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高一英语必修二三语法总结

发布时间:2021-01-26 23:55:00

Ⅰ 高一英语必修二期末语法总结

情态动词
情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能), /can, could(也许,或许)。 (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如: (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组

名词性从句
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

Ⅱ 高一英语语法总结包括重点句子!

英语时态有16种,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 1、一般现在时的用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 3)表示格言或警句中。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 2 一般过去时的用法 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事' 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 2)情态动词 could, would. 3. 一般将来时 表示将来的动作或状态。 1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某 b. 计划,安排要发生的事。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 4.现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。 5.过去完成时 概念:表示过去某一段时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。 ----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2)用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 注意:had no … when 还没等……就…… had no sooner… than 刚……就…… 6.将来完成时 1) 构成will / be going to do sth. 2) 概念 a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。 7.现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法: a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 8. 过去进行时 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。 3)常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 9. 将来进行时 1)概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。 2)常用的时间状语Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening

Ⅲ 最新人教版高一英语语法总结

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call him a farmer 称呼他为农民 in many ways 在许多方面 struggle for 为……斗争
the past five decades 过去的五十年 be born in poverty 出生贫困 graate from 毕业于…… since then 从那以后 thanks to 由于
rid…of…使……摆脱…… be satisfied with 对……满足 lead a … life 过着……生活 care about 在意…… used to 过去常常
be used to 被用来做;习惯于 get used to 习惯于
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 wish for 欲得到、愿得到 no matter 无论 in need of 需要 refer to 谈及;提到 be rich in 富含
insist on doing 坚持做……

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ready to do sth 准备好要做没某事 be against 反对
pay attention to 注意;留心 that is to say 换句说
be certain/sure to do 确信会做某事
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人干某事-结果成功 advise sb to do sth 劝说某人干某事-结果失败 Unit3
1.instead of 而不是;代替 2.get close (to)... 接近…… 3.get away from 逃离 4.go for a hike 去远足,郊游 5.watch out (for) 注意;当心
6.protect...from ...保护……使不受…… 7.in a few days’ time 几天之后;离……还有好几天 8.as with 至于;就……方面来说 9.go off 走开;离去 10.see...off 为某人送行 11.on the other hand 另一方面 12.as well as 也;还;而且 13.used to do 过去常常做…… 14.at least 最少;至少

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15.find out 查明;弄清楚 16.arrive at/in... 到达……
17.pick up 拿起;拾起;(偶然)得到;听到;(非正规地)学到(会);(开车)接人 18.think about 考虑 19.make notes 做笔记 20.in space 在宇宙中 21.have a picnic 野餐
bump into 撞上(=knock into);碰见 be content with 对……满足 worse off 境况差
astonish sb. with sth. 用某事物使某人震惊 be famous for 由于……而著名 in poverty 贫困 be well known 闻名 be set in 以……为背景 in search of 寻找 pick up 捡起
be caught in 被困在……
pick out (用个人喜好或希望进行)挑选 cut off切下 star in 表演

Ⅳ 高一英语必修四语法总结(外研社版)

