① 关于英语中定语从句
假设语气是什么？虚拟语气吧~~~
在"It is time(that)..."句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示专将来，动词形属式用过去式或"should+动词原形"，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。
如：
It's time we went (should go) to bed.我们该上床睡觉了。
It's (high) time we did our homework.我们该做作业了。
② 英语语法，定语从句
不是省略先行词 而是省略关系代词，关系代词在从句中作间接宾语，一般应该用介词to/for加关系代词表达 即相当于间接宾语。如果关系代词前面有介词，则关系代词不能省略，如果介词在定从末尾，则关系代词可以省略。
如he is the man to whom I gave the book.
He is the man (who/whom）i gave the book to。
③ 英语定语从句，语法
定语从句中，连接先行词和定语的叫关系代词或关系副词。有一些情况下，关系代词可以省略：
1、当关系代词所代替的先行词在定语从句中做宾语，关系词可以省略。Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁？
2、当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。
Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas. 中国已不是过去的中国了。
3、关系副词when用于day,year,time少数词后时可以省略（也可换成that）Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国。
4、关系副词where用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。
Thisistheplace(where)theymetyesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
5、当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。
I’mnotthemadman(that)youthoughtme. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。
6、关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，这些连接词都可以省略。
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
如有疑问，请追问，满意，请采纳，谢谢。
④ 英语语法定语从句
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句
The
man
who
you’re
talking
to
is
my
friend.
②
由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The
man
to
whom
you’re
talking
is
my
friend.
I
need
a
pen
with
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
=I
need
a
piece
of
paper
on
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The
man
(who/whom/that)
I
talked
about
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
=The
man
about
whom
I
talked
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
The
palace
(which/that)
I
often
pay
a
visit
to
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
=The
palace
to
which
I
often
pay
a
visit
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②
由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I
live
in
a
house
far
away
from
the
city，
in
front
of
which
is
a
big
tree.
There
is
an
apple
tree
standing
at
the
gate，
on
which
are
many
apples.
This
is
the
man
to
whom
I
gave
the
book.
③
由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of
which/
whom
+名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，
some，
any，
none，
all，
both，
several，
many，
most，
neither，
either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of
whom或of
which连用。
He
has
five
children，
two
of
whom
are
abroad.
(比较：He
has
five
children，
and
two
of
them
are
abroad.)
We
have
three
books，
none
of
which
is/are
interesting.
(比较：We
have
three
books，
but
none
of
them
is/are
interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The
engineer，
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt，
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
The
engineer
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who，
做宾语时用whom；
指物做主语，宾语都用which；
关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
⑤ 关于英语语法——定语从句
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when,
why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year
rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often
talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,
few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone
bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from
big cities.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know
what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was
born.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that
C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that
C。不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could
depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more
powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to
college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to
college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none,
little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the
world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of ty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he
owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the
meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as
引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t
believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,
where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much
money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
⑥ 英语定语从句的主要语法
关系词的选用是重点
一. 选准关系代词和关系副词
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：
（1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together .
（2）I still remember the days when we worked together .
二. 了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况
that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：
1. 先行词是all , much , few , little , everything , anything , nothing 等不定代词时。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy ?
2. 先行词被all , few , little , much , every , some , no 等词修饰或被the only , the very , the same , the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：
These are all the pictures that I have seen .
This is the very dictionary that is of great help .
3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember .
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：
Our school is not the one that it used to be .
5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
This is the best English film that I have ever seen .
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities .
6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree ?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ?
三. 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：
That”s the reason for which he was late for school .
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan .
注意：
1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：
This is the key which you are looking for .
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which .
四. 弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别
1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun .
The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun .
The earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all .
The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young .
2. 词义与联系上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：
Light travels faster than sound , as we all know .
Jack came late for school , which made his teacher angry .
五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.
Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA.
六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠
1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：
（1）Is this factory _____________ we visited last week ?
（2）Is this the factory ____________ we visited last week ?
A. which B. where C. what D. the one
分析：
第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。
第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。
2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代（副）词重叠的成分。例如：
错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday ?
