① 初二英语新目标上学期语法要点
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事，培养提高自己的交际能力。
3．正确使用should和ought to。
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。
decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验。
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意为“投票反对”。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是，乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of意为“主管，主持；负责”。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议？
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后，家务事全由她负责。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。
注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分。
be responsible for意为“对……负责”。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢？
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心，我会给你付钱的。
（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦，我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来。
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语。
②try on意为“试穿”。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”。
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的，紧张的”，形容词作表语，可以与动词get/ feel，系动词be连用。
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时，则不用介词to。way为名词，意为“路；道路”，其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.，意为“在去……的路上”。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上，我看到一些美丽的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任。
（2）return在句中意为“归还”，相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆。
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词，表示“孤单的，孤独的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表语，又可作定语。lonely修饰物时，意为“荒凉的”。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后，他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村。
②alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，通常只用作表语。用作副词，表示“独自地，单独地”之意，相当于by oneself。此外，alone用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有，唯有，仅仅”。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。
③lonely指人孤独寂寞，或指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独，独自一人”，不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”，是完全否定。
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的。
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑。
② 新目标八年级上册英语每单元课文与语法
动词
一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。
1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。
eg:
We study English very hard.
She has a book in her hand.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be, look, sound, get, become等。
eg:
My parents are both farmers.
The milk tastes terrible.
The song sounds good.
3. 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等。
eg:
Do you have a brother?
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
4. 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。
eg: Can you sing the English song?
Everyone must get to school on time.
二. 动词的时态：
（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。
eg: He reads newspapers every day.
He read the newspaper yesterday.
He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.
（二）一般现在时：
1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。
在加词尾-s时要注意：
情况 加法 例词
一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es try－tries
carry－carries
读音：
情况 读法 例词
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 〔s〕 helps, hates, asks, laughs
在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 〔iz〕 faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges
在其他情况下 〔z〕 plans, cries, shows
2. 一般现在时主要表示：
（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等
eg: We always help each other.
It often snows in winter.
I get up early every morning.
（2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
（3）表示客观、普遍真理
eg:
Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth.
3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。
eg: Do you like English?
Do they have story books?
What does she do every evening?
Is she at home?
Are you good at English?
4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not（don’t）或does not （doesn’t）＋动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。
eg:
I don’t like oranges at all.
She doesn’t work in the TV station.
They aren’t students.
I’m not busy every weekend.
三. 现在进行时：
1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are＋动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下：
（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如：
stay－staying do－doing
listen－listening suffer－suffering
work－working spend－spending
look－looking
（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：
make－making take－taking
give－giving ride－riding
please－pleasing refuse－refusing
close－closing operate－operating
（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：
put－putting sit－sitting
run－running win－winning
begin－beginning
2. 现在进行时的用法
（1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。
eg: What are you reading now?
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
（2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
eg: They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
（3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。
eg: When are you leaving?
Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?
3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
I am not working.
What are you reading now?
How are you feeling today?
The train isn’t arriving soon.
四. 一般过去时：
1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。
构成规则 原形 过去式
一般在动词末尾加-ed work
plant
play worked
planted
played
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like
live
change liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed plan（计划）
stop
drop planned
stopped
dropped
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-ed carry
study
cry carried
studied
cried
否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简单回答
I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did.
No, he /she /it didn’t.
We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did.
No, we didn’t.
They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did.
No, they didn’t.
2. 一般过去时的基本用法：
（1）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等）
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?
（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。
eg: Last term we often did experiments.
He always went to work by bus.
五. be going to 表示一般将来
1. 用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成（am, is, are）
eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.
It’s going to rain this afternoon.
I’m going to be a pilot when I grow up.
2. be going to 的否定句在be动词后加上not；be going to 的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.
I’m not going to tell you about it.
Who’s going to use it?
Is your sister going to bring your lunch?
What are you going to do next Sunday.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）
一. 改错：
例1：The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.
1. He very likes swimming.
2. He can helps you.
3. We haven’t a good time.
4. What are you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish smells not good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.
8. There have many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses is broken.
10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.
11. What colour are her hair?
12. Does he his homework?
13. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I like.
14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.
15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.
16. I have no brother and sister.
二. 连词组句：
1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often
2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the
3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, ring, the, to
4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?