您好, 高一英语必修四语法总结(外研社)
高一英语必修4

重要词汇拓展
1 achievement n.成就,功绩→ v.达到,完成,实现
2 welfare n 福利事业,福利
3. project n.方案, 计划,, 设计,工程, 企业, 事业,科研项目; 课外自修项目
vi. ①伸出, 突出 ②设想自已处身于(into)
4. specialist n.专家,专业工作者→special adj.特殊的,专门的→specialize vi.专攻,专门从事
5. connection n.连接,关系→connect v.连接
6. condition n. 状况(不可数),条件(可数),环境(复数)on no condition 决不
7.organization n.组织,机构,团体 organize—vt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会,使有条理
8.behave v.举止,表现→behavior n.行为,举止
9. shade n.阴凉处 v.遮住光线
10.▲ worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的 It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.
worth adj.值……,值得…… be worth doing
worthy adj.值得做的,可尊敬的 be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done
11. observe v.观察,观测,遵守→observation n.观察,观测
12. respect v./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectful adj.有礼貌的,恭敬的
13. argue .v.争论,辩论→argument n.争论,辩论 argued-adj 引起争论的
14.entertainment-n 款待,娱乐 entertain-v 款待;招待,娱乐,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)
15. crowd n.人群,观众 v.挤满,使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
16. inspire v.鼓舞,激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感
17 support v.支持,拥护→supporter n.支持者,拥护者
18.refer-vi 谈到,查阅,参考
19.intend v.计划,打算→intention n.打算,目的,意图
20.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑,认为
→consideration n考虑,体谅→considering prep考虑到
21.kind adj 仁慈的,和善的,友爱的kindness –n 仁慈,好意,善良
22.deliver v.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→delivery n.投递,交货,分娩
23.modest adj 谦虚的,谦让的,适度的

重点短语梳理
1 devote…to (doing) sth.把…奉献给devote oneself to致力于,献身于 be devoted to专心致志于
2 human beings 人类
3 move off 离开,启程,出发
4 lead a…life 过着……的生活
5 crowd in 涌上心头,涌入脑海
6 look down on/ upon 蔑视,瞧不起
7 refer to 查阅,参考,谈到 (其中,to为介词)
8 by chance 碰巧,凑巧
9. come across 偶遇,碰见
10. carry on 继续,坚持 carry out 实行,执行,完成
11. be dressed in 穿着… dress as 打扮成…
12.fight for 为….而战 fight against 与…战斗
13.put to death判死刑
14. concern oneself with…关注… 注意…
15.intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事
16. in the shade of 在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下
17.gain doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
18. be considered as 被看做….
19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事
20.do research on… 做…方面的研究
21.mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着
22. by now 直到现在

重点句型再现
1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。
(spend+时间/金钱+doing sth 花时间或金钱去做某事)
2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙;这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
(only位于句首并修饰状语,句子要发生部分倒装,将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前)
3 Following Jane’s way of studing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
我们一行人将按照Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜访他们。
(-ing作方式状语。注意非谓语动词作状语时的区别:-ing主动/进行/延续,-ed被动/过去,to do主动/将来)
4.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles 看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究。
(It seemed that+从句:似乎是,看起来好像是。 as well as 还有)
5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients
后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。
(What made her succeed主语从句。了解what引导的名词性从句的译法,明白它们在句中的成分:作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)

语法剖析(主谓一致)
主谓一致,指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。
(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如:
The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:
Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。
None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
(二) 内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车, 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
(三) 就近原则
1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

重要词汇拓展
1 sunburn v.日晒,晒黑→sunburnt adj.晒黑的
2 struggle v./n.挣扎,奋斗,努力 struggle against struggle for struggle with
3 decade n.十年,十年期
4 super n.冗员, 额外人员; [口]特级品, 特大号商品; 超级市场adj特级的, 极好的, 非凡的
5. hunger n.饥饿,渴望/v.使饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的;渴望的
6.output n. 产量,输出,input 输入,消费
7.disturbing adj 引起烦恼的,令人不安的,disturb v. 打扰,麻烦
8.expand vt.扩大, 扩展,张开, 使发, 详谈; 引伸
9. circulate v.循环,流通→circulation n.循环,流传
10. battle n.战役,战斗 v.搏斗,奋斗
11. therefore adv.因此,所以
12. rid vt 摆脱,除去
13.freedom n 自由,自主→ free adj 自由的,免费的
14.equip v.配备,装备→equipment n.设备
15. export v.输出,出口 n.输出(品)→import v.输入,进口 n.进口(品)
16.nationality n 国籍,national adj 国家的,民族的 nation n. 国家
17.occupation n 工作,职业,占领 occupy v.占用,使从事,把注意力集中于...占领, 占据
18.confuse v.使迷惑,使为难→confused adj.感到迷惑的 confusing adj.令人迷惑的
19 regret v./n.后悔,遗憾→regretful adj.后悔的,遗憾的
20.proction n.生产,制造,proctive 可生产的,可制造的,proce –v 生产,制造
21.discovery n. 发现,发觉,discover-v 发现,
22.focus v. 集中,聚焦,n 焦点,中心点
23. rece v.减少,缩减→rection n.减少,缩减
24 comment n./v.评论,议论

