㈠ 初一和初二学过的英语语法和时态
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六种时态
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
㈡ 苏教版初一英语语法总结能不能给我一份 初一上册英语
一、初一英语语法——词法 1、名词
A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如:day-days,
boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词).如:radios, photos,
但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿,
potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s).如:knife-knives, wife-wives,
half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes,
socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学,
family家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词.如:action movie-action movies, pen
pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数.如:man doctor-men doctors,
woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同.如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸
papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水
oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数,
chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s.如:Is (I’s), Ks
(K’s).但如是缩略词则只加s.如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men,
woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,
Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式.构成如下:一)单数在后面加’s.如:brother’s, Mike’s,
teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理.如:Teachers’ Day教师节,
classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s
Day三八节三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理.如:Mike and
Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词项目 人称代词
物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our
ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours
yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it
it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those
themselves 3、动词 A)
第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s.如:comes, spells, waits,
talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如:watches, washes,
wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es.如:study-studies, hurry-hurries,
try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es.如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)
现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一)一般在后加ing.如:spell-spelling,
sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying,
watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing.如:dance-dancing,
wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing,
have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing,
draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing.如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,
let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing.如:tie-tying系 die-dying死
lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式.构成如下:一)
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st).如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,
taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er
/est.如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)
以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est.如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,
friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly),
busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-better best,many/much-more most,bad/ill-worse
worst,little-less least,old-older/elder
oldest/eldest,far-farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词
(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去.) first, second,
third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth,
hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very
young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some
things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate
doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There
isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and
ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a) Don’t
be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I
help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she
reading? 肯定回答 a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes,
they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No,
she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table
big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 1 问年龄 How old is Lucy?
She is twelve. 2 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action
movies and comedies. 3 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 4 问方式
How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail
address is [email protected]. 5 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 6
问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want
to go? Let’s go at 7:00. 7 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the
table. 8 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your
favourite color? It’s black. 9 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is
the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who
are Lisa and Tim talking to? 10 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a
pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some
broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name?
Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s
Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do
you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big
D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码
What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing?
He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your
father? He’s a doctor. 三、初一英语语法——时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词:I can
play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina
have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are
you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a
letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re
listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They
aren’t listening to the pop music. 回答者: Demo_sa | 一级 | 2010-4-24 15:53
一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中",
"在……内".例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the
classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上".例如: on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on
the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下".例如: under the tree 在树下 under the
chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面".例如: behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近".例如: near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处".例如: at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the
door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的".例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of
China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物.冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种.不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an.a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a
book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个. This is a
cat. 这是一只猫. It's an English book. 这是一本英语书. His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人. the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物. Who's
the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? ------ What can you see in the
classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's
on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀? ------ 我能看见一个书包. ------ 书包在哪呀? ------
在桌子上. 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the
desk.桌子上有一些书. Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书. ②在疑问句和否定句中用any.例如: Is
there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and
sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水. ⑵记住它们的特殊用法.
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到.例如: Would you like to
have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的".例如: Any one of us can do
this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个. some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法. 4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is
;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are. My family is a big family.
我的家庭是个大家庭. My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家.
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员.home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点.
house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身. His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人. My home
is in Beijing. 我的家在北京. He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家. It's a picture of
my family. 这是一张我全家的照片. 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy
一个小男孩.little常用来修饰有生命的名词. *但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词. There is little
time. 几乎没时间了. There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少. ⑵ 词组 on the desk
在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box
在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the
picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2.
Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you
see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an
orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong
Kong. 7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看. see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见".例如: 8. Please
have a seat. seat表示"座位",是个名词.have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit
down的意思相同. 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的".一般有以下几种形式: (1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s".例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 (2).
如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'".例如: Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 (3).
如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s".例如: Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 (4).
表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上.例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and
Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示. a
map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family
我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
㈢ 初一英语都学什么时态
根据英语教学大纲规定,初一英语语法主要学习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 (包括 be going to)。教材中也会用到现在完成时的句子,但不属于重点讲授内容。
㈣ 预备初一的英语都学了哪些语法和时态详细的说下啊
我就是初一的,
语法很多啊~
时态:一般现在时,现在进行是,一般过去时
㈤ 初一英语全册语法 时态 什么什么的 我不知道。反正关于英语的
enjoy doing sth 享受或喜欢做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
It`s+adj +to do sth . 做......是.....的
try doing 试着做某事
ask sb.to do 叫某人做某事
forget doing 忘记已经做过的事
forget to do 忘记要做某事
remember to do 记得要做某事(还没做过)
remember doing 记得做过的事
let sb do 让某人做某事
make sb do 使某人做某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事(习惯上的)
start to do sth 开始做某事
start doing sth 开始做某事
finish doing sth 完成....
(一般现在时态)be doing 正在做...
would like to do (表示意愿)
spend......(in) doing sth 花费....做...
look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
want to do sth 想要做某事
decide to do sth 决定...
It takes sb sometime to do sth 花费某人多少时间做...
be going to do sth/will do(一般将来时态)将要做某事
Thank for doing sth 感谢做某事
practice doing sth/sth 练习做某事/某事
make sb do sth
let sb do sth
ask sb sth
ask sb for help
stop doing sth
stop to do sth
be interest in sth
be surprised at sth
be surprised that+从句
㈥ 初一英语上册 每单元的语法
七年级上册仁爱英语语法
● 冠词——a,an,the
1. a用于(辅音字母开头)的单数名词
2. an用于(元音字母开头)的单数名词
3. 上文提到的下文再提到用“the”
● 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1. 可数名词复数的加法:
a. 一般情况加“s”
b. 以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的+es
c. 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的改:“y”为“i”加“es”
d. 以“fe”结尾的改“fe”为“v”加“es”
e. 不规则(man——men;foot——feet;mouse——mice;family——families;knife——knives)
2. 不可数名词用量词
例如:a bottle(s) of
● 名词所有格
1. 单数的加’s
2. 复数的加s’
3. 两人共有的. s’加在后一个上
4. 两人分别有的.各加’s(如Lucy’s and Lily’s bags.)