5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?
6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds
7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?
8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?
9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do?
10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, aren’t, lot, there, of, are, there
三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空：
1. There （be）______some glasses on it.
2. He （go）______to the park every day.
3. My uncle （live）______ in Nanjing now.
4. ______ Lucy and Lily （like）______China?
5. Li Lei（not like）______ to drink orange soda.
6. The girl （go）______ home at 4:30 in the afternoon.
7. ______ Kate （speak）______ French? Yes, she does.
8. Jim （not ride）______his bike often.
9. If he （be）______ free tomorrow, he （go）______ with us.
10. As soon as they （get）______ there next month, he （call）______me.
11. ______Li Ming’s father （have）______ his lunch at home?
12. Tom （not do）______the morning exercises often.
13. I （be）______ hungry and my sister （be）______ thirsty.
14. The baby （have）______ curly hair.
15. Everybody （have）______ a chance to win.
16. I （clean）______ my room once a week.
17. Nobody（tell）______ them anything.
18. There （be）______ a lot of chicken on the plate.
19. Mr. Li （teach）______ the second grade.
20. The boy （watch）______ TV every evening.
21. Mary （play）______the violin quite well.
22. David （study）______Chinese and I （study）______ English.
23. The game （be）______ interesting.
24. Many children （be）______ on the playground.
25. He （have）_______ a good time at your party.
26. I （have）______ a new bicycle.
四. 用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. Tom and his father ______（swim）now.
2. Look! They ______（run）along the street.
3. We ______（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month.
4. What ______he ______（do）at nine o’clock last night?
5. They ______（listen）to the music at that time.
6. When the headmaster came in, the students______（read）the text.
7. We ______（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang.
8. She ______（make）the paper flowers the whole night.
9. A: _______ you ______（studying）English?
B: Yes, I am.
10. Let’s go out. It ______（not rain）now.
11. Hurry up! Everybody ______（wait）for you.
12. A: ______（you / listen）to the radio?
B: No, You can turn it off.
13. I ______（watch）TV at seven o’clock yesterday evening.
14. A: What ______（you / look）for?
B: I ______（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it.
15. Look. It ______（rain）hard. We’ll get wet if we go out.
五. 选词填空：
（一）选词填空：
1. I ______（am, is, was, were）busy last week.
2. Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.
3. I ______（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day.
4. Rose ______（does not, didn’t, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month）
5. There ______（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago.
6. Mother ______（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night.
7. It ______（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year.
（二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
1. My uncle in London ______（send）a birthday present to me yesterday.
2. When ______（be）you born?
3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he ______（phone）me.
4. When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.
5. We were watching TV when the light ______（go）out.
6. He said he ______（not like）maths at all.
（三）用括当的词完成下列句子。
1. ______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _______it for you.
2. Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday?
No, he _______. He came home at six.
3. What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera.
4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.
5. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.
六. 完成下列句子：
1. 你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。
What _____ your brother _____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
Yes, she ________.
【试题答案】
1. He likes swimming.
2. He can help you.
3. We don’t have a good time.
4. What do you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish doesn’t smell good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left.
8. There are many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses are broken.
10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand.
11. If he doesn’t feel well he will go to visit the History Museum.
12. What colour is her hair?
13. Does he do his homework?
14. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I do.
15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening.
16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday.
二.
1. I often listen to the radio in the morning.
2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital.
3. He never goes to the cinema ring the weekdays.
4. Have you got a new computer?
5. Does he have a rest on weekends?
6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds.
7. How often do you visit the science museum?
8. Is there any food in the kitchen?
9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day?
10. There are a lot of vegetables but there aren’t many apples there.
Or: There are a lot of apples but there aren’t many vegetables there.
三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn’t like
6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn’t ride
9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have
12. doesn’t do 13. am, is 14. has
15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is
19. teaches 20. watches 21. plays 22. studies, study
23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have
四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing
4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading
7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying
10. isn’t raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening
13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking
15. is raining
五.
（一）1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not
5. were 6. was 7. rained
（二）1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 4. knocked 5. went
6. didn’t like
（三）1. Did, made 2. come, didn’t 3. did, buy 4. was
5. caught
六.
1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer
2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.