重点短语梳理
1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果这样,
2.consider oneself sth 自认为是… consider sb sth 认为某人是…
3.since then 从那时起
4.search for a way to do sth 寻找做某事的途径。
5.thanks to 幸亏,由于,因为 (to为介词)
6.rid…of… 摆脱,除去 get rid of 除去…
7. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
8 would rather do than do宁愿,宁可…也不…=would do rather than do
9with the hope of 满怀希望..
10.in some way 在某种程度上
11.cause damage to 对… 造成危害。
12.build up 增强,强大
13. lead to 导致,造成(to为介词)
14. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
15. keep…from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)

重点句型再现
1. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
(what引导的名词性从句在句中作宾语)
2. The special strain of rice makes it possible to proce one-third more of the crop in the same field. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
(makes it possible 中it为形式宾语,to do不定式短语为真正宾语)
3. It’s a great pity that 很遗憾的是….
4.Using his hybrid rice,farmers are procing harvest twice as large as before.
由于使用了他的杂质水稻,农民的丰收是以前的两倍。
(-ing动词短语作原因状语)

语法剖析(非谓语动词---动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语)
一、动词-ing形式作主语
● 动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首,谓语用单数形式。例如:Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.
● 动词-ing形式作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构:
1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing
2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of … etc. + v-ing 例如:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
● 动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。
1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语:
admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。
2. 在下列短语中,to是介词,后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语:
be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。
3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
● like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式;如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式,但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would,后面则接动词不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me?
● 下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同:
forget doing 忘记已做过某事; forget to do 忘记要做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事; remember to do 记住要做某事
mean doing 意思是,意味着; mean to do 打算做
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do 遗憾要做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做; can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做。
● 在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
We don’t allow smoking in the classroom.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
● 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如:
Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.
三、动词-ing的复合结构
动词-ing的复合结构即:物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如:
Lucy’s turning up surprised everyone present.
Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?
四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 两种时态,一般式的被动语态是being done,完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如:
I’m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.

