英语名词性从句语法总结

1. 英语语法名词性从句

英语中，有三大从句，名词性，形容词性和副词性，名词性包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语版从句和同位语从句权------名词的最基本用法，有时还可以是补语从句如：she
can
name
her
baby
whatever
she
want
(
to
name
the
baby).形容词性即定语从句，副词性即状语从句。
好了，我给你这些引导词就可以啦。
具体内容可以把这些关键词查找一下就会给你个完整的回应了。

2. 高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结（详细一点）

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。

一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。

定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（as, when, where, why）等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的成分。
一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。如：
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句）
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）
注：1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语）
2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)

二、通常只用关系代词that，不用 which，who或whom的几种情况
1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如：
All that you want are here.
2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如：
There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。如：
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that，但经常可以省略。如：
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。如：
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了。

三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
as 引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与the same，such，so等连用，形式为：the same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事，作宾语)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物，作主语)
注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。如：
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）

四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：
1．定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如：
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2．先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如：
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。
3．当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如：
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。
有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如：
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。

3. 英语语法--名词性从句

首先，名词性从句中宾语从句与其他三个不同，在that;
whether
和if
等的用法上。
其次，版要搞明白做的是哪种权名词性从句。我用的一个笨办法是让学生往前看：没东西了，自然是主语从句，要不就是前面有一个形式主语it，前面是及物动词或介词是宾语从句，前面是系动词是表语从句，前面是一个名词是同位语从句。要关注引导词的细微差别。
最后，扎实的基本知识：从句并不总是老老实实地跟在前面说的那些词的后面，注意颠倒顺序的情况和中间插入其他内容的情况。
其他的可以看语法书讲解：看从句中是否缺成分，弄明白各种引导词的用法和含义。

4. 英语中从句的语法大全

英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

5. 高中英语名词性从句语法

where引导的为地点状语从句 where引导的地点状语从句如 Where there is a will, there is a way.---有志者事竟成。 最大的特点是地点状语从句部分属于从属地位，可以略去而只留主句there is a road。而定语从句需要有先行词 这句话没有先行词 完整说来 这句话地点状语从句where there was violence，加上主句drugs were always behind it这个主从复合句做saw的宾语。
A1：在where there was violence这个状语从句中，连接词where在从句中不做主语或者宾语而只作状语，剩下的there was violence 是主系表 也叫主动补结构。where 和 there没有相互制约 也就是只能用其一的规则。完全是根据句法需要来进行句子编码（encoding）。
A2：这句话链接词是where 在there was violence之前的那个where，很简单 一个连接词连接两句完整句，there was violence和drugs were always behind it.是两个完整句 主谓宾都不缺少，where作为连接词引导地点状语从句。

6. 英语四大名词性从句,详细的语法点

主语从句:主要抄对主语起修饰作用e.g.Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
宾语从句:主要是修饰宾语的e.g.Tell your mother whether you will come home on Friday.
同谓语从句:对句中名词做解释说明e.g.They are investigating the question whether the man is right.
表语从句：做表语的句子e.g.The point is whether we should go there.

7. 英语各种语法的英文名称，例如名词性从句怎么说

1、句式

从句clause

从属句 subordinate clause

并列句 coordinate clause

名词从句 nominal clause

定语从句 attributive clause

状语从句adverbial clause

宾语从句 object clause

主语从句 subject lause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence

并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence

2、时态

时态tense

过去将来时past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense

一般过去时past simple tense

一般将来时future simple tense

现在完成时 past perfect tense

过去完成时present perfect tense

将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时past continuous tense

将来进行时 future continuous tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

(7)英语名词性从句语法总结扩展阅读

句型结构

句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、简单句

基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：

（1）主语+谓语（s.+predicate）

这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。Nobody went.没有人去。

（2）主语+系动词+表语（s.+link v.+predicative）

这种句型称为主系表结构，其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。

（3）主语+谓语+宾语（s.+predicate+o.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。

（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（s.+predicate+oi.+od.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s.+predicate+o.+o.c.）

这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语）

注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.

中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语）

2、It引导结构

It 既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可做人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.）或形式宾语（it + adj. + to do sth.），真实的主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。

It 也用于强调句结构。如想强调某个词或部分，可用it is (was) + 强调部分（主语、宾语或状语） + that(who）…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it 和引词it 的各种用法，重点掌握it 用于前指或后指；引导词it 用于强调结构。

3、并列句

两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

4、复合句

复杂句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。

主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。

8. 英语语法——名词性从句

一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）
whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）
as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, whichever,whomever
连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.

9. 高中英语名词性从句总结 谢谢

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词分类 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略） whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较 whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 常与 "or not" 连用；if 则不可。 5. 引导同位语从句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if，as if和because等连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom等以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。because引导表语从句。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 三、宾语从句 名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） I know (that) he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 四、表语从句 在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 五、同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） 六、名词性that-从句 （1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如： 主语：That she is still alive is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 七、名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语： I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 八、if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 if和whether的区别： 1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如： 例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如： 例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介词后，只能用whether。如： 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如： Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的，我真的不知道。 （例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出） 5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如： 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义. 九、否定转移 1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个星期，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。

10. 英语名词性从句的语法知识

你这个问题太宽泛。只能选择部分回答。

有时因意思表达的需要，要用一个从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，称为名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。名词性从句作为一个整体，本身在整个句子中起一个名词的作用；同时既是从句，就从句内来说，也有主、谓成份。当然，从句要有引导词。

引导词的基本含义及用法
对于引导词要注意两点：a. 本身所含的意思，b. 其在从句中所充当的句子成分。据此，可以分成几类（这是我自己的办法，要比别的办法管用）
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1．That 既无意义，也不在句子中担任成分。
可以说只是一个“标志”，标明所跟的是一个从句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2．Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Whether/if --“是否”；because—“因为”；as if—“似乎”
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don’t have confidence.
3．When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意义，且在从句中担任状语。
When--“。。。的时间”或“何时”；whenever—“无论何时”，作时间状语
Where—“。。。的地点”或“何地”；wherever—“无论何地”，作地点状语。
Why--“。。。的原因”或“为什么”，作原因状语。
How--“。。。的方式”或“怎样”；however—“无论怎样”，作方式状语。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don’t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4．What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意义，且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
What—“。。。的（东西、事情。。。）”或“什么”，whatever—“无论什么”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Which—“哪一个/些”，whichever—“无论哪一个/些”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Who—“谁”，whoever—“无论谁”，在从句中作主语、表语，有时也可代whom，whomever作宾语。
Whom—“谁”，whomever“无论谁”（罕用），在从句中作宾语。
She is sorry for what she said. （她所说的话）（what无疑问含义）
I don’t know what will happen next. （将发生什么事）（what有疑问含义）
I don't know which of us was the more scared. （我们中的哪一个更害怕）
They never found out who the murderer was. （谋杀者是谁）
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. （关于他外出我告诉了谁）
He's good at whatever he is does. （他做无论什么事）
5．What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意义，且在从句中作定语
What—“什么（样的）”，whatever— “无论什么（样的）。作定语。
Which—“哪个/些”，whichever—“无论哪个/些”。作定语。
Whose—“谁的”，在从句中作定语。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. （那个学校）
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. （什么大学）
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. （谁的主意）
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. （无论什么怀疑）
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. （无论什么方法）