分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去
⑦ 英语定语从句语法。
就是用来形容抄名词或者代词
物用袭Which
人用Who、Whom、Whose
形容整个句子的时候用that（that有时可以省略）
语法就是一个句子里、你要兄容的名词的后面紧跟一个句子、
从句用连接词链接、句子的构造、顺序不变
⑧ 求 关于 英语定语从句的语法[详细的]
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
位置：先行词之后。
关系词常有3个作用：
①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下：
（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
（2）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
2,Which 用来指人或物
(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：
（1）Prosperitywhich / that had neppearsin te. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）
（2）The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。（which / that在从句中作宾语）
whose(只用作定语) “whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西） 例：
A child whose parents are dead is called an arphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲）
He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）
关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语。
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，“which”在从省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]
2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置。
3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；
c）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；
e）整个句中前面已有“which”，“wh”行
关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）
when=ring/ on/ in/…… which（介词同先行词搭配）
1. “where”是关系代词，当然也不用“that”引导。
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用“there is”开头。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
关系副词的用法及说明
关系副词why
关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。
与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如：
That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。
另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。如：
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
关系副词when
关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如：
There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如：
Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。
关系副词where
关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如：
This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
与前面when的情况一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如：
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语。
另外注意，where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如：
We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
There are cases where the word “mighty”is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。
非限制性定语从句
意义：
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如The house,which I bought last year,has a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。 3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关在从句中做主语
（1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。
（2）Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人。
whom指人
注意：关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替，可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语，就用“whom”或“who”。
He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人。
You just met the person who was my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友。
which that 通常指人也可指物
在定语从句中做定语，表所有。
（1）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。
（2）I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中。 “whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替：
（3）What is the color.Football is the game which is liked by most boys.
颜色是什么。足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏。
（4）This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔。
that指人时，相当于“who”或者“whom”；指物时，相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”。
在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
（5）The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 每年来这座城市观光的游客数目上升了100万。
（6）Where is the man this morning? 今天早上这个男人在哪？
when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用。
（1）(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.
why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
（1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
（2）I don't know the reason why he lookswhen/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
介词和关系代词
1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语，且可以省略。例如：
（1）The school（that/which）he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略。
= The school I which hied is very famous.“which”不可省略。
（2）Tomorrow I will bring here 用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.（T=正确）
F This is the watch for which I am looking.（F=错误）
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用“whom”，不可用“who”或者“that”；指物时用“which”，不能用“that”；关系代词是所有格时用“whose”
（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.（T）
The man famous.
（2）I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.
关系代词
关系代词（一般情况下）“that”可用在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语。 “which”指物，在从句句中作主语；
“whom”在从句中作宾语；
“why”在从句中修语，先行词通常是“the reason”；
有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替。
例：A doctor who looks after people's health.
主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词
判断介词和关系代词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
判断改错:
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
解析：
主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（“where”地点状语，“when”时间状语，“why”原因状语）。
先行词和关系词
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （“what”可以用“all that”代替）
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. itB. thatC. whichD. he
答案C。
此为非限定性从句，不能用“that”修饰，而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选“he”句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B
英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. it
答案B
“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”。
（2）动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替。“do”可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。
（3）句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置。
由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊。
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义，而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词。如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). “Which”作主语时，谓语动词不限，主动被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略。
2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语。如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用“which”而不用“as”。如：
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4."as"用法：
1)."as"引导限制性定语从句
a."such....as"
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
b."the same ....as"
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分"the same...as"与"the same....that"："the same..as"指两物相似;"the same...that"引导结果状语从句)
c."as...as"
As many children as came were given some cakes.
2)."as"引导非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的
5. “which”在特殊从定法
（1）不用that的情况
（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。
（错）The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
（b）介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
（2）只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时，只用“that”。
（d）先行词为序数词、数容词，又有物时。
（f）先行词指物，在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时，“that”可作关系副词，也可省略。
（h）主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时，避免重复要用“that”．
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
定语从句只能“that”引导的情况：
1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时，如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行词被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用“that”
“that”在作宾语时可省略。
（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。
（1）The planeis clear. 同位语从句
2、定语从句由关系代for advice.
（3）The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.
（4）The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.
[定语从句]介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系副词不能省略。
2）“that”前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ Do you remember the day when you joined our club？
⑨ 英语语法 关于定语从句
1）先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，
关系代词通常只用回that，
不用which.
2）先行词被序数词、答
形容词最高级、
the
only，
the
very，
the
last等修饰时，
关系代词通常只用that，
不用which.
3）先行词既有人又有物时，
关系代词只用that，
不用which
4）
关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，
通常只用that，
不用which.
5）
句中其他位置已出现which，
为避免重复，
不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。
⑩ 英语语法 定语从句
这些你还是自己看抄书吧，平时认真听课。这里和你讲也会很复杂的
定语从句大类分成限制性和非限制性。
其中限制性定语从句中又有对事物的修饰，对人的修饰以及对人和物共同的修饰。
如果事物作为修行词且没有序数词，最高级的情况下，用that
或
which
，如果做状语，则要用when，where或in
which
如果先行词是一个原因，用why或者for
which
如果先行词是一个人，用who
如果先行词是不定代词，序数词，最高级，关联词只能用that
如果先行词在定语从句中做宾语成分，关联词可以不需要。