Ⅰ 人教版新目标英语初一上册语法归纳
语法;一般现在时
肯定句;主语(l,we,you,they)+动词原形+其他内
主语(he,she,it)+第三人称单数形容式+其他
否定句;主语(l,we,you,they)+don't+动原+其他
主语(he,she,is)+动原+其他
一般疑问句;do+主语(l,we,you,they)+动原+其他?
do+主语she,is+动原+其他
特殊疑问句;特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词;what,who,when,time,where,which,whose,how,howold,
代词;人称代词;l,you,he,she,it,we,they
物主代词;my,your,his,her,its,our,their
复习顺序;1.单词2.词组3.课文4.语法5.练习和试卷6.综合题7.作文
Ⅱ 初一上册英语所有重点
初一上册英语所有知识点及练习:【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on ty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Welcome to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see? I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on ty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法;2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;4. 冠词的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on 在表示空间位置时,in表示在某个空间的范围以内,on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如: There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。例如: You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。 Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。 This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子。 (2)在打电话的用语中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是对方。例如: This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁?3. There be/ haveThere be "有",其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! What’s that over there? 看!那边那个是什么?单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才能带宾语,如:He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么?Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse :“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成员”。例如:Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于: (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细",形容人时表示的是"身体健康",也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如:Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指"品德好",形容物时指"质量好",是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好",但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好,谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在:1. 动词be的用法;2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;4. 冠词的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语,空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用定冠词the。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) ---What _______ the number of the girls in your class? ---About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案:A。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语,应该是单数第三人称,动词be变为is。4. (2004年陕西省中考试题) There _______ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”,不能和动词have混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. ---What colour is the bike? ---It’s _______ orange.A. an B. a C. / D. the2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________. A. my B. I C. mine D. me3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice. ---__________________. A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on6. ---________ is your coat? ---The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How7. ---________ is the toy? ---It’s on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher. A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after11. ---Whose dress is this? ---It’s _________. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with13. There is a bird ______ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of14. There are many ________ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman teacher C. women teacher D. women teachers15. ---Is there a ball under the desk? ---______________________. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be17. ---Let me help you. ---_______________. A. You’re welcome B. Thanks very much C. Don’t worry D. Yes, thanks18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a19. ---What _____ five plus six? ---It’s eleven. A. am B. is C. are D. /20. ---What ______ you see in the picture? ---I can see some flowers. A. must B. can C. are D. do二. 完形填空 This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers2. A. look B. do C. see D.put3. A. at B. after C. for D. up4. A. on B. of C. in D. to5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. How is9. A. his B. her C. our D. their10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very三. 在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语 (A) (B)1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6.2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you.3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.4. What row are you in? D. It is ten.5. What’s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too.6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is.8. Who’s not here? H. It’s here.9. Where is the bag? I. It’s a book.10. What is this in English? J. How do you do?四. 完成对话:在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?Ann: Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.Jim: _____________3______________?Sam: She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.Jim: _______________4_______________.Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?Mary: _______________5_______________.Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!Mary: Yes, thank you.A. Who’s MaryB. OK, let’s goC. Oh, no it’s not mineD. Oh, yes. It’s mineE. Is it yours五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)? ---No, they aren’t ________ (we)5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).7. I have two ________ (baby).8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.
