初三英语句子语法

㈠ 初三英语语法点

独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。
(时间)改为从句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，天安门广场显得美丽动人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。

1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….

用独立主格结构改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….

用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3） The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (从福州来的火车)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)
6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say

一致
英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致
一、主语与谓语的一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。
I am a doctor.我是个医生。

二、概念一致
1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。
由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。
如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。
2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。
3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。
China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
如：There were many people waiting outside. 有许多人在外面等着。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕凶手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备) ,furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数，
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已经到达，毫无损坏。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工厂里的所有机械都是中国制造的，
4.不定代词either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。
如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
没有一架飞机、没有一个飞行员已准备好起飞。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
这有两本书，都值得一读。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
这两本词典都没收入这个字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了，没有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有两个姐妹，一个在这儿，一个不在这儿。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。
5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。
例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数.
如：Many a person is far his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。
如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很长。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美，
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困难的事情我们马上做。不可能的事情需要稍微长一点的时间。
还有the unknown(未知的事物)，the unexpected(出乎意料的事)，等等。
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。
如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。
类似的还有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一个小组委员会)，
如：A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时，谓语动词用单数;若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
三、就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。
如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
这儿有一支笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。
如：Where is your mother and sisters?
你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次比赛。
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。
如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
这个姑娘和那些那孩子一样也学会了开汽车。

二、代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致，
如：One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在写作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一个不定代词，而且所有格要与其一致。

三、肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时，须作相应的变化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意：“so/neither+助动词/情态动词+名词/代词”结构中须用倒装语序，
如：My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.

㈡ 初中三年学过的英语句型 /语法.

呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
1. 形容词的用法：
形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。
The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那个。
--Which one? 哪一个?
--The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?
2、人称代词：
是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。
主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?
3、可数名词和不可数名词
英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。
(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
(2)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成，否定形式则在句前加Don’t.
Stand up, please. 请起立。
Don’t worry. 别担心。
can的用法：
can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t.
She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
5、现在进行时态：
概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。
结构：由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。
--What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?
--I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?

动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：
动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下：
1) 直接在动词后加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此，这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now，只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?
--Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?
6、have/ has的用法：
1) 谓语动词have表示“有”，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。
It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。
2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。
They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。
There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。
We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成，回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?
--No, they don’t. 不，他们的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。
What do they have? 他们有什么?
What does he have? 他有什么?
How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?
7、介词用法：
1) 具体时间前介词用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。
2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。
in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午，at night在夜里
3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。
4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?
He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。
8、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。
其动词形式是：动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does
1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。
I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。
3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+don’t”。
–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?
--No, I don’t. 不，我不喜欢。
一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。
I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。
It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。
主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时
一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。
The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。
转换成否定句要加doesn’t，其后的动词用原形。
Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn’t feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。
转换成一般疑问句，句首用Does，其后的动词用原形。
Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗?
Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?

㈢ 初三英语语法有哪些

你指的是只初三，还是初中三年的。
没想语法，要讲清楚，都不易，只初三的也不容易了。

㈣ 初三英语语法总结~~~~

句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
1、主语：
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)（比较好看，避免头重脚轻）
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，在主语后接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］（现在完成时）+［语态助动词］（如被动语态）+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式：
①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）
③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）---表示一般将来时/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）
④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）
⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
(5)谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词；
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are
一般过去时be(是)动词；
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were
一般现在时have(有)动词；
现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外） 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同
记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)
3、宾语：又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语（经常指被做的人）指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。) (不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。) (动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)
(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语：
(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语：
(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠词/
物代 年龄/形状/
大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。
(7) 注意：由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

6、状语：
(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六•2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”；介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七•4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八•7》“动词的非谓语形式”；从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”。
(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。
(5) 注意：由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

7、宾语补足语：
(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如：Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来！)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况 （略）