3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science
4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play
5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is
③ 新目标初二上学期所有的语法知识点
动词时态是英语语法的重点，下面把初中的动词时态给你梳理了一下。希望对你有所帮助。
一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
④ 八年级 上 人教版新目标 各单元语法
1、 Feel well/bad
2、 Wake up (somebody)—fall asleep
3、 As soon as
4、 Be busy doing/with something
5、 Stop doing/to do/somebody from doing
6、 Go down
7、 Have something to do
8、 Sleeping pills
9、 Be awake—be asleep
10、 Light music
11、 In the band
12、 Try something/doing something
13、 Try to do something
14、 A piece of music
15、 Again and again
16、 系动词：be/sound look seem smell taste feel/get turn become
17、 Look nice on
18、 Be/keep quiet
19、 Instead of something/doing
20、 Make trouble
21、 enough+名词/形容词或副词+enough
22、 Be thin/fat
23、 Nothing much wrong/nothing serious
24、 Look over
25、 At the weekend
26、 have been to+地点
27、 Land on
28、 Pull something out of/up from
29、 Keep something cool
30、 All by oneself=alone
31、 Perhaps=maybe
32、 No longer=no more=not any longer=not any more
33、 Get back/get something back
34、 Sooner or later
35、 Drop something
36、 Run after
37、 Run away
38、 Eat up
39、 On the bank
40、 A few--few
41、 A little--little
42、 A little=a bit
43、 Pass something to somebody=pass somebody something
44、 Help oneself to
45、 Hot food
46、 Seem to do/that
47、 Fast food
48、 Be popular with
49、 Enjoy/enjoy oneself
50、 Enjoy something/doing
51、 Have a taste/taste like
52、 In the city of
53、 Both of/both And B
54、 Either or/either of
55、 Neither nor/neither of
56、 Agree with/to
57、 With—with out
58、 Take away—home cooking
59、 Take a seat
60、 By the window
61、 Take one’s order
62、 Go/walk alone/up/down
63、 Go on
64、 Cross=go across
65、 Take the first crossing on the right=turn right at the first crossing
66、 At/in the corner
67、 Be sick/ill
68、 In hospital
69、 In the hospital
70、 Arrive at/in / get to / reach
71、 At the end of
72、 Feel like doing
73、 Look over
74、 Wake somebody up
75、 It takes somebody + time + to do
76、 Be wake—be strong
77、 Quite a long way
78、 Had better do/not do
79、 Be happy/sorry/sad to do
80、 Look around
81、 情态动词:can/can’t/may/must/mustn’t/have to
82、 Be sure about/of/to do/that
83、 In time/on time
84、 Make one’s way to
85、 The sign of
86、 Just then/just now
87、 Make a noise
88、 Stand a line
89、 Wait for one’s turn
90、 Stop doing/to do
91、 Jump the queue
92、 At the head of
93、 Laugh at
94、 Make a mistake
95、 Throw something about
96、 In fact
97、 At midnight
98、 Ring the door bell
99、 Complain about
100、 Quarrel with somebody
101、 Agree with somebody\\something
102、 Agree with something
103、 No longer (在句子中间)
104、 No more (在句子尾部)
105、 Not too bad
106、 Not at all
107、 在……时间之后 after (过去时)\\in (现在时)
108、 Wake somebody up
109、 Stop somebody from doing
110、 Spend on something
111、 Spend in doing
112、 So +助+主(做相同的事情)
113、 So+主+助(同意前者的说法)
参考资料：http://www.aqlife.com/TopicOther.asp?t=5&BoardID=21&id=18967
1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。
The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。
3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。
4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。如：
Please show me your picture.
－Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don
⑤ 新目标八年级上册英语第四单元语法总结
找每个单元的语法功能，不出意外的话就在那里
⑥ 新目标英语八年级上Unit6sectionb重点语法及知识点
我也是初二滴，没有课件，但有一套总结的知识点，你看看哈，希望能对你有帮助。
阅读34页，内容详解；
" I think a good friend makes me laugh "我认为好朋友能使我开心
make这里是实义动词，表示'使。。。’让。。。’常见的实义动词还有have,let .其特点是make加人（宾语，代词用宾格）加动词原形（宾语补足语）。make加宾语加形容词（宾补）
"For me,a good friend likes to do the same things as me" 对于我来说，好朋友喜欢做与我同样的事
the same as,和。。。一样。
for me 对我来说 for sb. 就某人而言 ，对某人来说
阅读35页，内容详解
这个好多的。。。都是宾语从句，定语从句的笔记，你自己在家看语法书大概就行
"He always beats me in tennis"打网球时他总是击败我
beat，及物动词 后面加比赛的对手
win，后面加比赛，游戏，奖品，奖项等
阅读36页，内容详解
"He can't stop talking"他总是没完没了地说话
stop talking,停止谈话
stop doing sth. 停止做某事（指停止正在做的事）
to do sth. 停下来去做某事（指停止原来做的事去做另外一件事）
一共就这么多哈，不会的可以再问我，祝你学习愉快
⑦ 初二英语上册（新目标）第九、十单元的重点语法 急~~
Unit 9
1. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 2. start / begin doing (to do) sth. 开始做某事3. first have a party 首次举行聚会
4. be born 出生 5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
6. for example 例如…… 7. too…to… 太……而不能……8. a professional soccer player 一个专业的足球运动员
9. a famous movie star 一位著名影星 10. all his free time 他的全部空闲时间 / 业余时间
11. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事
12. a famous violinist 一位著名小提琴家 13. become a skating champion 成为滑冰冠军
14．a great Brazilian soccer player 一位伟大的巴西足球运动员 15. the 70－year history 七十年的历史
16. the International Piano Competition 国际钢琴比赛 17. at the age of 在……（多大年龄）的时候
18. major in sth． 主修某科目 19. take (an active) part in (积极)参加 20. because of 因为
21. the number one women’s singles player 女子单打头号种子选手 22. a comedy called … 一个名叫……的喜剧
23. She was born in 1973．她出生于1973年。
24. You are never too young to start doing things. 你多早开始做事都不为过。
25. spend all the free time with sb. 与… … 度过全部的空闲时间 26. He is alive . 他还活着。
27. He began to learn the accordion when he was a small boy . 当他还是个孩子的时候就开始学手风琴了。
28.How old are you when you started learning English ? 你多大开始学习英语的？
Unit 10
1. grow up成长 2. a professional basketball player 一位职业篮球运动员
3. a computer programmer 一位电脑程序设计师 4. take （acting）lessons 上(表演)课
5. somewhere interesting 有趣的地方 6. a part-time job 一份零工，一份兼职工作
7. a/one year or two = one or two years 一两年 8. save some money 省钱；攒钱
9. make money 挣钱、赚钱 10. at the same time 同时 11. all over the world 全世界
12. send… to… 送……到…… 13. get good grades 取得好分数(成绩)
14. communicate with sb. 与……交际；与……交流 15. a teaching job 一份教学的工作
16. a foreign language teacher一位外语教师 17. practice basketball 练篮球
18. study computer science 学习电脑科学 19. move somewhere interesting 搬到某个有趣的地方
20. hold art exhibitions 举行艺术展览 21. travel / tour all over the world 到世界各地去旅行
22. make the soccer team 组建个足球队 23. learn a foreign language 学习一门外语
24. get sth. from sb. 从某人那儿获得到某物
25. exercise more to (keep fit = keep healthy=stay healthy )多做运动来保持健康26. leave her job 离职，辞职
27. write for … 为……写东西 28. have a welcome party 举行一个欢迎会 29. move to … 搬到某地
30. think of a six-point plan 想出一个六点计划 31. some American exchanged students 一些美国交换生
