❶ 高一英语主要涉及到哪些语法
首先,我送你一个语法网站,看样子你语法有待加强啊!!
被动语态
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动式。须注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却应该用被动态。还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态,而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象,如:known to man(人类......所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行
同"。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构)的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态,一定对你有所启示。
被动语态(一般现在时)
主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀
一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done,被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must,may,can,shall,will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例:1、主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动:People regard him as brilliant.
被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称foreign friends是复数,时态一般过去时,所以"be done"就是were given,而People regard him as brilliant一句,被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动:
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生严重列车事故,两人死亡,十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的,沉睡着的,或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了,然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。(别人认为他很聪明但不诚实)
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散,妻儿被夺走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在,是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例:1、主动:We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动:English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动:They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动:A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动:They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动:We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动:We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被动:Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用来发电。
7、主动:No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动:He has never been beaten at tennis.
就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题,见否定一讲)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel.
今天是西丽亚的新婚日,她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
过去完成时也是一样:
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动:my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时,发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动:They had build three ships by last December.
被动: By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前,研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后,工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do,被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例:主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被动:Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动:I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动:My second boy will be sent to school next September.
过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
❷ 推荐一下适合高一的英语语法书
有本叫做《魔法英语高中语法》大蓝本,框架很科学很完整 设计得也很便于查阅,有比较全的例句讲解。但是有个别部分是超出高考大钢的,楼主可以注意不用全都记住,了解就好。
权威性:
以教育部最新制定的《英语课程标准》为依据,以九年级现行各种版本英语教材为蓝本,由北京外国语大学资深教授、著名英语语法专家薄冰先生亲自主持编写。
这是薄冰书的简介,精要性:
对普通高中《英语课程标准》中规定的语法项目惊醒精心提炼、重点讲解,其归纳的语法要点高屋建瓴,完全达到了高中英语考试所要求的“九级”标准。
针对性:
开设“迷你讲座”、“重点提炼”、“难点提示”、“名师点津”、“轻松演练”等专栏,条分缕析,逐一讲解、中和训练。并在“轻松演练”部分附简练的“答案解析”,一针见血、一语破的。
趣味性:
突破传统语法书单一枯燥的编排设计,特开设“比较”、“注意”等辅助学习小板块,并在每页页脚精心设计了常用口语,既充分利用了空间,又积累了口语知识。
《三》《无敌的英语语法 高中版》这本书不错啊!很实用
《四》.《薄冰实用语语法详解》——适合高中生使用。
透彻、全面。
《五》.《英语语法手册(5版)薄冰》商务印书馆——薄冰编的所有语法书中——这本国内(针对非英语专业)最好——简明易懂——也适合高中生。
❸ 高一英语要学点什么语法
11. 动词的时态 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 返回动词的时态目录 11.2 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗? 返回动词的时态目录 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 典型例题 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。 返回动词的时态目录 11.4 一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 返回动词的时态目录 11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如: If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 返回动词的时态目录 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排) 返回动词的时态目录 11.7 一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 返回动词的时态目录 11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如: I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
❹ 高一英语语法全部详解
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
❺ 高一英语必修一重点语法
英语语法,本质上不分什么小学语法,中学语法,大学语法,这样分都是瞎搞,误人回子弟。
我们讲中文会分小学答语法,中学语法,大学语法吗?现在有的小学生的语言能力都像大人一样。小学生一样看红楼梦,看水浒。那国外的小学生不是也同样如此吗?
传统的语法教学把语法教的及其混乱和繁琐,毫无章法和体系,且错误百出,整个初高中阶段语法数十节课就可以学透的却折磨了学生数十年。
推荐华东理工大学的《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》,该书是国内第一本系统讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书,是第一本从语言原理层面完整系统的呈现英语语法全貌和完整框架体系的书。该书纠正了传统英语教育的诸多谬误,理清了英语学习的脉络,呈现给读者一个完整系统的英语语法框架体系。
也可以看同名视频课程,短平快,十节课真正理解英语语法,适合那些英语语法混乱毫无章法同学,也适合那些英语还不错,但是没学透无体系遭遇瓶颈无法突破的同学,看完后,对英语的理解有脱胎换骨之感。
学透语法之后的英语继续学习,就可以通过精看美剧进行词汇的学习,听、说、读、写的锻炼。
利用高效系统建立起来的语法知识体系后,可以欣赏美剧、阅读新闻,交友娱乐,快乐的享受英语给你带来的乐趣。
❻ 高一英语都学什么语法麻烦将必修1234语法都详细清楚列一下,(人教版的)
高一有强调句式(必考)特殊句式,定语从句
高二高三动词的时态语态,
情态动词和虚拟语气,(必考)
非谓语动词,(重点)较难
名词性从句,(重点)较难
状语从句,
主谓一致,(重点)
情景交际
❼ 人教版高一英语必修一各个单元的语法知识点
一. 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如:I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数(he she it)则动词要用单三现
二. 现在进行时
1. 说话时正在进行的动作
例如:I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作,多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中,句子中常常有时间状语
例如:The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如:I am always thinking of you.