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Ⅳ 苏教版高一英语必修一语法知识点总结

一. 直接引语和间接引语 (一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如: Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化: 根据意义进行相应的变化,例如: She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. (二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如: She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如: She said to us,“Please sit down.” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下: 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如:Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如:These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如:Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 注意: 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered. 2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如: More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如: The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如: The map was changed by someone.(被动结构) That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构) 系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。 例如: He was very excited.(系表结构) He was much excited by her words.(被动结构) 5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如: These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
Unit 11. 词组: add up add up to add… to… add to calm… down have got to be concerned about / with walk the dog cheat … of go through go ahead go by set down set up set off set out a series of on purpose by accident/ chance in order to so as to in order that so as that at sk at dawn at midnight at noon face to face no longer not … any longer settle down suffer from recover from get/ be tired of make a list of list pack… up get along/ on with fall in love be grateful to sb. for sth. join in take part in join attend make sb/ sth + 宾语补足语 have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with it’s because….. +原因 it’s why…. + 结果 dare + (to) do (实义动词) do (情态动词) a year and a half it’s no pleasure+ doing sth happen to do sth have trouble with sb (in) doing sth exactly find it + adj. + to do sth make friends with swap … with it is / was + 序数词 + that + has done / had done ….unit 2词组: because of come up come up with come in come on come out actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality be based on at present make use of make full/ good use of such as play a part/ role in recognize … as more than one + 谓语用单数 at the end of in the end at an end voyage tour travel journey than ever before even if / though communicate with those + 定语从句 用who 1600’s 1980s in + 物主代词 + 数字的复数 in his forties the former the latter a number of the number of make sense usage VS use believe it or not there is no such + 名词 (不加冠词) the way + in which / that /省略 especially specially straight adj/ advunit 3词组: prefer to do , rather than do would rather do , than do would do , rather than do fare VS fee ever since it’s is / has been + 时间段 + since 从句 graate from/ in be fond of cut across cut up cut down care about care for determine to do sth = be determined to do sth change one’s mind make up one’s mind at an altitude of give in give up give off give out give away keep pace with as usual bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth unit 4词组:right away at once immediately burst into laughter/ tears burst out doing sth as if / though in ruins injure wound hurt destroy damage be trapped in dig out bury oneself in doing sth rise raise arise too… to be away it seems as if + 陈述语气/ 虚拟语气 act out be pleased / willing/ glad to do sthhonor in honor of be proud of express my thanks to unit 5词组: of high/ good quality devote to + doing found VS set up in principle in peace out of work in work out of control in control vote for vote against be equal to in trouble turn to turn on / off turn up / down lose heart lose one’s heart escape from / + doing sth come to power / in power be sentenced to in one’s opinion fight for / against blow up dream of/ about imagine doing sth the first time for the first time 语法点1. whether VS if 的用法2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth 3. be + doing 表将来4. 定语从句: 只用that 的情况 只用who 的情况 只用which的情况 as VS which the same … as / that… such… as as … as 介词+ which/ whom which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句 插入语 I think I believe I guess I thought 间隔式定语从句 Is this car the one he bought last year? Is this the car he bought last year? What 的用法5. will be done be about to be done be to be done be going to be done 6. has/ have been done 7. be being done 加always 表示一种厌烦等语气8. 强调句 it is + 被强调部分 + that 从句 It is not until + 时间 + that 从句 特殊疑问词 + is it that 从句 9. 倒装句 部分否定,含有否定词的 hardly never little only seldom 等, 把情态动词,be 动词, 助动词提到主语 的前面10. as if , insist suggest request command ,从句用虚拟语气, 用(should) do 。

Ⅵ 高中必修一英语语法总结

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
句子的类型:
1.主语+谓语
2.主语+谓语+状语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+系动词+表语
5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
A

a (large) number of 许多

a bit 一点儿

a block of 一块

a bottle of 一瓶

a few 许多

a good/great deal of 大量(的);非常多(的)

a great/good many 很多的, 非常多的

a group of 一群,一组

a little 许多

a lot of/lots of 许多

a pair of 一双,一对

a piece of 一片(张,块)

a pile of 一堆

a place of interest 名胜

a set of 一套

a sort of 一种

a type of 一种类型的

a waste of 白费; 浪费

above all 首先;首要

according to 根据...

act as 充当;作;起......的作用

add up to 加起来是

add... to 把.....加到......上

admit doing sth 承认做过某事

advise doing sth 建议做某事

advise sb. against doing sth 建议(劝)某人不要做某事

advise sb not to do sth 建议(劝)某人不要做某事

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

afford to do 有经济条件做某事

after a (short) while 不久以后

after all 毕竟;终究

after graation 毕业以后

again and again 反复地;再三地

agree on 商定;决定;达成共识

agree to do sth 同意做某事

agree to sth 同意(计划或建议)

agree with sb/what sb does 同意某人的意见

all along 一直,始终

all day and all night 整日整夜

all kinds of 各种各样的

all night 整夜

all of a sudden 突然,冷不防

all one's life 终生,一辈子

all over 到处,遍及…,浑身,结束

all over the country 遍及全国

all right 好吧,行吧,病好了

all round 周围,遍及四周

all sorts of 各种各样的

all the best 万事如意

all the same 一样,照样,完全一样

all the year round 一年到头

all through 自始至终

allow into 允许进入

allow doing 允许做某事

allow sb to do 允许某人做某事

and so on 等等

answer for 对......负责

apply for 申请...

arrive at /in 到达某地

as a matter of fact 事实上;其实

as a result(of) 结果

as if/though 好象;好似

as many/much as 多达......

