『壹』 求概括高中英语各类从句的基本用法
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
(Noun
Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于版名词词组,
它在复合句权中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive
Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which等。
关系副词有:when,
where,
why等。
状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
『贰』 高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结(详细一点)
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
(2) it is +形容词+从句
(3) it is +不及物动词+从句
(4) it +过去分词+从句
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。
定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(as, when, where, why)等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外,还在从句中指代前面的先行词,并在从句中担任一定的成分。
一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言,可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号,表示对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开,是对先行词进行补充说明,相当于并列句。如:
He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。(限定性定语从句)
My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作,他下周将回来。(非限定性定语从句)
注:1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引导时,既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容。如:
He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整个主句,在从句中作主语)
2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如:
As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
3. 在限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;但在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如:
The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
She introced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)
二、通常只用关系代词that,不用 which,who或whom的几种情况
1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如:
All that you want are here.
2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如:
There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时。如:
We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Who is the person that is standing over there?
6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时,关系代词只能用that,但经常可以省略。如:
I know the difference (that) there is between you.
7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时,常用that。如:
He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了。
三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
as 引导定语从句时,可指人也可指物,通常与the same,such,so等连用,形式为:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。(as代替事,作宾语)
I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。(as代替物,作主语)
注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”,指同类事物;that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”,指同一事物。如:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。(类似的笔)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。(同一支笔)
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+which/whom”结构中,介词的选择取决于三种情况:
1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如:
This is the college in which I am studying.
He is the man about whom we are talking.
2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如:
The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。
3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如:
I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
注:不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前,如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配,此时需要根据上下文来确定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。
有时为表意清楚,还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如:
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里,放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
『叁』 高中英语语法解题技巧及名次从句名词从句用法
熟能生巧。学语法必须多练习。你可以试一下 高中英语语法通霸,很不错的一本书。网上能下载电子版。
『肆』 高中英语名词从句判断
第一题 study及物 动词,研究的意思,后跟宾语从句,从句中回human brains ( 主语)答work (谓语)to make computers( 目的状语),从句缺方式状语, 故用 how .
promise 及物动词,后跟宾语从句, 从句缺主语,who和whoever 都可以在从句中充当主语
who 表示特定的人, whoever 表示不特定的人,指 anyone who , 任何一个参加晚会的人。
news 后的从句是同位语从句, 说明news 的内容, that 在从句中不充当句子成分, 是连词
news 后的从句是定语从句,修饰名词news , 这里that 在从句中充当主语,替代news , 是关系代词。
判断方法, news 在从句中不充当成分就是同位语从句,充当成分就是定语从句, 同位语从句中的that 不能用which替代,但定语从句中的that 可以换为which。
『伍』 高中英语名词性从句总结 谢谢
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词分类 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略) whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较 whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,只可用whether: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 常与 "or not" 连用;if 则不可。 5. 引导同位语从句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if,as if和because等连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom等以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。because引导表语从句。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: (1) It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… </B> 三、宾语从句 名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如: He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if: a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留? 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用 不同时态。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时) I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时) I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时) I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 四、表语从句 在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 五、同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如: The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别: </B>that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略) 六、名词性that-从句 (1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: 主语:That she is still alive is her luck.她还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that…有必要…… It is important that…重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…众所周知…… It has been decided that…已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句 It appears that…似乎…… It happens that…碰巧…… It occurred to me that…我突然想起…… 七、名词性wh-从句 1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如: 主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语:I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。 八、if, whether引导的名词从句 1)yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如: 主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。 宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 2)选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 if和whether的区别: 1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如: 例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。 (例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出) 5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如: 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义. 九、否定转移 1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。 注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个星期,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
『陆』 高中英语语法 的名词性从句
名词性从句
名词性从句就是在句子中充当名词功能的以相关从属连词引导的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。
1.主语从句:以连词 that what whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever where when how why 引导,在句子中充当主语。
例:What she said is not yet known.
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
Whoever comes is welcome.
That she will do well is her exam is certain.(It is certain that she will do well in her exam.)
