㈠ 初一英语语法重点和句型以及练习题！！急急急！！
初一英语语法总结
一、 词法 1、名词A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词 A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句 肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句
a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时
表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
㈡ 七年级英语重要语法项目专项练习人称代词和物主代词练习(解释)
人称代词可以做主语 宾语 谓语 同位语等 功能很全面 其中有如下几个：她 she 他回 he 它 it
他们 they 我 I 我们 we
物主代词答指代食物对象本身，表所属关系 ： 她的 her 他的 his 它的 its 我的 my 我们的 our 他们的 their's
㈢ 初中英语语法练习
初中英语语法练习题
1( ) 1 -Have you got some water to drink?
-Here you are. There___ still some in the bottle.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
( ) 2 _____ there many American friends in the school last Friday?
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( ) 3 There ____ a great many accidents last year.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
( ) 4 -How many children ____ in the picture?
-Three.
A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there
2
( ) 1 In 1850, about a third of U. S. A___ covered by forests.
A. were B. has been C. / D. was
( ) 2 Most of our earth____ covered by water.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
( ) 3 Sunday ____ the first day of the week.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( ) 4 Neither___right.
A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't
3
( ) 1 The population of the world ____ still ____ now.
A. has; grown B. will; grow C. is; growing D. is grown
( ) 2 There ____ many people running in the park every morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. have
( ) 3 These police often___the children across the street.
A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping
4
( ) 1 ___ going to England by air next week.
A. The Green family are B. The Greens family are
C. The Green's family are D. Green family are
( ) 2 The whole family ____ enjoying the beautiful music now.
A. is all B. all is C. all are D. are all
( ) 3 Our class ___ big.
A. is B. are C. were D. will
5
( ) 1 Neither he nor I ____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
( ) 2 Either you or he ____ right.
A. are B. is C. does D. were
( ) 3 Neither Mary nor her brother____ good at singing.
A. is B. are C. is not D. are not
( ) 4 Not only Tom but also Alice and Mary ____ busy.
A. is B. was C. are D. has
6
( ) 1 Physics ___ interesting to us.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
( ) 2 The news____ exciting. We got excited at it.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
( ) 3 Though mathematics____ hard, we all work at it hard.
A. are B. were C. was D. is
参考答案：
1. 1 -4 C D A D
2. 1-4 D B A C
3. 1 -3 C C A
4. 1 -3 A D A
5. 1 -4 C B A C
6. 1 -3 C B D
㈣ 仁爱版七年级英语上册语法练习答案 一、用be动词及其正确的形式填空 。 1、-- _____
一、用be动词及其正确的形式填空 。
1、-- ___Are___you Michale? -- No,I__am_ _not_____.
2、What__is_____Jane’s phone numb er?
3、-- Where __is____she from?
-- She _is___from the USA.
4、-- Where ___are__Lily and Lucy fro m?
-- They __are___from the USA.
5、-- ___Are____those apples？
-- No, they __aren't____. They __are__cakes.
6. --___Is__that cap red?
-- No, it___isn't___. It __is___yellow.
7、The girl in green _is___Lisa.
8、-- How much__are____these apples ?
-- 10yuan a kilo.
9、-- How much_is_____this salt?
– One yuan a kilo.
10、There___are___twelve people in hi s family.
11、There__are___ some vegetables o n the desk.
12、There____is__ some water in the bottle. There __isn't____ (not be) any milk.
二、写出下列缩写或完全形式。
I am__I'm____
who is __Who's____
Jane has__Jane's__
There’re_There are____
is not___isn't_____
aren’t_are not______
She’d like_She would like___
do not__don't_____
does n’t__does not___
三、用has/have填空。
I __have____a happy family. My parents both _have____big ears. My mother ___has__long blond hair and my father _has______short bl ack hair. Does my sister Rose _have____big e ars, too? Yes, but she doesn’t __have___long blond hair like my mother. My pet Kitty __has_____short legs and big feet. Do you __have__a nice family ,too?