⑴ 英语语法 什么是 平衡句
我也同意125557779 的说法来,如自果没错的话,就是指怕出现头重脚轻的现象,这里,“头”即主语,“脚”即后面的宾语或表语。如果一句话真正的主语过长,就会用形式主语it,替代,而把真正的主语放后面,就如125557779 举的例子一样,it是形式主语,后面的to do sth才是真正的主语o(∩_∩)o
⑵ 英语语法基础入门
⑶ 从句[英语语法高手请进]
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
⑷ 英语语法关于主谓宾定状补及从句详细讲解
1、主语:说明动作的执行者,通常情况下它都在句首。
例:He went to work. (He是主语)
2、谓语:说明具体的动作,通常情况下,它都跟在主语的后面。
例:Jason is riding a bike. (is riding就是谓语)
3、宾语:具体动作词的名词或词组,它有直接宾语(指物)和间接宾语(指人)。
例:Give her a book. =Give a book to her. (a book是直接宾语,her是间接宾语)
4、定语:说明或是修饰名词,如:冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词所有格,都可作定语,它的位置不定,有前置定语和后置定语。
例:The pen on the table is mine.(on the table就是pen的后置定语)
5、状语:说明时间、地点、原因、频率、因果、方式的词或词组,它可放在句尾,也可放在句首起强调作用。
例:Often, I walk around the lake after dinner. (Often是一个表频率的状语,放在句首起强调作用;后面的after dinner是时间状语)
6、宾语补足语:进一步说明宾语的状态和特征。
例:I can make the baby laugh.(laugh就是宾语补语,说明宝宝的状态)
7、主语补足语:补充说明主语的形态特征。
例:The deer was caught alive.(那只鹿被活捉,alive就是主语deer的补足语,说明这只鹿还是活的)
8、英语语法中,只有三大从句:定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句。
定语从句就是用一个句子充当定语,组成为先行词+关系词+定语从句,关系词有:that,who,which,whom,as,whose等。
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用,其功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
状语从句就是句子用作状语时,起副词作用,其中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
(4)英语语法结构平衡扩展阅读
英语中五种基本句型
1、主语+谓语
一个句子为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情),最简单的表达方式,就是“谁,怎么样了”。这里的“谁”,就是句子的主语,可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”,就是句子的谓语,由动词充当。主语+谓语,即构成一个最简单的句子。例如:
I dance.
She died.
2、主语+谓语+宾语
宾语从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”,宾语就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。例如:
I hate him.
I dance with her.
3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。例如:
I give him a book. (“给”,这个动作,最终作用的对象是“书”,但需要先通过“他”,把“给”这个动作传递到书)
4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。例如:
I want you to go with me. (我要你,要你干什么呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,这个部分就是宾语补足语。)
5、主语+系动词+表语
表语是跟在系动词后面的,感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。例如:
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
⑸ 初三英语语法时态结构
这个网来站http://www.cnenglish.net/6yufa/里什么都有自啊,你自己去看看吧,很详细的。。!!!
一般现在时的用法
一般过去时的用法
used to/be used to
一般将来时
be going to/will
be to和be going to
一般现在时表将来
用现在进行时表示将来
现在完成时
比较过去时与现在完成时
用于现在完成时的句型
比较since和for
since的四种用法
延续动词与瞬间动词
过去完成时
用一般过去时代替完成时
将来完成时
现在进行时
不用进行时的动词
过去进行时
将来进行时
一般现在时代替将来时
一般现在时代替过去时
一般现在时代替完成时
一般现在时代替进行时
现在进行时代替将来时
时态一致
时态与时间状语
⑹ 英语语法结构
这三种结构的相同点: 意思相同,都表示"众所周知/我们大家都知道"
不同点:用法各不相同.
It is known to us all中的It为形式宾语,因此这种结构后必须接一个主语从句来作真正的主语.
这个主语从句可以是that或wh-类连词引导的从句.即:
It is known to us all+that/what/when/where/how从句.
as is known to us all是由as引导的定语从句,
as指代后面或前面的整个主句,因此as is known to us all结构可放句首,也可放句中或句末,
但一定要用逗号与主句隔开.
what is known to us all是一个名词性从句,常用来作主语从句,用于这个结构中:
What is known to us all is that....
例如: It is known to us all that he will visit our school tomorrow .
=As is known to us all , he will visit our school tomorrow .
=What is known to us all is that he will visit our school tomorrow .
As is known to us all, the earth goes round the sun!
=It is known to us all that the earth goes round the sun!
=What is known to us all is that the earth goes round the sun!
It is known to us all when the meeting will be held .
It is known to us all where the meeting will be held .
It is known to us all why you didn't come to school yesterday.
⑺ 英语中“句子结构平衡”是什麽意思请结合这句话分析分析,谢谢!
句子平衡是为了让句子读着更舒服~(个人理解)
比如你的例句~那个containing....是定语~完全可以放到definitions后面
语法上没有问题,但是为了读着爽点~就放到后面去了
⑻ ★英语语法
你首先把定义搞清,什么是主语从句,什么是定语从句。
主语从句:
1.It is strange that she did not come yesterday.
2.It is a pity that MR.Brown can't attend meeting.
这两个句子的共同特点是that引导的主语从句进行了变形,还原1:
【That she did not come yesterday 】 is strange .
整个句子的主语,是个句子 系动词 表语
整个句子事实上就是:... is strange .省略号部分是主语吧,是个句子吧,它就是主语从句,为什么叫从句,因为它被包含在一个更大的叫主句的句子里。
这样由That引导的句子可以用It替换,而自己完全平移到整个句子后面,就成了:〖It 〗is strange 【that she did not come yesterday】. 这是主语从句的另一个形态,为了平衡结构。你把下列的句子这样做一下看看:
That MR.Brown can't attend meetingis a pity
定语从句一定是由一个THAT/WHICH/AS/WHO/WHEN引导的句子限定前面的一个名词,代词或者句子的。
定语从句:It happened on 〈the day〉【 that he was born】.
黑的方括号里的的句子是限定前面尖括号的词的,根据汉语习惯,翻译的时候要把that he was born提到the day的前面,意思是:“他出生的那天”。方括号里的句子是定语从句,为什么是从句?因为它被包含在更大的句子里。
问题:你看看主语从句里和这个定语从句里黑色方括号的句子作用和意义一样吗?
PS:为了解释清楚,必然繁琐,语法就是这样。耐心看两三遍,没有看懂,说明你你得从语感角度学英语而不是语法;看懂了,50,100你随便加点分。不加也可。祝你学习顺利!
⑼ 英语语法问题
it has been estimated that...
it 是形式主语,that 从句是真正主语。that 从句可以移到句子开头,变为主语从句 That ...has been estimated.
what has been estimated is that...
其中的关系是what = that...。把what 和 is 去掉,也能还原成 That...has been estimated.
as has been estimated, 【estimated 后面有逗号隔开】
as 作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,即逗号后面的句子。
例子:
It has been estimated that around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods. (据估计,2005年中国大约有1/3的碳排放是由于生产出口产品造成的。)
= What has been estimated is that around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods.
= As has been estimated, around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods.
= That around a third of China's carbon emissions in 2005 were e to manufacturing exported goods has been estimated. (这个结构不平衡)