● 词组
1. Look after/like/the same/at + 名词
2. help yourself/yourselves to
3. be动词(am,is,are) + from
● 情态动词——must/can + 动词原形
● 介词(in,on,at)
1. 时间——
a. in morning/afternoon/evening
b. on Sunday/Monday/Tuesday
c. at + 点钟
2. 地点——
a. in a hospital/school
b. on a farm/the sofa
c. at school/home
● 代词(人称代词和物主代词)
1.人称代词分为主格和宾格
动词/介词 + 宾格
3. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词 + 名词
注意:“I” 要放在后面!
例如:Kangkang and I are in the same class.(the same + 名词单数形式)
㈦ 怎么整理初一和初二上册的英语语法点和时态
两类
词法(名词\代词\数词\形容词\副词\介词\冠词\感叹词)
动词(助动词\情态动词\行为动词\系动词)
,组成各种时态;
句法(简单句,并列句\复合句)
复合句(表语从句\宾语从句\状语从句)
㈧ 七年级上册英语的语法知识
初一上册英语语法
1.there be 句型 “有”指 “某地有某物”形式 :there is, there are
例:There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。
There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。
区分:there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ,例如:a book , an egg, milk, ice-cream .......
there are 用来修饰可数名词复数
如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用there be 句型的否定形式,即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not
形式:there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't)
例: There isn't any milk in a glass。
There aren't any vegetables in the fridge.
若表示是否有,则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提前 Be there 形式 Is there , Are there
例:Is there any milk in the glass?
Are there any vegetables in the fridge?
注意:这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的
疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:Would you like some milk?
对于there be 疑问句的回答:肯定:Yes,there is\are. No,there isn't\aren't.
2.have\has got 有 指某人有某物
例:I have a dog.我有一只狗。
He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。
区分 :have\ has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(I ,we ,they) has用来修饰第三
人称单数(she, he , it )
若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在have\has got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not
(hasn't)got.
例:I haven't got a sister but i have a brother.
She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs.
某人是否有某物则要用have\has got的疑问形式,Have\Has +sb.\sth. + got
Have they got a picnic at weekends?
Has the dog got a host family?
回答:肯定:Yes, i \we \they have. Yes , she\ he \ it has.
否定:No , i \ we \ they haven't. No, she \he \it hasn't.
注意:there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有",但侧重点不同。
例:《1》There are some food in the fridge.
<2>The fridge has got some food.
虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。
3.be(am is are)
用法:我用am 你用are is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用are
例:I am a stident. She is a beutiful girl. He is a child. It is a dog.
You are my teacher. They are my friends, The boys all are England.
be 的否定形式 直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not.
例:I am not an English. I am Chinese.
She isn't kind. They aren't my friends.
疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语......?
例:Is he your father?
Are they going to have a party?
回答:肯定:Yes, I am. Yes,she \ he \it is. Yes , you \ we \ they are.
否定: No, I am not. No, she \ he \ it isn't. No , you \ we \ they aren't.
be的句式, 所用情况:
1》be + 形容词(adj.). 例:I am very happy.
2> be+ 名词(n.) 例:He is a boy.
3> be + 介词短语 例:She is in the school.
4> be+形容词短语例: He is only 11 years old.
5> be+ 副词 例:Class is over.
4. 情态动词 can
can 可以 能够,表示某人能做某事 用法:can+v.原 不能做某事,则用can 的否定形式:
cannot (can't)+v.原
can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can
若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式,即can+sb.……?
例:I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English. Can you speak English?
He can swim but he can't play football.
Can she play the piano?
疑问句回答 :肯定:Yes, I \she \ you \ he \it \they \ we can.
否定:No, I \ she \ he \it \ you \ we \ they can't.
注意:can 表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。
5 . 情态动词would 想 主要用于 would you like to ...句型中,表示邀请。
例:Would you like to go to school with me ?
回答一般有两种形式:1 表示愿意:I' like \ love to. 2 拒绝:Sorry, 原因。
注意:would like to 本身并不表示邀请, 而是想要。例:I would like to some books.
另外,表示邀请还能说:Let's...... Shall we...... What \ How about.......
还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:When is... 2) 询问地点: Where is....
6 行为动词的一般现在时
用法:
1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时
He goes to school every day.
They eat dinner in the evening.
2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。
I know him very well. 我和他很熟。
He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。
若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即do not
(don't) ,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesn't)
例:I don't go to school every day.
She doesn't goes to the shop every day.
You don' t sing vell well.
若表示是否经常做某事 则要用疑问意义,将do \ does 提前即可
例:Do you write a composition every day? 你每天写一篇作文吗?
Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗?
注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后
常见的频度副词有:often ,always , usually , never ,seldom ,sometimes等
7.变法总结
名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s 例词:bags, vegetables , books
(2)以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses , brushes
(3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词:两人两菜:heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes 西红柿
potatoes 土豆
(4)以o 结尾的加-s 例词:zoos , zeros
(5) 以 辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词:baby——babies ,city——cities
(6)以 f 或 fe 结尾 ,把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词:beaf——beaves , life——lives
第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同
㈨ 初一英语学了哪些语法时态
进行时be doing
将来时will do或者be going to do
还有过去时
㈩ 人教版初一英语上册前两个单元的重点语法 句型 时态
一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例词
shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词
二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意:
1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
(2)作介词的宾语
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?
(3)作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping