋友；play a joke on戏弄某人；have a look at看一看；have a drink of喝一点；say goodbye to告别；告辞。
【考题例析】
Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature their daily life.
A. plays in B. playing C. plays of D. to play in
【解析】 答案 A。本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。解题关键在于识别短语play an important part in……。其中宾语part作先行词，所以定语从句中缺宾语，应用关系代词which /that 引导定语从句，而且可以省略。
5. Be动词＋形容词＋介词
常见短语有：be late for迟到；be angry with生气；be busy with忙于；be short for是……的简称；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be good at擅长；be different from与……不同；be good／bad for对……有益／害；be friendly to对……友好。
【考题例析】
The students studied hard. They were ___for knowledge.
A. worry B. worried C. eager D. curious
【解析】 答案 C。be worried about为……担心； be eager for盼望，渴求；be curious about 对……好奇。根据句意可知答案为C。
6. 动词＋反身代词＋介词
常见短语有：help oneself to 随便吃……；give oneself to 热心于；occupy oneself with 忙于；enjoy oneself 玩得开心；dressed oneself in 穿着；break oneself to (去掉……的习惯＝get rid of ) ；devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身；throw oneself to 投身于……。
【考题例析】
She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers.
A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying
【解析】 答案 D。本题考查固定短语devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身于……，其中to 为介词，所以选D。
二、2005高考真题演练
1. Before building a house, you will have to ___the government's permission. (2005 全国卷II)
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for
2. ---Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else____, is there? (2005 北京卷)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
3. If it is quite ____to you, I'll visit you next Tuesday.(2005天津卷)
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
4. His idea of having weekly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first, has ____many good changes in their lives. (2005重庆卷)
A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about
5. ---You know, Bob is a little slow____ understanding.
---So I have to be patient ___him. (2005重庆卷)
A. in ; with B. on ; with C. in ; to D. at ; for
6. I couldn’t ____.The line was busy. (2005 浙江卷)
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
7. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ___his notes. (2005浙江卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
8. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.(2005福建卷)
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
9. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _____.(2005湖南卷)
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
10. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ____yesterday? ( 2005辽宁卷)
A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on
【答案与解析】
1. 答案 D。ask for one’s permission 征求某人的允许。
2. 答案 B。 turn to sb 转向，求助于某人。此句no one 为先行词，she can turn to 为定语从句。
3. 答案 A。if it is convenient to you，如果你方便的话。
4. 答案 D。 get through度过，完成； result from 由于……的原因；bring about 使发生,引起，导致。
5. 答案 A。be patient with sb 为固定短语。意思为：对……很耐心。
6. 答案D。go by 时光流逝；get in 收割;get through 通过，度过，完成。此处句意为“打通电话”。
7. 答案 B。bring up 抚养长大；refer to 提到，查阅，参考；look for 寻找；try on 试穿。
8. 答案 B。turn out 结果是；come out 出来，出版； start out 开始；go out 出去。
9. 答案A。 cut in 插嘴; cut down 砍倒; cut out 停止作用; cut up 切碎。
10. 答案 C。try on 试穿; put on 穿上； have on 穿着; pull on 匆匆穿上。
希望大家多多练习。
最后， 我们来看看非谓语动词。
非谓语动词，顾名思义就是不能做谓语的动词，包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。对于非谓语动词我们可以参照：非谓语动词用法比较与高考试题、非谓语动词的不同时态、非谓语动词选择题七十、非谓语动词填空题三十
对于非谓语动词这块，在后期我们还会进行进一步地讲解。
E. 急求非谓语的语法知识点
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
参考资料：http://www.huanggao.net/course/40430/YY_22_02_012/
F. 初中英语语法非谓语动词
实意动词除作谓语外，还有不能单独作谓语的形式，即非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：不定式，动名词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动名词
动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，特点是只能作句子的主语和宾语，但是没有单复数形式之分，在此不再赘述。
动词不定式
动词不定式在句子中可以充当主语，宾语(表语)，定语，状语，和宾语补足语。
不定式充当主语常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如：
It
is
very
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
ten
minutes.
It
means
failure
to
lose
your
heart.
不定式充当宾语一般表示短暂的或尚未发生的行为。例如:
I
like
drinking
tea
in
usual,but
today
I
like
to
have
a
little
wine.
After
walking
for
a
whole
day,
Tom
only
wanted
to
sleep.
注意当不定式作宾语时如果有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，例：Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
不定式作定语一般要后置，例如：①Allen
is
the
best
man
to
take
this
job.②He
found
a
good
house
to
live
in.
不定式作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，常见该类动词有:
want,
wish,
ask,
tell,
order,
beg,
permit,
help,
advise,
persuade,
allow,
prepare,
cause,
force,
call
on,
wait
for,
invite.
有些动词如make,
let,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要to,
如：
I
saw
him
cross
the
road.
He
was
seen
to
cross
the
road.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
he
didn’t
go
to
the
cinema.
不定式作状语通常有以下几种用法：
表目的：He
worked
day
and
night
to
get
the
money.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
表结果：He
arrived
late
to
find
the
train
gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I
visited
him
only
to
find
him
out.
表原因：They
were
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
表程度：It’s
too
dark
for
us
to
see
anything.
作独立成分：To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don’t
like
the
way
he
talked.
注意①不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。If
you
don’t
want
to
do
it,
you
don’t
need
to.②不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。He
wished
to
study
medicine
and
become
a
doctor
分词
分词在句子中可以充当定语，补语和状语。注意在区分使用现在还是过去分词时，最简洁有效的方法是看分词与被修饰词的关系。如果分词的动作是被修饰词发出的，就使用现在分词；如果分词的动作是被修饰词承受的，就使用过去分词。例如：
作状语：
①Listening
to
the
music,Tom
cleaned
the
house.（听音乐的动作也是由Tom发出的）
②Blamed
by
his
father,
the
boy
left
home
without
words.（the
boy是责骂的承受者）
注意当动作由被修饰者发出但是分词的动作与主句的动作有明显时间差时，要使用现在分词的完成时，例如：
Having
finished
all
the
homework,
Mary
helped
her
mother
with
the
housework.做完功课之后，玛丽帮妈妈做家务。
作定语和宾语补足语：
The
interesting
boy
makes
people
interested.这个有趣的小男孩让人们很感兴趣。（boy是动作的发出者，所以用现在分词修饰；people是承受者，所以用过去分词修饰）
The
annoying
noise
made
all
students
annoyed.恼人的噪音让学生们都很恼火。（noise是动作的发出者，所以用现在分词修饰；students是承受者，所以用过去分词修饰）
动词现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别见单词总结。
G. 初中英语语法题~！有关动词非谓语，求详解~!
1 help一般情况下是及物动词help sb，with sth，要么就是help （to）do
2 will 后跟动词原形，不管please，help的用法见上
3 have sth done意思是请别人做某事版，比如去权剪头发，have hair cut
4 waste （时间）doing sth 固定用法
5 busy doing，do是及物动词，do housework，不用加with，你可能跟be busy with sth混淆了，一个有动词，一个直接跟sth
6 enter是及物动词，所以排除B，参加会议一般就用attend a meeting，AC一般用于活动，游戏之类的
7 首先是stay at hotel，不可以说stay hotel，在旅馆休息，排除AB，D的形式是错的，如果B加个at就对了