32. make New Year’s resolutions 制定新年打算 33. in the speech competition 在演讲比赛中
34. find a job as a language teacher 找一份当语言教师的工作
1. What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大了要干什么?
2. I'm going to be a computer programmer. 我要成为一名电脑程序设计师。
3. How are you going to do that? 你打算怎样去做呢？
4. I'm going to take acting lessons．我要去上表演课。
5. When I grow up, I’m going to do what I want to do. 我长大后我要做我想做的事。
6. I’m going to study French at the same time．同时，我要学法语。
7. I’m going to get good grades．我要取得好成绩。
8. We’re going to build a bigger subway . 我们要建立一个更大的地铁。
⑧ 人教版新目标初二英语上第四单元的语法要点
far+from depend+onmust+V原ill为表语形容词近义词sickso mucha number of相当于many 许多的意思a small number of一少部分a large number of 一大部分the number of ....的数量around the word=all over the word全世界重点语句1.can I help you？2.how far is it from here?3.how long does it take?4.thank you very much 5.you are welcome6.how do you get to school重点语法1.by+交通工具名词2.by+交通路线位置3.in+交通工具名词4.on+限定词+交通工具名词5.take a、the+交通工具名词6.ride+限定词+交通工具名词7.fly+to表示乘飞机；飞往8.表示步行去某地可用go to+某地+on foot，也可用walk to+某地9.not all译为不都相当于all..not...10.leave for意为动身去...11.leave..for...意为离开去...12.It takes +一段时间+to do sth以为做某事花费某人多长时间
⑨ 八年级下册英语语法重点（新目标）
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…抄until…
14. make room for sb.
IV. 重要语法
1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
5. 冠词的用法；
6. 动词的过去进行时；
【考点扫描】
⑩ 新目标八年级英语下册1至4单元语法重点
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
一．短语归纳
1. take the subway to … = go to … by subway 搭地铁
2. take the train to … = go to … by train 坐火车
3. take a bus to … = go to …by bus = go to … on a bus 乘坐公共汽车
4. take a taxi to … = go to … by taxi 坐的士
5. ride a bike/ bicycle to… = go to … by bike/ bicycle 骑自行车
6. walk to… = go to … on foot 步行
7. take a car to… = go to … in a car= go to … by car 坐汽车
8. get to school 到达学校get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达 (in加大地方at加小地方)
9. 10 kilometers from school 离学校10公里（远）
10. from…to… 从…到… from his home to school 从他家到学校
11. how （用于提问状态和交通工具） 怎样
how long 用来询问时间的长度（用于提问时间段 多长（时间）） 或物体的长度
how often （用于提问频率） 多久时间一次
how far （用于提问距离） 多远
how many 用于提问数量） 多少
how much（用于提问数量/价钱） 多少/多少钱
how soon“过多久”，用来询问某事要在多久以后才能发生
12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐
13. leave for school 出发去学校
14. the early bus 早班车
15. take sb. to school 带某人去学校
Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校
16. bus ride 搭公车的路程
17. bus stop 公车亭
18. bus station 公车站
bus stop 是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽车站。现在的英语 尤其是美式英语里，二者的区分不是太细。
19. train station 火车站
20. subway station 地铁站
21. think of 认为
22. around the world=all over the world 遍及全世界
22.the school bus 校车
23. in North /South America 在北/南美洲
in the north/south/east/west of American 在美国的北/南/东/西部
24. on the school bus 乘/坐校车
25. in other parts of the world 在世界上的其他地方
26. the other （两者中的）另一个
27. others = other (students) 其他的（学生）
28. things are different 情况不同
29. be different from 与…不同
be the same as 与……一样
30. make a difference 产生差异
31. depend on 取决于/依赖/依靠
In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on 视……而定；决定于
I haven’t a car, I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。
32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school 坐船去上学
33. must be 肯定/一定是
34. a lot more fun 更多的乐趣
35. not all students并非所有的学生
36. the most popular ways /means最流行的方式
means of transportation 交通方式
In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。
37. a small number of 小部分的
A small number of students take the subway to school.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
38. a large/ great number of 大多数的
☆ a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many
可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。
☆ the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “…..的数量”
A great number of students are young.
The number of them is 2,200.
39. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
ill和sick 都可作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 但是He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语，此时不能用ill）ill(形容词)：illness（名词） 40. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事☆ worry about sb/sth=be worried about ….为某人/某事担心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.
41. take a shower淋浴
42.at around six thirty在大约六点半around 作介词时，是“大约、将近”的意思时，常与数词连用 He leaves for school at around six thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校leave for 动词短语，意思是“去（某地）” 见3单元重点短语归纳中的详解43. five minutes’walk步行五分钟的路程44. Don’t worry. 别担心45. in Chinese 用汉语 46.How/ What about…？How/ What about…？常用来询问和建议，其中about是介词，其后跟名词、代词及动名词，意思是“……怎么样？……如何？”How about trying again? 再试一下如何？
给我邮箱吧，发不了这么多
行吗