三. 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如:The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如:The class is twice the size of that class.
四. With的复合结构
1. With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语,如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等,with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如:With so many thing to deal with.
五. 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1.基本表达式(I have been doing )
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
3.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等)
4.有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5.大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如:I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6.表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如:I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢, hate讨厌,等。
注意:比较过去时与现在完成时
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六.过去完成时
1. 概念:表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2. 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七.现在完成进行时
1.其构成形式如下:
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下:
2. 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3.表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4. 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。
6.否定句构成:
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7.一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
❽ 高一英语所有的语法...
look up 抬头向上看
look up to sb尊敬某人 look down on 轻视
a well-dressed lady 一位穿着讲究的女士
glance at 瞥一眼
greet sb with a smile 用微笑打招呼
a senior employee资深的员工
be senior to 比…年长的,资深的
prefer sth to sth 喜欢….不喜欢…..
prefer doing a to doing b喜欢做a不喜欢做b
prefer to do a rather than do b宁愿做a而不愿做b
the way +that 做….的方式,方法
+in which
+ /
more than 超过,不只是,经常
more than speaking and listening 不只是
gesture 手势
expression 表情
expression on your face 你的脸部表情
appearance 外貌,外表
appear 出现,似乎 disappear消失
It appears that….. 似乎,好像
communicate with sb 交流
communicate sth to sb 把(信息,消息)传递给某人
keep up/lose communication with sb 与某人保持/失去联系
leave/make/ give sb a good impression leave/make /give a good impression on sb 给某人留下很好的印象
make sb feel+ adj. 是某人觉得….
decide to do sth 决定做某事
decide on sth= choose 选择
for assistance 为了得到帮助
improve 提高
smile at sb 像某人微笑
enter the classroom 走进教室
enter for 报名参加
it seems to work 这好像起作用了
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事,不愿意做某事
remark 评论 downwards 向下的
sigh for sth 为…..叹气
remind sb to do sth /remind sb of sth /remind sb +从句 提醒某人(做)某事
throughout the history of mankind 在人类历史上
in many situation 在许多情况下
the key to sth ….的关键
signal (n)信号 ,(v)示意,表示
hostility 敌意
confusion 困惑
in western culture 在西方文化里
maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流
contact v. & n. 交往,联系
keep contact with sb 与某人取得联系
lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系
avoid doing 避免做某事
in authority 掌权
as a matter of fact =in fact 事实上
for instance =for example 比如
concentration 专心
concentrate(v.) on sth 集中时间做某事
subtle 微妙的,细微的
consider sth as sth 把…看作…
be considered (as) sth 认为,看作
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
stare at 盯着
be rude to sb = be impolite to sb 不礼貌
boredom 无聊
lack(n.) of sth缺少
lack(v.) sth
respect v.& n. 尊敬
lead to =result in=give rise to导致
lead to this road 通向这条路
unit 2
call on sb =drop in on sb 拜访某人
call at some place =drop in at some place拜访某地
care for your hair 照料你的头发
hairstyle 发型
suit sb 适合某人
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
guarantee sth to sb 向某人保证
be /feel on top of the world 觉得兴高采烈
get advice from expert 从专家那得到建议
curl 卷发
angle 棱角
keep healthy 保持健康
eat a balanced diet 吃均衡的饮食
plenty of 许多,大量
in addition 另外
look after = take care of 照顾
shampoo 洗发剂
it is adj. for sb to do sth
it is adj. of sb to do sth
effective 有效的
conditioner 护发素
apply 使用
apply to 使用,申请,涂
apply to the company for the position 向公司申请某个职位
squeeze out 挤出
damage(v) sth 损害某物
do damage(n) to sth
loosen 使松
dirt 灰尘
comb n.& v. 梳子 梳头发
hairdryer 吹风机
wash out 洗掉
at least 至少
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事(没做)
remember doing sth 记得做过某事(做了)
overuse 过度使用
suggest doing sth 建议做某事
make / put forward a suggestion 提出建议
normal 正常的
wet (v)把….弄湿 Some people…..while others……一些人….然而另一些人…..
