英语各类从句语法知识

A. 英语的语法知识是指什么

高考复习时，主要的语法项目框架大致是：
一、语音和朗读技巧：
包括26个字母及其读音、规范书写
英语国际音标：48个音标的规范发音（口型、舌位、气流强弱等）
常见的发音技巧和读音规则
二、词法：
英语10种词类，以及各种词类的基本知识、特殊应用等
三、句法：
简单句：这是所有句法知识的基础
并列句：各种功能的连词组成的并列句
复合句：包括三种主要类型——
名词性从句——主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句——定语从句
副词性从句———状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
四、修辞类的语法知识——主要有：
倒 装
强调句式
虚拟语气
省略知识 及插入语
五、实用型语法知识：
直接引语变间接引语
主谓一致
九种基本时态（在初中基础上多了【现在完成进行时】）
被动语态——
各种时态对应的被动语态形式
不用被动语态的习惯表达形式
it 用法
非谓语动词（不定式、过去分词、动词v-ing 形式）

其中，后面三大类【三、四、五】都是高中语法主要学习的对象。
祝你开心如意！O(∩_∩)O~~

B. 英语中的所有语法知识点

1.
各类词性，如：冠词、名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、动内词容、助动词、情态动词等等；
2.
句子的分类：简单句；复合句，包括并列复合句和主从复合句，其中后者包括含有下列从句：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）；定语从句（形容词性从句）；状语从句（副词性从句）
3.
句子的基本结构：主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+谓语+双宾语；主语+谓语+复合宾语；主语+连系动词+表语
4.
句子的语气：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
5.
虚拟语气
6.
倒装语序
7.
省略
8.
it的用法

C. 英语的各种从句的语法问题、、、

最常见的就是：宾语从句；还有就是：状语从句、定语从句；高中的话，还有：同内位语从句、容主语从句、表语从句。
其实，判断是哪种从句就是看它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么从句。
宾语从句 注意其 语序！！ 用陈述语序；即：主语+can/will/should...+谓语+宾语。
状语从句主要有条件状语从句和时间状语从句等，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
定语从句：首先判断先行词，再判断用哪个引导词；
同位语从句就是看从句是不是对从句前的名词的解释说明，是的话就叫同位语从句；
表语从句就是作句子的表语；
主语从句顾名思义，作句子的主语；一般由what来引导。

具体的从句的详细讲解，请你与我保持联系，可以随时为你解答。

D. 英语方面的语法知识~

跟老师请教一下，整理一下笔记，这个主要靠平时积累和练习。而且考的多为书本上的要点。

名 词
在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：
一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如：
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。）
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.
二、 名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，指某人的某物用’s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加’s，而应该加-’即可。例如，boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss’s handwriting，其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗？对，Jones’s car。
下面我们来做一部分习题。
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
答案：D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案：B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案：D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案：B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案：C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案：A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案：B
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s
答案：B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案：B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案：A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
答案：A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语！
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案：B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
答案：D

形容词和副词
在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例，一般考查有关形容词或副词的一些搭配，但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级。
一、 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small --- smaller --- smallest
② 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st，如
large --- largest --- largest
③ 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est。
④ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 –er或-est.
busy---busier---busiest
happy---happier---happiest
但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：
slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly
difficult---more difficult---most difficult
beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful
但还有一些不规则的变化：
good / well---better---best
many---more---most
bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst
little---less---least
far --- farther / further --- farther / furthest
二、 形容词和副词的等比句型
①as…as… 和……一样
I’m as tall as you.
② not as(so)…as 不和…… 一样（在否定句中常用so 来代替as）如，
I can’t run so fast as you.
另外as…as possible 为固定结构，如，as soon as possible, as quickly as possible 等。
在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级。
三、形容词和副词的其它句型还有：
① 形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ，在than 后面的人称代词 用主语和宾语均可。
He is older than I / me.
但是如果人称代词后有动词时，则只能用主格形式。如，
Tom found more red leaves than I did.
② “the + 比较级， the + 比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生。如， The more you learn, the more you’ll know.
③ “more and more”结构（指两个形容词比较级用and 连接）表示持续不断的变化。 如： I’m getting thinner and thinner.
四、修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等，very不能和比较级连用。如：
The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive.
昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜。
To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy.
打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多。
五、形容词的一些搭配，如：
be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高兴做某事
be sorry to do 很抱歉，很遗憾做某事
be sure to do 一定/相信会做某事
be ready to do 准备好做某事，乐于做某事
get ready to do 为……做好准备 等等。
下面我们来看一些例题。
1． The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.
A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river
D. the long river
答案：A
2. Does he speak Chinese ___ his brother?
A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than
答案：C
3. Which shirt do you like ___, the white one or the blue one?
A. better B. good C. best D. much
答案：A
4. I don’t feel ___ to go to work today. I’m ill.
A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
答案：B
5. Mary would like to spend ___ days on her research.
A. a little more B. a little C. a few more D. much more
答案：C
下面请大家自己做以下练习。
1. Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
答案：D
2. This picture book is not ___ that one.
A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than
D. interesting as
答案：A
3. This article is ___ than that one.
A. much easier B. more easier c. much more easier D. more easy
答案：A
4. The Changjiang River is ___ river in China.
A. long B. longest C. the longest D. longer
答案：C
5. You must keep your room ___ and tidy.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. cleaned
答案：C