as soon as 一……就……

as usual 象往常一样,照例

as well 也;有

as......as 像;如同

as/so far as 一直到… (程度)

ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

ask…for 询问;向......要

at (the) most 至多

at (the)least 至少

at a high price 以高价......

at a time 每次;一次

at all 全然,究竟,到底

at breakfast 早餐时;正吃早饭

at first hand 第一手地,直接地

at first 起先;开端

at hand 在手边,在近处

at home and abroad 国内外

at home 在家里

at night 在夜晚,在夜里

at noon 在中午

at once 立刻,马上

at one time 以前;曾经

at present 现在;目前

at sea 在海上

at someone’s hands 出自某人之手,因为某人

at the age of 在......岁时

at the beginning of 在......的开始

at the end of 最后;尽头

at the foot of 在….的脚下

at the latest 最迟;至迟

at the mercy of 在......支配下

at the same time 同时

at the school gate / at the gate of the school 在学校门口

at the time of 在......的时候

at the top of one's voice 高声地喊叫

at work 再工作,在运转,在起作用

B

be able to do sth (有能力)做某事

be about to 即将

be afraid of 害怕

be against 反对

be angry at sth 对某事生气

be angry with sb 愤怒,生某人的

be anxious about /for 为......担心,焦急

be away from 远离......

be bad at 在......弱,差

be busy doing sth 忙于做……

be busy with sth 忙于......

be careful (of) 当心,小心

be covered with/by 为......所覆盖

be different from 与......不同

be famous as 作为......著名

be famous for 因......而著名

be far away from 远离…

be filled with 用......装满

be fit for 适合

be fond of 爱好;喜爱

be for 支持

be free to do sth 随意做某事

be friendly to sb 对…友好的

year by year 逐年的(表变化)

be good at 在......擅长,善于…

be in love with 与......相爱

be in the habit of doing 有做…的习惯

be late for 迟到

be made from /of 由...... 制成

be made in 由……(产地)制造

be made up of 由...构成;由...组成

be of great help 对…很有帮助

be on fire 在......着火

be on holiday 在假期中

be on show 展览

be poor in 在......差

be popular with sb 深受......欢迎

be prepared for 为……做好准备

be proud of 为......而自豪

be ready (for) 为……做好准备

be rich in 在......充足;富含.....

be satisfied/content with 对……感到满意

be seated 坐下;坐着

be strict with(in) 对某人(物)要求严格

be sure about/of 确信;有把握

be terrified at 被……吓一跳

be tired of sth/doing sth 厌倦做某事

be tired with/from 因......感到厌倦

be torn open 被撕开

be unfit for 不合适,不称职,不胜任

be used to do ...... 被用来作某事

be used to sth/doing sth 习惯做某事

be weak in/at在......弱

be worth doing 值得做......

be wrong with 出毛病,不对头

beat…to death 把.....打死

because of 因为;由于

before long 不久

beg one's pardon 企求

begin…with 从......开始

believe in 信任,信仰

belong to 属于

beyond help 不可挽救的

beyond hope 没有希望的

blow away 刮走;吹走

break away from 脱离......