bald 秃顶
as a result of 由于
a result of …..的结果
ensure 确保,保证
pay attention to sth/to doing sth 注意
protein 蛋白质
adequate 足够的
eight to ten glasses of water 喝8-10 杯水
keep sth from doing sthe 避免
rob sb of sth 抢了某人的东西
steal sth from sb 偷了某人的东西
shiny 闪亮的
remedy for …..的疗法
rinse your hair 冲洗掉你的头发
help sb/sth do 帮助做某事
regularly 经常的
be sure to 务必,确保
the key to sth …..的关键
dairy proct 乳制品
stress 精神压力
rub your hair 搓你的头发
Unit 3
places of interests = tourist attraction旅游景点
the Great Wall 长城
be interested in 对….有兴趣
show interest in
interests 利益
twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折(v.)
twist the truth 扭曲事实
turn down 拒绝
turn up 出现
turn out 结果是
turn to 求助于
turn over移交
mountain chains 山脉
construction of sth ….的建造
be under construction 在建设中
take shape 成型
be designed by 被谁设计
complete 完成
completion
magnificent壮丽的,宏伟的
from a distance 从远处看
structure 建筑物
base 底座
include 包含---exclude 不包含
gallery (艺术品)展览馆
bronze ware 青铜器
sculpture 雕塑
calligraphy 书法
seal 印章
furniture 家具
it takes+一段时间for sb to do sth 做什么事情花费某人多少时间
historical 有关历史的
historic 历史性的
preserve the buildings 保存,保护这些大楼
preservation 保护区
be admitted to some places被允许进入
admit to doing sth 承认做某事
scenery 风景
landscape,风景,山水
landscape painting 山水画 odd 古怪的,奇数
reflection 倒影,反思
the remains of sth ….的遗迹
ancient temple 古老的庙宇
be the pride of sth 是…..的骄傲
be proud of =take pride in 对…..感到骄傲
abandon v.& n. 放弃
access(n) to sth 到达,有….的权利
access(v) some places
fall of the roman empire 罗马帝国的衰落
stadium 竞技场
fall into ruin 成为废墟
hold more than 5000 people 容纳超过五千人
wonder 奇迹
tomb 坟墓
overlook 俯瞰
sit in the stands 坐在看台上
civilization 文明
be made of 有…..制成(看得到材料)
be made from 有…..制成(看不见材料)
be attracted by 被…吸引
unit4
surprise n. & vt.惊奇,吃惊
to one’s surprise令人惊讶的
be surprised to do sth吃惊的做某事
studio studios演播室
film v.& n.拍摄,电影
director导演
contestant竞争者
contest v.& n.竞争,比赛
contest with=compete with竞争
a speech contest 演讲比赛
whisper 低语
whisper to sb向某人低语
on the stage在舞台上
faint adj &v. & n. 微弱的,晕倒,昏厥
a faint hope 渺茫的希望
faint with 因…..而晕倒
in a dead faint 不省人事
gasp 喘着气说
gasp out 气喘吁吁地说出
off the stage 下舞台
raise one’s hand 举起某人的手
rush forward 冲向
powder one’s face 在脸上抹粉
comb one’s hair 梳头发
make-up artist 化妆师
cue sb 给某人提示
clap拍手
boom 低沉地说
terrific 极好的
be ahead of 领先
tense 紧张的
sit on the edge of one’s seat 坐在座位的边缘
chew one’s fingernails 要手指甲
keep still 静止不动
make sb up 化妆
make up one’s mind 下定决心做某事
make up sth 编造
make up for 弥补
a bag of nerves 一个神经紧张的人
cameraman 摄影师
seat v. 使坐下
quiz 智力竞赛
trend 趋势
entertainment technology 娱乐科技
feel like + n/adj. 感觉就像
feel like sth /doing 想要什么,想要做什么
imax dome theatre 3D电影院
the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
上海科技馆
surround 环绕
surroundings 环境
audience 观众
achieve a similar effect 达到相似的效果
flat-screen宽屏
be suspended on the wall被悬挂在墙上
digital technology 数字科技
be arranged round the viewers被安排围绕着观众
arrange安排
be introced in 被引进
high- quality music 高质量音乐
no longer 不再
record v & n 记录
cassette磁带
stereo立体声的
beat sb 战胜某人
Unit 5
vegetarian 素食者
vegetable 素食
mixed grill 烤什锦
pork chops 猪排
steak 牛排
sausage 香肠
sound good to sb 听起来很好
sound +adj.听起来….