㈤ 九年级英语的一些句型和语法

什么版本的？推荐魏训刚的
中考语法完全突破，里面初中阶段的都有了。

㈥ （初三）关于英语句子翻译的语法问题

我用序号代表句子来说吧。①没问题，thought 跟it's不矛盾,i thought that 后面可以是个句子。这样写就对了。②say 改为speak(speak English 属于固定用法)③there 后面加are ④be control of 改为control就可以了，没有这种用法。⑤what加上去显得有点奇怪，可以去掉，去掉后句子还是正确，更为通顺。后面两句语法没错。

㈦ 初三英语句子,要求语法准确无误，急急急

如图有啥不懂就追问。同初三

㈧ 求初三英语的所有语法，句型。

冠词讲解
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分，就好像“鱼儿离不开水”一样。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词两种，它们在英语中使用率极高，也是历年来中考的考查重点。
冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆：
泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。
【注】（1）泛指用a / an，单数可数——泛指的可数名词单数前要用a / an。如：I want an apple.
（2）特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。如：The pencil is mine. / I don’t like the pencils on the desk.
（3）不特不the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a / an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。如：I like monkeys. / I don’t like bread.

一、不定冠词的基本用法
1. 第一次提到的人或事物：
I bought _____________（一辆自行车）yesterday.
There is _____________（一块橡皮）on the desk.
2. 表示有某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物：
_____________（一个学生）is looking for you.
3. 表示一类人或事物中的任何一个：
_____________（火车）is faster than _____________（汽车）.
_____________（大象）is stronger than _____________（马）.
4. 虽然有“一”的含义，但不强调数量：
I have _____________（一个姐姐）. Her name is Lily.
5. 用于表示时间、长度、价格等的单位名词前，表“每一”，相当于every：
You should take this medicine _____________________（一天三次）.
The apples are three yuan _____________（每公斤）.
6. 习惯用法：
a few___________, a little___________, a lot of___________, a number of_____________,
have a rest_____________, take / have a look_____________, make a face_____________,
in a hurry_____________, for a while_____________ …

记忆口诀
不定冠词a或an，表“一”但不强调“一”；人或事物首次提，单位名词前“每一”；
表示有人、有某物，何人何物不具体；强调类别任一个，习惯用法记心里。

二、a和an用法巧记
1. a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意：要看读音是元音开头还是辅音开头，而不是根据字母。如_______________（一个小时），_______________（一把雨伞）等。
如果名词前有修饰语，那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。如：___________________（一本有用的书），___________________（一个诚实的男孩），
___________________（一个不高兴的女孩），__________________（一个不寻常的故事）等。
2. a, e, i, o, 这四个元音字母，以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这八个辅音字母单独使用时，因其发音均以元音开头，所以要用an。我们可以用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr. Li has one fox.（李先生有一只狐狸。）举例如下：
This time I got ___________（一个A）in my homework.
There is ___________（一个n）in the word “lend”.
I bought ___________（a / an）MP5 yesterday.
3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前要用an，其他用a。如：
That is an eight-meter-wide bridge.
He is only an 11-year-old boy.
I had a talk with an 80-year-old man on the street yesterday.

三、定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如：
Where is ______________？老师在哪里？
2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如：
I can see a cat. ______________ is Lucy’s. 我能看见一只猫，那只猫是露茜的。
3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
______________ goes around ______________. 地球围绕着太阳转。
4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如：
He is always ______________ to get to school. 他总是第一个到校。
Mike is ______________ of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
5. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Great Wall（长城） the People’s Park（人民公园 ）
6. 用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如：
in the day（在白天） play the piano（弹钢琴）

记忆口诀
特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。

四、零冠词的用法
1. 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时，不用冠词。如：this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。
2. 泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。
3. 复数名词表示泛指时，不用冠词。如：The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。
4. 在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如：Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。5. 在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / football等。
6. 在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如：autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, Sunday, February等。
7. 在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如：white, brown, French, Australia等。
8. 在表示称呼语的名词之前，以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如：
Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家。
记忆口诀
代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，
学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。