break down 分解,机器等坏了;身体跨了

break in 插话;强行进入

break into 闯入

break off 打断;折段

break out 爆发,突然发生

break the law 违法,犯法

break the habit of doing 改掉…的习惯

break the rule 违反规定

break up 分解,腐蚀,驱散

break with 与......断绝关系

bring down 使到下;降低

bring in 引来,引进;吸收

bring on 使前进

bring out 说明,阐明

bring up 教育;培养;提出

burn down 把......烧成平地;烧光

burn...to the ground 把......烧成平地

by accident 偶然

by air 乘飞机

by and by 不久,不久以后

by day 日间;白天里

by far 很,极

by hand 手工地

by means of 通过这种方式

by mistake 由疏忽所致

by sea 乘船

by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船

by the end of 在结束之前

by the side of 在......附近

by the way 顺便说

by this means 通过这种方式

by turns 轮流,交替

C

call at some place 访问某地

call back 回电话

call for 去取(某物); 去接(某人);要求,需求

call in 召集

call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事

call on(upon) sb 拜访某人

call out 着急,大声叫

call sb up 给某人打电话

can’t help doing 情不自禁的做…

care for 喜欢;想要

carry away 冲掉;冲走

carry off 夺走

carry on 进行

carry out 实行,执行,贯彻

carry through 进行到底,完成

catch/take a cold 着凉,感冒

catch fire 着火

catch hold of 抓住,抓牢

catch sight of 望见

catch up with sb 赶上(某人)

change for 换成

change one's mind 改变主意

change...into 把......变成

clear away 把......清除掉

clear up 整理;收拾

collect money for 为......募捐

come about 发生

come across 碰到

come along 快点,来吧

come back 回来

come back to life 苏醒,复活

come down 下来,下降

come from 来自

come in 进来

come into being 形成,产生

come off 从......离开;脱落

come on 快些,加油

come out 出版;开放

come to 共计;达到

come true 成为现实

come up 走进,上前来

compare with 把......和......进行比较

compare to 与......相比

connect to 把...... 接到......

connect with 与......相连

consider doing sth 考路做某事

consider sb as/to be 认为......;把某人看做…

cut off 切断

cut through 剪断

cut up 切碎

D

date back to 追溯到

date from 起始于;追溯到

day after day 日复一日地

day and night=night and day 日日夜夜

deal with 对付;处理

decide to do sth 决定做某事

depend on 依赖;靠 ......决定

devote to 把......献于;把......用于

die from 死于(外因).....

die of 死于(内因).....

die out 灭绝

divide into 分成

do a good deed 对某人做了一件好事

do fine 赶得好

do good 有好处

do harm 有害处

do one’s homework 做家庭作业

do one's best 尽力

do sb a favour / do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙

do sb good / do good to sb 对某人有好处

do some cleaning/cooking/washing/shopping 打扫卫生/做饭/洗衣服/买东西

do up 收拾,打扮;包装

do well in 在......做的好

do with 处理

do wrong 做坏事;犯罪

dozens of 几十

dream of 向往;渴望;梦想

dress up 打扮

drive off 赶走

drive sb mad 使某人发疯

drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人

drop in at some place 顺便拜访某地

E

each other 彼此,互相

earn one's living 谋生

eat up 吃光

either...or… 或者…或者

end in 以......结束,最后

end up 告终

end with 以......结束

enjoy oneself 过得愉快

even though/if 尽管;即使

ever since 自那时起一直到现在

every few years 每隔几年

every other year 每隔一年

every two years 每两年

F

face to face 面对面

fail in doing sth 做某事失败

fail to do sth 没做成某事

fall asleep 入睡

fall behind 落后于

fall ill 生病

far away 遥远的

far from 远离…

feed on 以…为主食

feel free to do sth 觉得自己可以随意做某事

feel like doing sth 想要或喜欢做某事

feel one’s way 摸索着前进

fight about/over 因为…争吵

fight against … 与…作斗争

fight back 抵抗, 反击

fight for … 为… 而斗争

fight off 击退,竭力摆脱

fight on 继续战斗

fight out 通过争斗解决争论,平息不和

fill … with… 用…把…装满

fill in 填充;填写

find out 查明;发现;了解

fire at 朝… 开枪

first of all 首先

fix a date for 确定…的日期

fix one’s eyes upon sth/sb 盯着…看

fix up 安排,安顿

for ever 永远

for example 例如

for fear of/for 由于担心…,因为怕…

for free 免费

for fun 为了消遣

for joy 高兴地

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Ⅶ 高中必修一英语语法总结

求高中必修一英语语法的总结 总之,语法是从语言实践中总结出来的规则,总结是自己的事.别人的总结,给了你,也不能成为你的知识.语法书可以说

Ⅷ 高一英语必修二语法总结

呵呵,自己总结呗!那样记忆才深刻呢!

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