nor more 不再
the program on tv 电视节目
be influenced by 被…..影响
have an influence on = have an effect on
对….影响
on space 在太空
become an astronaut 成为宇航员
instry 工业
instrialization 工业化
spend time on sth 在……花时间
spend time in doing sth
in tiny spaces 在狭窄的空间里
get sick 生病
by the way 顺便说一下
ought to 应该
instead of= in place of 替代
it contains vitamins and minerals 它包含维生素和矿物质
pesticide 农药
be healthy for sb 有助于健康
the best source of energy 能量做好的来源
be full of energy = energetic
the importance of sth …..的重要性.
a variety of sth.多种多样的
advise doing 建议做某事=suggest doing
advise sb (not ) to do 建议(不)要做某事
advise on sth 建议某事
a balanced diet 营养均衡的食物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事
warn sb that从句
lack of (v.)缺少
a lack of (n.)
especially 尤其是,特别是 risk doing (v.) 冒险做某事
run the risk of doing sth
at the risk (n.)of= at the cost of 以 ….为代价
decide on 选定=choose
decide to do sth 决定做某事
tell from 区别
on one hand / on the other hand
在一方面,在另一方面
Crowd 聚集=gather together
Crowded 拥挤的
Pepper 胡椒粉
Grow种植
Cattle牛群appetite胃口
Cheeseburger干奶酪汉堡包
Milkshake奶昔
Increase增加
Heart attack心脏病
Intelligent 聪明的
Unit 6
agriculture 农业
farming务农
farm v. 务农,饲养
natural 自然的
grow plants in soil 在土里种植植物
sources of …..的来源
zone 地区
nourish v. 滋养
nourishment n.滋养
mixture混合物fertilizer肥料
make the best use of 充分利用
experimental research on 关于..的实验性实验
facility 场所
involve 包含
profitable盈利的
chemical化学品
technique科技
prove to 证明
used to do过去常常
get/be used to doing习惯于
economic benefits经济利益
appear amazed to do 看似很惊讶做某事
It appears that 好似
appear to do 好像要做某事
backward 落后的
high-tech高科技的
many forms of 许多形式
cancer癌症
health problems健康问题
as common as像…..一样平常
account for 解释,说明
in moderation 适中
in contrast to 相比之下
stay healthy保持健康
in comparison 与…..相比
be aware of 意识到
experience (v)经受
fortunately 幸运的
weight 重量
❾ 高一英语要学哪些语法
高一英语必修一语法要点一. 一般现在时1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等例如:I am a girl.2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.3. 标志性的词语Always often sometimes now and then 4. 若助于为第三人称单数(he she it)则动词要用单三现二. 现在进行时1. 说话时正在进行的动作例如:I am reading.2.表示即将发生的动作,多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中,句子中常常有时间状语例如:The plane is going to Beijing.3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、All the time等例如:I am always thinking of you.三. 倍数比较1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B例如:The class is twice as big as that one.2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height\depth\+of+B例如:The class is twice the size of that class.四. With的复合结构1. With+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语,如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等,with在复合结构中常作状语2.常用结构○1with+宾语+doing表主动与进行例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.○2with+宾语+done表被动与完成例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.○3with+宾语+to do表将来例如:With so many thing to deal with.五. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1.基本表达式(I have been doing ) I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. 2.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去) I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去) 3.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等) 4.有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。 例如:They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 5.大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 例如:I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去) 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.(动作已经完成) 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 6.表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 例如:I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 I have been knowing... 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢, hate讨厌,等。 注意:比较过去时与现在完成时1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 六.过去完成时1. 概念:表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2. 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 例如:He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 七.现在完成进行时1.其构成形式如下: I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词 He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下: 2. 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如: Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 3.表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如: It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 4. 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如: She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 5. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如: Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 注意: 现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好. He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。 6.否定句构成: 主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词 7.一般疑问句构成: Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他好好努力吧!