五、有无定冠词意思迥异
英语中有些名词，如bed, class, hospital, school, church等，当不强调这次词所表示的场所，只强调它们的专门作用时，前面不带定冠词；否则要加定冠词。如：
1. at table在进餐 at the table在桌旁
2. at desk做读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁
3. at school在上学，在求学（是学生） at the school在学校里（不一定是学生）
4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海边
5. in class在上课 in the class在班里
6. in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱
7. in bed卧床，睡觉 in the bed在床上
8. in front of在……的前面 in the front of在……的前部
9. go to bed去睡觉 go to the bed到床边或床前
10. go to hospital入院治疗 go to the hospital去医院（不一定是病人）
11. go to church去教堂做礼拜、做祷告 go to the church去教堂（为了别的目的）
12. go to school去上学（不强调场所） go to the school到学校去（开家长会等）

冠词练习
一、在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划 / 。
1．There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．
2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．
3．_______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4．_______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．
5．Let's go out for _______ walk．
6．It's too hot．Open _______ door, please．
7．There is _______ woman over there．_______ woman is Meimei's mother．
8．_______ sun rises in _______ east．
9．_______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
10．This is _______ second time I have been here.
11．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
12．_______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street．
13．He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995．
14．_____ old man is _____ teacher．He likes playing _____ basketball after _____ supper．
15．After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school．
二、选择填空。
（ ）1．—Does Jim have _______ ruler？
—Yes，he has _______．
A．an；some B．a；one C．a；／ D．any；one
（ ）2．There is _______ old bike． _______ old bike is Mr. Zhao's．
A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The
（ ）3．_______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay．
A．The B．A C．An D．Two
（ ）4．—How many books do you have？
—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．
A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one
（ ）5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
（ ）6．_______ tiger is from _______ China．
A．The；a B．A；the C．The；/ D．The；the
（ ）7．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night．
A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／
（ ）8．_______ useful book it is！
A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What
（ ）9．One afternoon he found ___ handbag．There was ___ “s” on the corner of __ handbag．
A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a
（ ）10．_______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting．
A．An；an；a B．The；／；an C．The；／；a D．The；／；the
（ ）11．_______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world．
A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a
（ ）12．Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school？
A．／；／ B．／；the C．the；／ D．a；／
（ ）13．The museum is quite far．It will take you half _____ hour to get there by _____ bus．
A．an；／ B．an；a C．a；／ D．／；／
（ ）14．Beijing is _______ beautiful city．It's _______ capital of China．
A．a；a B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the
（ ）15．She has _______ orange skirt． _______ skirt is nice．
A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The
（ ）26. Cindy is ________ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.（2010 河北省）
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

㈨ 初三英语语法

呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 记得采纳O(∩_∩)O哈！

九年级英语复习---语法讲解（1-7单元）
Unit1
By是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种： 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如： By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？ 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如： I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）★作主语（这种用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？3）作表语Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。

否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t ＋ 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示过去的习惯动作， 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用，描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员，但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
 一、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：

二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下： 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
例如：我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语＋had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．

Unit4
虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
请比较：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，be动词只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办？”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。

Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can’t
can ★ √
√

1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）
3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）
4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。
1．定语从句中that与who、which的区别

 

2．定语从句中关系词的省略

 

 典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where     B. why      C. which     D. that
解析：指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.（改为同义词）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改为同义句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：读题后可知：上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”，对应下句，可知空格处应填“戴”，故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which    B．what    C．who    D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which    B．what    C．／    D．who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does     B．who do     C．which does    D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that     B．where     C．which     D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what    B．which    C．why    D．that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子

a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to     b. I’d like to     c. I’d love to      d. I want to

She would like to go to New York. （对划线部分提问）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中为副词，go后面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be

㈩ 初中英语句子的类型 与语法知识总结

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