Ⅲ 初一上册英语重点语法
英语语法口诀21条:
1、英语的词类
句子要由词组成,
英语词类有十种:
句中成分用实词,
名、代、动、副、数、形容:
冠、介、连词和感叹,
虚词附加或沟通。
词类功能掌握了,
造句之时好运用。
2、语序歌
主、谓、宾、表同汉语,
定语有同也有异。
状语位置更特殊,
不能全和汉语比。
3、肯定句变一般疑问句
have和be提句首,
其它助词Do开头。
时间、人称由do变,
动词只把原形留。
谓语助词有几个,
第一助词提句首。
4、肯定句变否定句
否定词语加not,
放在be和have后。
其它要加动词do,
do的后面加not,
时间、人称由do变,
动词原形总保留。
谓语若是助词多,
not紧跟第一个。
5、名词的所有格
名词只变数,
不分主宾格。
人和动物类,
可变所有格。
撇(’)后加s,
相当汉语“的”。
时间、距离等,
也变所有格。
6、名词变复数
单数变为复数式,
加上“s”统言之。
下列结尾名词后,
要加“s”先加“e”:
发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z],
或是辅音加“o”时。
有些名词变复数,
词尾变化要注意:
“y”前字母是辅音,
一律变“y”为“ie”;
遇到“f/fe”,
有时需要变“ve”
少数名词不规则,
特别情况靠硬记。
7、时间名词前所有介词的速记
年月周前要用in,
日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用“on”,
上午下午又是“in”。
要说某日上下午,
用on换in才能行。
午夜黄昏用at,
黎明用它也不错。
at也在时分前,
说“差”用to,
说“过”要用past。
8、介词用法歌
介词加宾语,
才能有实意。
表、定、状、宾、补,
词组在句里。
9、介词顺口溜
in 在……里,
out在……外,
在旁边的是beside,
靠近的为by。
on在……上,
under在……下,
above在上头,
below在底下。
10、be的用法歌
动词be,变化大,
“I”用“am”“You”用“are”
Is用于它(it)、他(he)、她(she)
复数一定要用“are”,
切莫用错闹笑话。
11、动词的时态
四种时间各四式,
联想对比便于记。
时间现在和过去,
各自还有将来时。
一般、完成、进行式,
完成进行是四式。
四四共有十六种,
看来复杂掌握易;
除去have/be以外,
动词变化有规律。
12、动词形式的变化
动词根本是原形,
变化形式有四种:
原形词尾加“s”,
现在第三单人称;
过去原形加“ed”,
过去分词也相同;
原形加上“ing”,
现在分词或动名。
原形词尾加“s”,
如同名词复数式。
若加“ed/ing”,
以下情况要注意:
词尾有ie只加d,
Ing去掉无声e;
词尾ie变成y,
然后再加ing;
辅音之后y结尾,
Y要变i加ed;
现在分词不变y,
直接加上ing;
词尾重读闭音节,
结尾辅音都双写,
r做结尾也一样,
重读音节r双写;
结尾字母若是“t”,
不是重读也双写。
过去分词过去式,
不按规则也有些。
13、动词不定式不带to的动词
四看(notice,observe,see,watch),
三使役(have,let,make),
二听(hear,listen to),
一感觉(feel)。
按:在上述动词后做宾语补语用的不定式不带to。
14、非谓语动词
动词不做调话用,
不定、分调与动名。
to加原形不定式,
词组可做名、副、形。
分调现在和过去,
相当副词和形容。
原形加上“ing”,
动词具有名词性。
15、基数词变序数词(之一)
基变序,有规律,
词尾字母tdd。①
八减t,九减e,
f要把ve替。②
ty把y变成i,
记住山前有个e。③
① 指first、second、third。
② 指eight去掉t,nine去掉e,five和twelve去掉ve加上f。
③ 指twenty→twentieth等。
16、基数词变序数词(之二)
第一、二、三要全变,①
其余“th”加后边,②
“th”里有例外,
你需格外记明白:
八减t,九减e,③
字母f代ve,④
ty变tie。⑤
① one-first,two-second,three-third。
② four-fourth,seven-seventh,hundred-hundredth。.
