❶ 高一上期英语语法归纳
Unit16:Word Formation:Compounds(合成词)
合成词是英语惟一能自显隐喻语义的词汇类型,其特定的形态结构能独立展示不同概念域中事物相似性.从语言认知的角度出发,探讨本体隐喻、方位隐喻、结构隐喻等认知模式和文学、历史、科技、习俗、语言等社会文化积淀对隐喻性英语合成词构成的影响.
motor + hotel--motel（汽车旅馆）；smoke + fog--smog（烟雾）；breakfast + lunch--brunch（早中饭）;来个稍难一点的：electro + execution --electrocution（电刑，电死），而我们挂在口边的chinglish其实就是Chinese + English.
Unit17:Subject-Verb Agreement(主谓一致)
虽然主谓一致涉及的语法规则有多条,但面临高考的同学应特别关注以下几点:
一、动词不定式短语、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what引导从句作主语时,在下列情况下,主句谓语动词多用复数形式:①表语为复数名词时;②what引导的从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时。如:
Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me.
What he’d like is a digital watch.
What we have to learn are the pieces of language that proce inversion.
What I say and think are no business of yours.
二、在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与其先行词保持一致。但在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,从句的谓语常用复数形式;而在“the (only) one of +复数名词+定语从句” 的结构中,从句的谓语常用单数形式。试比较:
I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.
I was the(only) one of the persons in my office who was invited.
三、“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。如:
Two-fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
More than ten percent of the workers are from Paris.
四、由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数通常遵循“就近一致”的原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式依最接近它的主语而定。特别要注意疑问句中谓语动词的形式。如:
Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.
－ Are either you or he to go there ?
－ Neither is.
Neither the president of the company nor the sales manager is a college graate.
五、and / both...and...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。若and连接的两部分指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。如:
His lawyer and parents were with him on his trip to Europe.
Both rice and wheat are grown in our country.
Whisky and Soda is always my favorite drink.
(Whisky and Soda意为“威士忌汽水酒”,指同一物)
Your colleague and former college friend is coming to our home tomorrow.
(主语部分意为“你的同事,就是你那位大学时的朋友”,指同一人)
六、在each...and each...,every...and every...,no ... and no...,many a.../more than a(an, one)...等结构之后,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Every man and (every) woman is to take part in the election.
Many a child likes it.(=Many children like it.)
七、一些以-ics结尾的学科名词,如mathematics /politics / physics以及news/works(工厂)/means等在形式上似乎是名词的复数形式,但多用作单数名词,此类名词作主语时,谓语动词一般使用单数形式。如:
The paper works was built in 1990.
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
八、一些“成双成套”的名词,如
trousers /pants /glasses /clothes /shoes /scissors/compasses(圆规)等用作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;若此类名词前有a (the/this) pair of /a suit of等量词修饰时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。如:
My glasses are broken. I have to buy a new pair.
The pair of shoes under the bed belongs to Tom.
九、若主语是由“a kind of/a series of等+名词”构成时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;但在“these/those kind/type of+复数名词”之后,谓语动词则常用复数形式。如:
This kind of men is dangerous.
These kind of tests are good.
Unit18&19:The use of It(It的用法)
1.做代词，代替刚提到的过的一件事情。
a. 可以指一个具体的东西。b. 可以指前面所谈的事情或情况.
eg. a. It’s a nice room.
b.You promised to write the article, and you must do it.
2.做代词代替指示代词 this, that
eg. ---What’s this? ------ It’s a flag.
3.起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物，it 所指的东西不很具体。
a.有时指某个动作的人。b .有时指引起某种情况的事物。
eg. a.. ----Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me.
b.It’s the wind shaking the window.
4.指环境，情况等。
eg. It’s very quiet at the moment.
5.指自然现象（天气，气候，明暗等）
eg. I’s getting cold (dark, late, etc.).
6.指季节，时间
eg. It was late autume (early spring, mid summer, etc).
7.指距离
eg.It’s only five miles (half an hour’s walk).
8.用于强调结构，在这里it 可以说没有意思。它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调，改变结构的办法是：
IT + be + 要强调的部分+ that(who, whom) + 句子其他部分
强调的部分是人用who(m), 其他情况多用that
eg. It was Mary who (that) met your sister in the zoo yesterday.
It was your sister that (whom) Mary met in the zoo yesterday.
It was in the zoo that (where) Mary met your sister yesterday.
9.做形式主语，代替一个由不定式，动名词短语或是从句表示的主语，使原来的这些主语可以放在句子后部，避免头重脚轻。
a. 真正的主语是不定式。
Eg.It’s our ty to attend to this letter.
b.真正的主语是动名词。
Eg.It’s no use talking to him about it.
c.真正的主语是从句， 这个从句可以用that 引起，也可以用一个连接代词或连接副词引起。
Eg.It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
It’s doubtful whether she will be able to come..
10.做形式宾语，代替一个由不定式，动名词，或是宾语从句，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面。而用it做形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前.
Eg.I think it no use arguing with him.
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“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。现将it用法归纳如下：
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：
It’s no good/use doing…
It’s (well)worth doing…
It’s (well)worth one’s while doing/to do It’s (well)worth while doing/ to do
2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
（1）It is + noun +从句
（2）.It is adj. +clause
It’s surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It’s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…
（3）It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
（4）It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
（5）It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型：
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。
六、It 常用的固定搭配
如 make it (1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。I wish it can be helpful to you !!!
❷ 高一英语主要涉及到哪些语法
首先，我送你一个语法网站，看样子你语法有待加强啊！！
被动语态
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行
同"。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用来发电。
7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel.
今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
过去完成时也是一样：
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December.
被动： By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
❸ 高一英语上学期大概学什么语法
1.直接引语和间接引语
2.定语从句,这是重点
❹ 高一旳英语重点语法昰什么,.
语法方面：主谓一致，only
引导的半倒装，定语从句，非限制性定语从句，it
的用法，强调句，v.ing
的用法
基础知识：每个单元的单词，词组，短语，句子
❺ 高一英语要学哪些语法
高一英语必修一语法要点一． 一般现在时1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等例如：I am a girl.2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.3. 标志性的词语Always often sometimes now and then 4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现二． 现在进行时1． 说话时正在进行的动作例如：I am reading.2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语例如：The plane is going to Beijing.3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、All the time等例如：I am always thinking of you.三． 倍数比较1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B例如：The class is twice as big as that one.2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height\depth\+of+B例如：The class is twice the size of that class.四． With的复合结构1． With+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语2.常用结构○1with+宾语+doing表主动与进行例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.○2with+宾语+done表被动与完成例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.○3with+宾语+to do表将来例如：With so many thing to deal with.五． 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1．基本表达式（I have been doing ） I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. 2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） 3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) 4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。 例如：They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 例如：I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 I have been knowing... 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。 注意：比较过去时与现在完成时1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 六．过去完成时1． 概念：表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2． 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 例如：He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 七．现在完成进行时1．其构成形式如下： I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词 He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 注意： 现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好. He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。 6．否定句构成： 主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词 7．一般疑问句构成: Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他好好努力吧！
❻ 求高一上学期的英语短语和语法大全（不要百度文库的）
有难度，真的，高一上短语多语法难
❼ 高一学期的英语语法主要教什么
主要是
名词性从句
定语从句
小知识点还有一个
强调句
希望能帮到你
谢谢
❽ 高一英语学哪些语法
从句：主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
时态：将来进行时，过去完成时，过去进行时……
谓语：系动词，非谓语……