❶ 2011届高三英语定语从句第一轮复习语法
定义
I. 定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句
成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人,物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that 人,物 主语
宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语
宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人,物 主语
宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间
状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点
状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因
状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
Ⅱ. as与which的区别:
定语
从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
Ⅲ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
一、考点聚焦
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词:when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。如:
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰,或句型as many(much)中,从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意:区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / ring which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
二、精典名题导解
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
解析:答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析:答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析:答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
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❸ 高三英语一轮复习方法
英语最重要的是靠基础,没有基础,英语永远学不好。我个人认为英语的语法是好重要的。我觉得英语基础不好的人应该先学一下语法,语法好无聊,但好重要,拿起一本语法书,无从入手,所以你要精学。基础不要的同学主要就是要搞清楚词性(名词,形容词,副词之类的),成分(主语,谓语,宾语等等)。这些基础的东西高中的语法书是没有的,初中的才有,我就是看<无敌英语语法>初中版的… 了解完词性和成分之后,就要看句子的结构(主句和从句,主句是什么,从句是什么...简单句和复杂句…倒装句等等等)基础好的同学会学得比较顺手,这里有一个误区,有些同学只看语法书上的中文,其实学的时候要结合所给的英文句子去学…基础较好同学,单词,短语,句子都好重要…不要死记单词,记的时候要学会造句..学会怎么去应用..还有,要提高英语的话,练习十分十分重要的,高考之前的4个月,我每天都会做2篇以上的阅读,要保持语感..
另外,
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自己把高中所有语法知识的大题系写出来才能强化记忆。
1、名词类,你要掌握名词的单复数变形问题以及所有格问题。
2、冠词,包括不定冠词,定冠词以及零冠词的使用,还有冠词后置。
3、代词。
4、然后是介词,这个主要是看你平时掌握的短语词组情况,如果有忘记的这时一定要记好了。5、形容词和副词是一大块,动词和动词短语也是的。
6、情态动词的用法。虚拟语气的使用。动词的时态问题,动词的语态问题,以及三大非谓语动词。
7、词这一关过了之后就是句子了,简单句,并列句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句。
8、主谓一致在句中的用法。
9、一些句中的语法现象,包括,数词的使用,强调句,倒装句,替代和省略。
这都是很大块的语法,其中每一块又包含很多小的部分,一直到落实反应在具体的语句上,需要你认真记吧!加油!
记得在笔记本上记下经典例题