上面我们已经讲了动词、名词、形容词和副词的用法。

中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法。
下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方。

1. 代词
同学们需掌握以下不定代词：
all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的合成词如 nobody等，并注意不定代词的定语后置，如something English
2. 数词
同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词。
如：第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth
第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth
另外需要记住以下短语：
hundreds of 数以百计
thousands of 数以千计
tens of thousands of 数以万计
several millions of好几百万
但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式，如：
ten thousand
three million
3. 介词的考察内容主要是介词短语，特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语。这类短语比较多，这里我不再一一赘述，大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组。但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语，请大家注意。
如， speak highly of高度赞扬
regard… as …视为，把……看做……
make a contribution to doing sth 为……做贡献
4. 连词
同学们需要特别记忆以下连词或连词短语：
neither…nor…
either…or…
not only…but also…
both…and…
前三个短语引导主语时，谓语动词需遵循就近原则。
如， Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确。
Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那儿。
那么both…and…连接主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如， Both Lucy and Lily are going there.
句子的种类

1．应特别注意掌握的简单句
有介词的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中，作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离，放在句首，而把介词放在句尾。如，
Whom do you travel with?
当然，也可以把介词放在句首。总之，不要把介词丢掉。
有插入语的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中，经常可以看到这样的句子：
Where do you think they may go?
其中，do you think 是疑问式插入语，其余部分是think的宾语从句。注意，疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开。疑问式插入语还有do you hope, do you guess 等。
在肯定句中也有插入语。如：
That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier.
在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。去掉插入语，该句子仍然是个完整的句子。
You’d better (not)… (do sth.) 这个说法常用于提出“劝告，建议，告戒”。 比较委婉的有礼貌的说法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?。 如，
It’s too dark. You’d better leave at once.
I’m afraid (that) …
I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you today.
常用来委婉地表示自己的看法或预料一件令人不悦的事情。
2．并列句
并列句的考查重点是并列连词。并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。
3．复合句
复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
① 宾语从句
宾语从句的考查要点是：时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等。
A.宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句本身是叙述句是，用that 引导。
He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next weeek.
宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导。
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时，用if 或whether引导。
I don’t know if / whether he has done that.
B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应。
主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候，宾语从句的动词时态不受影响。如，It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.
主句是过去时态，从句谓语要做适当调整：
a) 由现在时调整为过去时。
I didn’t know you were also here.
b) 由将来时调整为过去将来时
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c) 过去时态多数不受影响，但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”，尤其是从句中有before, since 一类的时间状语时，多调整为“过去完成时”如：
She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.
② 状语从句。
状语从句有时间状语从句（常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等词引导）、地点状语从句（常有where 引导）、原因状语从句（常有because, since, as 引导，这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱，由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答）， 条件状语从句（常由if引导）、结果状语从句（常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 ）、让步状语从句（常由though， although引导）。
③另外，今年新加了一个定语从句，其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词｛who（指人）、that（指人或物）、which（指物）｝ , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面，如：
She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人。
有时，为了使句子平衡，也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开。同学们还记得这样一句话吗？Then a screen came up that read, “Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子。
下面我们来看一些例子：
1. The traveller was ___ tired that she couldn’t walk on.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
答案：A
2. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where did he live
D. where he lived
答案：D
3. He didn’t go home ___ he finished the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案：D
4. I was reading the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though D. as
答案：B
5. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案：D
好，接下来大家自己做以下练习。
1. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen B. where I have seen C. where had I seen
D. where have I seen
答案：A
2. It was raining heavily ___ we got to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案：C
3. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案：C
4. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn’t rain B. the rain will stops C. the rains won’t stop
D. it won’t rain
答案：D

E. 英语状语从句的语法知识

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。 现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an alt.

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2． 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3． 原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4． 目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5． 结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

6． 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7． 让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

He won’t listen whatever you may say.

8． 比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

9． 方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

F. 英语名词性从句的语法知识

你这个问题太宽泛。只能选择部分回答。

有时因意思表达的需要，要用一个从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，称为名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。名词性从句作为一个整体，本身在整个句子中起一个名词的作用；同时既是从句，就从句内来说，也有主、谓成份。当然，从句要有引导词。

引导词的基本含义及用法
对于引导词要注意两点：a. 本身所含的意思，b. 其在从句中所充当的句子成分。据此，可以分成几类（这是我自己的办法，要比别的办法管用）
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1．That 既无意义，也不在句子中担任成分。
可以说只是一个“标志”，标明所跟的是一个从句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2．Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Whether/if --“是否”；because—“因为”；as if—“似乎”
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don’t have confidence.
3．When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意义，且在从句中担任状语。
When--“。。。的时间”或“何时”；whenever—“无论何时”，作时间状语
Where—“。。。的地点”或“何地”；wherever—“无论何地”，作地点状语。
Why--“。。。的原因”或“为什么”，作原因状语。
How--“。。。的方式”或“怎样”；however—“无论怎样”，作方式状语。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don’t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4．What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意义，且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
What—“。。。的（东西、事情。。。）”或“什么”，whatever—“无论什么”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Which—“哪一个/些”，whichever—“无论哪一个/些”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Who—“谁”，whoever—“无论谁”，在从句中作主语、表语，有时也可代whom，whomever作宾语。
Whom—“谁”，whomever“无论谁”（罕用），在从句中作宾语。
She is sorry for what she said. （她所说的话）（what无疑问含义）
I don’t know what will happen next. （将发生什么事）（what有疑问含义）
I don't know which of us was the more scared. （我们中的哪一个更害怕）
They never found out who the murderer was. （谋杀者是谁）
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. （关于他外出我告诉了谁）
He's good at whatever he is does. （他做无论什么事）
5．What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意义，且在从句中作定语
What—“什么（样的）”，whatever— “无论什么（样的）。作定语。
Which—“哪个/些”，whichever—“无论哪个/些”。作定语。
Whose—“谁的”，在从句中作定语。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. （那个学校）
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. （什么大学）
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. （谁的主意）
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. （无论什么怀疑）
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. （无论什么方法）

G. 英语从句语法知识求教

英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those

H. 英语语法中使用的各种词汇，比如名词，不定式，各种从句等专用的术语用英文应当怎么说

主语:subject 宾语:object 定语:attribute
状语:the adverbial 同位语:the Appositive
动名词:the Gerund 分词: the Participle
不定式:the Indefinite
宾语从专句属:Object Clauses
状语从句: Adverbial Clauses
定语从句: Attibutive Clauses
表语从句:Predictive Clauses
同位语从句;Appositive Clauses
时间状语从句;Adverbial Clauses of Time

一般现在时:the Present Indefinite
一般过去时:the Past Indefinite
一般将来时:the Future Indefinite
现在完成时:the Present Perfect
现在进行时:the Present Continuous

I. 英语各种语法的英文名称，例如名词性从句怎么说

1、句式

从句clause

从属句 subordinate clause

并列句 coordinate clause

名词从句 nominal clause

定语从句 attributive clause

状语从句adverbial clause

宾语从句 object clause

主语从句 subject lause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence

并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence

2、时态

时态tense

过去将来时past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense

一般过去时past simple tense

一般将来时future simple tense

现在完成时 past perfect tense

过去完成时present perfect tense

将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时past continuous tense

将来进行时 future continuous tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

(9)英语各类从句语法知识扩展阅读

句型结构

句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、简单句

基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：

（1）主语+谓语（s.+predicate）

这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。Nobody went.没有人去。

（2）主语+系动词+表语（s.+link v.+predicative）

这种句型称为主系表结构，其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。

（3）主语+谓语+宾语（s.+predicate+o.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。

（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（s.+predicate+oi.+od.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s.+predicate+o.+o.c.）

这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语）

注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.

中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语）

2、It引导结构

It 既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可做人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.）或形式宾语（it + adj. + to do sth.），真实的主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。

It 也用于强调句结构。如想强调某个词或部分，可用it is (was) + 强调部分（主语、宾语或状语） + that(who）…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it 和引词it 的各种用法，重点掌握it 用于前指或后指；引导词it 用于强调结构。

3、并列句

两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

4、复合句

复杂句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。

主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。

J. 英语中语法那些全列举出来

简单说说吧：非限定动词非限定动词又称非谓语动词，即在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种，即不定式、分词和动名词。本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法；掌握不定时的被动式；不带to 的不定式；三种非谓语动词的复合结构（即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词）的形式及用法；现在分词与过去分词的区别；动名词与不定式的比较；现在分词与不定式的比较等。虚拟语气语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句中。本单元要求学员掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；掌握情态动词用于虚拟语气；了解含蓄条件句；掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系等。介词我们经常在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词前用介词表示人物、事件等与其它句子成分的关系。介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫介词宾语。介词可表示地点、时间、比较、反对、原因、手段、所属、条件、让步、关于、对于、根据等。介词及其宾语构成介词短语，在句中担任后置定语、状语、表语等语法成分。本单元要求熟记常用介词及介词与其它此类的搭配。基本句型结构句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只存在一个主谓关系的句子叫简单句，即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。当我们需要把几个意思连在一起时，可用标点符号或等立连词或连接副词把几个简单句连接成一个并列句。它们之间的关系是同等的。当一个句子由一个逐句和一个或从句构成时，这就是复合句。复合句的主语往往可以独立存在，从句则只作一个句子成分。本单元重点掌握疑问句，弄清楚各种疑问句的结构及用法，能正确完成附加疑问句部分，能回答各种疑问句。掌握简单句、并列句及复合句的句型结构；学会简单句与并列句、简单句与复合句、并列句与复合句的转换；学会将直接引语变为间接引语；掌握名词从句的用法。 摘自 http://ke..com/view/328219.htm