③ eight-eighth ,nine-ninth。
④ five-fifth,twelve-twelfth。
⑤ twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth。
17、There be的位置和用法
说明何时何地有,
there be在主语前。
随着主语第一个,
be的形式做变换。
18、be going的用法
be going是助动词,
后跟加to不定式。
说明“准备”或“就要”,
时间人称只变be。
19、have+got
have作为动词“有”,
情态动词have;
have got惯用语,
got可有也可无。
若变否定疑问,
去掉got再加do;
或把have提句首,
not加在have后。
20、以or结尾的词
售票员班长(照)镜子,
蓖麻教授(找)医生。
按:有些同学常把-or结尾的词误拼为-er结尾的词。初中课本1-6册只有六个以-or结尾的词。它们是:doctor n.医生(第一册);monitor n班长(第二册);conctor n.售票员(第四册);mirror n镜子(第五册);castor n蓖麻(第六册);professor n教授(第六册)。
21、以f(e)结尾的名词复数
以f(e)结尾的名词,在中学课本里,出现了不少。其名词复数形式:有的直接在-f(e)后加s;有的要改-f(e)为ve再加-s;个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchief→handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。似乎不易记住这些规则,可只要记只下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了。
妻子持刀去宰狼,
小偷吓得发了慌;
躲在架后保己命,
半片树叶遮目光。
按:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以上-f(s)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同(如myself→ourselves;yourself→yourselves;himelf,herself,itself→themselves)。
Ⅳ 人教版七年级英语上册重点短语总汇,语法总结
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么?
-主语+be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例: -what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例:Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例:Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是:
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式(也叫现在分词),表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于(做)某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型/日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷/短/直发
medium height/build 中等高度/身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如:do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如:play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如:play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看电影
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备(数学)考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/在下午/在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
(1)I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好;不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”,“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事(to可省)
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事(整个过程)
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样?=what about…
in fact 事实上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩= The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意/无所谓/不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如:What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型(即系动词原型be+表语+其他)。
如:Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如:Don’t be angry.
2)Do型(即系动词原形+宾语+其他)。如:
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如:Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)如:
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如:
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事“)如:
No smoking! 严禁吸烟!
No talking! 不许交谈!
No passing! 禁止通行!
No parking! 不许停车
Ⅳ 人教版最全的七年级上册英语语法整理
1.一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词) We clean the room every day.
一般现在时:do(n't)/does(n't)
2.一般过去时:主语+did We cleaned the room just now.
一般过去式:did(n't)+V.原
3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now.
现在进行时:am(not)/is(n't)/are(n't)+V.ing
4.过去进行时:was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
过去进行时:was(n't)/were(n't)+V.ing
5.现在完成时: have/has done We have cleaned the room already.
现在完成时:have(n't)/has(n't)+过去分词(p.p.)
6.过去完成时: had done We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
过去完成时:had+p.p.
7.一般将来时: will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow.
一般将来时:will(not)+V.ing / is(n't)/are(n't)+going to +V.原
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do He said he would clean the room next
过去将来时:would(n't) / was(n't)/were(n't)+V.原
动词不定式:to+V.ing
一、 一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① am /is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are +doing
否定形式:am/is/are +not+doing
一般疑问句:把be动词放在句首
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/were +not+doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放在句首
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently,lately,since...,for...,in the past few years,etc.
基本结构:have/has +done
否定形式:have/has +not+done
一般疑问句:have/has放于句首
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某一时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month...),etc.
基本结构:had +done
否定形式:had +not+done
一般疑问句:had放于句首
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall+do
否定形式:①am/is/are +not+going to +do;② will/shall+not+do
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;② will/shall提到句首
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning,year...),the following month(week...),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to +do;② would/should +do
否定形式:①was/were/not+going to +do;②would/should +not+do
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首
take sb sth=take sth to sb
play sports=do sports
a lot of=lofs of
want+名词 想要某物
当主语是人want to do sth想做某事
当主语是物want doing 意思同上
12个月及说出生年月的顺序
go不能直接跟宾语(除了副词外,如:go home,go here,go there)
play直接加体育运动,不能直接加乐器,要加上a或the,如:play a guitar
介词后跟名词代词动名词
at+时间,如:at 7:00
主语+谓语+宾语(my name is lin)
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
Ⅵ 初一英语上册重点语法归纳
一般现在时,主语单复数,谓语是 am or is are
Ⅶ 人教版英语七年级上册主要学习哪些语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women.
2. 房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。
6. 这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。