注:it 为形式主语,
2.宾语从句:以连词 that who whom whose what 等引导,在句子中充当宾语。
例:He told us that he felt ill.
Everybody knows what happened.
I doubt whether he will succeed.
I wonder what he is writing about.
3.表语从句:以 that whether who whom whoever when where when 等引导,在句子中充当表语。
例:The trouble is that I lost his address.
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
That was what she did this morning.
This is why we puts off the sports meeting.
4.同位语从句:同位语从句有自己的先行词,它跟定语从句很相似,先行词包含从句中所含内容,从句不起修饰作用。我们将在学习定语从句时,在加以详细比较,多用在连词what 引导。(不用which,此外还可用whether who where 等也可以引导。在这章中我们着重学习that whether 引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的先行词常用的有:fact news idea whether reply promise truth report remark 等。
例:I heard the news that the Chinese football team defeated the Japanese team
last night.
I have no idea whether he will come or not.
They were all much worried over the fact that you were sick.
关于名词性从句的学习主要是我们应在学习中加以练习,在练习中反复学习,在多次重复学习和练习中加以掌握。
『柒』 高中英语名词性从句语法
where引导的为地点状语从句 where引导的地点状语从句如 Where there is a will, there is a way.---有志者事竟成。 最大的特点是地点状语从句部分属于从属地位,可以略去而只留主句there is a road。而定语从句需要有先行词 这句话没有先行词 完整说来 这句话地点状语从句where there was violence,加上主句drugs were always behind it这个主从复合句做saw的宾语。
A1:在where there was violence这个状语从句中,连接词where在从句中不做主语或者宾语而只作状语,剩下的there was violence 是主系表 也叫主动补结构。where 和 there没有相互制约 也就是只能用其一的规则。完全是根据句法需要来进行句子编码(encoding)。
A2:这句话链接词是where 在there was violence之前的那个where,很简单 一个连接词连接两句完整句,there was violence和drugs were always behind it.是两个完整句 主谓宾都不缺少,where作为连接词引导地点状语从句。
『捌』 高中的英语语法,从句部分的讲解
高三英语语法重点难点点拨 <<陈老师课堂>>
高中英语状语从句讲解
一.原因从句
1. 由as/because/since 引导的原因从句:
We camped there as/because/since it was too dark to go on.我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑,不能再继续往前走了。
As/Because/Since it was too dark to go on,we camped there.因为天太黑不能再继续往前走,我们就在那儿露宿了。
2. in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that来表示,但不能用because: As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as well give me a hand.既然你在这儿,就帮我个忙吧。
As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French,he’d better do the talking.既然汤姆懂法语,最好让他来谈。
二.结果从句
结果状语从句——引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that, so…that, such that, such…that, that等。当从句前面有逗号时,so that中that可省略,如:
It was dark, so (that) we could see nothing in front of us.
“So + 形容词 / 副词 + that”是引导结果状语从句的常用结构,如:
He talked so loud that he annoyed the speaker. He was so brilliant that he made a lot of inventions.
“such (a) + 形容词 + 名词 + that”与“so…that”的意义相同,如:
It was such a hot day that people could not go out. He painted such beautiful pictures that the visitors were lost in admiration.
such/so…that引导的结果从句
A such是形容词,用于形容词+名词结构之前:
They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.他们有一条如此凶猛的狗,以致没人敢靠近他们家。
He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他说了这么长时间,以致在座的人都犯困了。
B so是副词,用于副词和不带名词的形容词之前:
The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered up.雪下得这么快,以致我们的脚印很快就被雪盖住了。
His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他的讲话这么长,以致在座的人都开始犯困了。
Their dog was so fierce that no one dared come near it.他们的狗太凶猛了,所以没人敢靠近它。
such不能用于much和many之前,so可用于后跟名词的much和many之前:
There was so much st that we couldn’t see what was happening.灰尘太大了,使得我们看不清发生了什么事。
So many people complained that they took the programme off.抱怨的人太多,所以他们取消了那个节目。
C 注意:such+a+形容词+名词可由so+形容词+a+名词来代替,所以such a good man可由so good a man来代替。这只能在名词前面有a/an的情况下使用。
热点之一:含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装
此类副词有:not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等。例如:
Not a single word did he say at the meeting.(在会上,他什么也没说。)
热点之二:含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装
此类连接词有:not only...but also,neither...nor...,no sooner...than,scarcely...when,hardly...when等。请看例句:
No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.(她一出门电话就响了。)
热点之三:搞清so(nor ,neither)+助动词+主语与so(nor ,neither)+主语+助动词之间的区别
前者表示重复前句部分的内容,译为“也是如此”。而后者表示对前句内容的进一步肯定或证实,译为“确实如此”。例如:
Lily can't answer the question.Neither can I.莉莉不能回答这问题。我也不能。
Tom was late for school yesterday.So he was. 汤姆昨天上学迟到。他确实如此。
热点之四:省略if的虚拟条件句以had /were /should开头引起的部分倒装
这是虚拟语气中比较特殊的一种,其实质就是省略if后引起的变化。如:
Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.(要是他努力学习的话,他是会通过考试的。)
热点之五:not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装
not until意为“直到……才……”,位于句首时引起后面的主句倒装。如:
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.老师来了他才完成作业。
热点之六:only短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
only放在句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,常引起后面句子部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you learn English well.只有通过这种方式,你才能把英语学好。
让步从句
它们由下列词来引导:although,though,even though,even if,no matter,however有时也可以使用whatever。as也可以,但是只限于形容词+as+be结构。
Although/Though/Even though/Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite.尽管/即使/纵然/即使你不喜欢他,你仍可有礼貌一些。
No matter what you do,don’t touch this switch.无论怎样,都别碰这个按钮。
However rich people are,they always seem anxious to make more money.无论人们多么富有,他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。
However carefully you drive,you will probably have an accident eventually.无论你开车多小心,最后你大概还会出车祸。
Whatever you do,don’t tell him that I told you this.无论如何,别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。
Patient as he was,he had no intention of waiting for three hours.哪怕他再有耐心,也不打算等上三个小时。
比较从句
He didn’t play as well as we expected/as well as you(did).他打得不如我们预料的好/你打得好。
He sings more loudly than anyone I’ve ever heard/than anyone else (does).他唱得比我听到的任何人唱得都响/比任何人都声音响。
You work harder than he does/than him/than I did at your age.你比他干得卖劲/我在你这个年龄时干得卖劲。
时间从句
A 时间从句由下列表示时间的连词来引导:
after immediately till/until no sooner…than when as soon as since whenever before the sooner while hardly…when the minute the moment
B 时间从句中不用将来时态。
1 如将下列将来时态放入时间从句中,须将它变为一般时态。
You’ll be back soon.I’ll stay till then.= I’ll stay till you get back.你会很快回来,我一直等到那时。
C since从句
since从句后面常跟完成时态
They’ve moved house twice since they got married./Since they got married,they’ve moved house twice.他们结婚后已搬了两次家。
He said he’d lived in a tent since his house burnt down.他说自从他的房屋被烧毁后,他就一直住在帐篷里。
It’s ages since I sailed/have sailed a boat.我未驾驶帆船已有好多年了。
I haven’t sailed a boat since I left college.自从我大学毕业后就没再驾驶帆船了。
D after从句
after从句之后常跟完成时态:
After/When he had rung off I remembered… 等他把电话挂断后,我才想起……
After/When you’ve finished with it,hang it up.你用完了之后,请把它挂起来。
E hardly/scarcely… when,no sooner… than
The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.= Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.演出刚开始就停电了。
这里可以用scarcely代替hardly,但不常见。
He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.= No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.他喝咖啡没多一会儿,就犯困了。
He no sooner earns any money than he spends it.= Immediately he earns any money he spends it.他钱一挣到手,就花光了。
注意the sooner…the sooner的用法:
The sooner we start,the sooner we’ll be there.我们动身得越早,到那儿就越早。